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Puget Sound Clean Cars Stormwater Partnership Working Group Meeting
Ken Zarker, Washington State Department of EcologyTom Lewandowski, Gradient
Gary Pollak, SAE International
Friday April 28, 2017
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• Introductions, Overview and Project Organization
Tom Lewandowski, Gradient
• Background
Ken Zarker, Ecology
• Stormwater Impacts and Possible Solutions
Jen McIntyre, Washington State University
• Overview of Automotive Drips/Leaks
Gary Pollak, SAE International
• Project Deliverables
Tom Lewandowski, Gradient
• Open Discussion
• Stakeholder Questions & Open Comments
• Next Steps and Follow Up
Web Meeting Agenda
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• Project Goal: identify technologies and approaches to reduce stormwater impacts associated with automotive vehicle fluid leaks in the State of Washington
Fluid leaks only, not focusing on other emissions (e.g. brake dust, refrigerants, exhaust components)
Research focus, not proposing policy or regulation
• Project Strategy: work with a diverse panel of stakeholders to:
understand what we know and what we don't (data gaps)
understand the environmental and human health impacts
understand current technologies
identify possible new practices/technologies
identify drivers and barriers addressing the issue
consider safer fluid product alternatives
Project Overview
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• Ecology, Gradient, and SAE
• Identify and recruit experts for the working group and stakeholder advisory group
• Coordinate meetings and communications among the groups, and
• Complete the final research report based on the findings of the Working Group and Stakeholder Group
Project Organization: Operations Team
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Operations Team Organization Chart
Contact Name AffiliationProject Leads Ken Zarker Ecology
Gary Pollak SAETom Lewandowski Gradient
Project Support Staff Dave Mayfield GradientJoel Cohen GradientKeith Wilson SAEBlake Nelson EcologyJeffrey Gutschmidt EcologyJustine Asohmbom EcologyIan Wesley Ecology
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• Small group of reps from government, academia, NGOs and automotive-related businesses, and chaired by Ken Zarker (WA Ecology) Attend quarterly web-meetings throughout the project
Function as a sounding board for ideas and information gathered
Identify sources of technical information (documents, people)
Potentially help in information gathering (e.g., conversations with other experts)
Review and potentially write small sections of the final report
Receive quarterly newsletters and email communications
Project Organization: Working Group
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Working Group Organization Chart
Area of Expertise Contact Name AffiliationAcademic/Research Ed Kolodziej University of Washington - Tacoma
Michael Smith Clover Park Technical College
Sagi Hemi Advanced Test Concepts
Jen McIntyre Washington State University
Automotive design, manufacturing, maintenance and repair
Sheila Andrews/Tom Tucker Auto Care Association
Marcel Halberstadt Independent consultant; SAELaurie Holmes Motor & Equipment Manufacturers
Association (MEMA)Dan Selke Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC
Government Bill Malatinsky Seattle Public UtilitiesElsa Pond WS DOT
NGO Andy Gregory Puget Soundkeeper
Tere Carral Bridge Latino
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Stakeholder Group Organization ChartArea of Expertise Affiliation
Academic/Research Washington Stormwater Center - WSU
Automotive design, manufacturing, maintenance and repair
Association of Global Automakers
Automotive Recyclers of Washington
Gage Products Company
Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association (MEMA)
Volkswagen
Automotive Service Association Northwest
Auto Alliance
Government City of Kirkland
US Fish and Wildlife Service
NGO Future Wise
Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
Northwest Green Chemistry
NW Pollution Prevention Resource Center
California Stormwater Quality Association
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• All meetings will be web-based• Goal is to listen to everyone, gather all relevant information
We are interested in data not personal views
All opinions are valuable, particularly if delivered respectfully
• Active participation in discussions is essential
• Decisions (which will be limited) are consensus based
• Working group members will be able to speak, visitors will have to type questions in the chat box We may use raised hand function or messaging during discussions
depending on how things progress
Chair (Ken Zarker) will direct the discussions
• Try to limit jargon to the extent possible
Working Group Meeting Ground Rules
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Stakeholder Engagement & Collaboration
• Lead through a Consensus-based approach
• Ecology values your professional input so that we benefit from your knowledge.
• All stakeholder input is valued.
• Ecology is responsible for the final deliverables under the EPA grant.
• Who does What by When and how we Follow up so that assignments don’t fall through the cracks.
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Overview of Aquatic Toxicity of
Urban Stormwater Runoff
Puget Sound Clean Cars Stormwater Partnership Working Group, April 28, 2017
Dr. Jenifer McIntyre | School of the Environment | WSU Puyallup Research Extension Center
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13
Coho pre-spawn mortality is widespread & recurrent in urban creeks
Longfellow Creek, 2003 Des Moines Creek, 2004
Longfellow Creek, 2005 Longfellow Creek, 2012
63%
84%
67%
72%
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Sublethal effects in zebrafish
Sublethal effects of runoff on developing fish include:• Inability/delay to hatch• Developmental delays• Small eye phenotype (*)• Pericardial edema (yellow arrow)• Deformed jaws and hearts (black arrows)
* *
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A What chemical(s) in road runoff cause observed toxicity to aquatic animals?
B Can we generate a phenotypically-anchored synthetic stormwater runoff?
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Which are most toxic? Which contribute most to toxicity?
Tire Wear Exhaust Brakes Washer Fluid
Automobile Leaks:• Fuel• Engine Oil• Brake Fluid• Engine Coolant• Transmission Fluid
Leaks
Car Sources of Toxics to Road Runoff
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Relative Toxicity of Sources of ToxicsToxics Source LC50 Length Eye
AreaPVA Heart
RatepCVA
Impairment v/v -10% -30% +50% -20% +20%
Concentration Standardized to LC50
Windshield fluid 5.3% 0.5 0.5 0.5 TBD TBD
Antifreeze 1.8% 0.5 0.5 0.3 TBD TBD
Used motor oil 1.8% 0.3 0.4 0.02 TBD TBD
Transmission fluid 0.5% 1.9 1.6 1.4 TBD TBD
Brake fluid 0.4% Promoted growth 1.1 0.7 TBD TBD
Tire dust >100 g/L 7 g/L 8 g/L >10 g/L 2 g/L 0.1 g/L
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Continuing Work on Sources of Toxics
Next Toxicology Steps:• Definitive tests for acute lethal and sublethal toxicity• Finish ‘leaks’ (remaining: gear oil, steering fluid, HR, CVA)• Test remaining ‘dusts’ (brake dust, exhaust particulates)
Concurrent:• How much does each source contribute to the mixture
of urban stormwater runoff?• Literature reviews of percent material in runoff/road dust• Using analytical chemistry to determine contributions
• Dr. Ed Kolodziej (UW – Tacoma)• Quadrupole Time of Flight (Q-TOF)• ‘Fingerprint’ sources, compare to whole runoff• Test synthetic mixtures for phenotypic responses
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Automotive Fluid Leakage Sources
• Engine Oil• Antifreeze• Transmission Fluid• Brake Fluid• Power Steering Fluid• Fuel (gasoline, ethanol)• Differential Gear Oil• Windshield Washer Fluid
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Automotive Fluid Leakage
Some Recent Studies Indicate:
40-50% of all vehicles on the road have some type of minor or major leak.
Engine oil is the predominant leak
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Automotive Fluid Leakage
SAE International:
Professional society for the exchange of ideas for advancing the engineering of mobility systems.
Technical Expertise:
Industry Experts making up Technical Standards Committees
Authors presenting Technical Papers at SAE Technical Conferences
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Automotive Fluid Leakage
SAE Technical Committees
Over 500 committees, 9000 committee members, 2900 companies
Some activity in all systems previously mentioned
Primarily new vehicle design standards
SAE Technical Authors
Over 25 major conferences per year, over 2600 technical papers per year
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Automotive Fluid Leakage
Suggested Strategy of this Project Working Group:
Identify the area(s) for deeper dive
• For possible technical committee input/response
• For more targeted lit search
• For contact with selected authors
Work through the SAE Consultant WG member (Marcel Halberstadt) to help coordinate these requests
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• Data will be collected as part of an ongoing literature search and review, interviews with outside parties and through stakeholder discussions
• Quarterly web-meetings (April 2017 – June 2018)
30-60 minutes in length
Discuss project related tasks, information needs and progress updates
• Final Report and Presentation
Findings and information collected will be summarized in a final report delivered to Ecology in June 2018.
Findings will also be presented at a future SAE conference (date TBD)
Project Deliverables
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• Background on automobile fluid leaks
Environmental and human health impacts
Vehicle leak data (sources, frequency, volume)
Automotive designs relevant to fluid leaks (gaskets, seals)
Maintenance efforts related to automobile leaks
• Approaches to reduce vehicle leaks
Innovative technologies and onboard diagnostics
Policy options (incentives, case studies)
• Drivers and barriers to reducing leaks
Institutional (adaptability of design and manufacturing processes), regulatory, market
• Safer chemical alternatives - lubricants, gaskets, seals, adhesives, etc.
Broad Research Areas for Final Report
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Open Discussion
• As a working group member, what are your particular interests in this project? What do you think you will be able to contribute?
• What do you see as the largest challenge to addressing this issue?
• Do you have any suggestions for how the project should proceed (e.g., technical resources to investigate)?
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Next Steps and Follow-Up
• Operations Team (Ecology, Gradient, SAE) will follow up with Working Group members via email/phone to: Provide meeting minutes
Confirm technical data gathering assignments and proposed timeline for completion
Poll possible dates for the next quarterly web meeting