psy335 r1 week 3 quiz

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1Psychoanalytic Model Paper

Psychoanalytic Model Paper

PSY/310

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Sigmund Freud made up the name psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is an

arrangement that is a therapeutic and interpretation analysis and treatment for

psychological disorders. The beginning of psychoanalysis as created after Freud had

researched hysteria! to hich he belie"ed as not caused by biological manifestations

ithin the ner"ous system! hoe"er by a distortion in the emotions. Freud rote to

papers on the sub#ect of hysteria! this as the beginning of his or$ on psychoanalytic

theories. %e used this method mainly to treat people that suffered from different types of

mental disorders. &ung and 'dler #oined Freud. &ung and 'dler made contributions to

the field. (n 1)13! both ere not recogni*ed due to theoretical differences ith Freud

and his strong se+ual moti"ation.

Psychoanalysis is a concept of the unconscious mind! and in hysteria patients

tend to disappear after material as forgotten. Freud,s "ision as of the unconscious

mind ha"ing psychic abilities. These abilities could influence the personality and

beha"ior! but could operate the material and not the sub#ect. %e figured there ere

defense mechanisms hich included repression! regression! displacement! and

rationali*ation. These defense mechanisms help to defend the part of the mind that is

conscious from parts of real life that may attempt pain. Freud made a recognition of this

consciousness ithin the e+periences that ere forgotten! and it as the base of

psychoanalysis therapy.

%ypnosis is one of the original methods that as used in order to del"e into the

mind hile it as unconscious. -ater it as thron out due to the limit of effecti"eness it

had. Free association too$ its, place. uring free association a patient ill lie still of a

couch! and is encouraged to spea$ openly about their e"eryday li"es! no matter ho

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embarrassing some moments may be. Freud,s main goal during free association as to

bring conscious aareness to thoughts or memories that may ha"e been repressed!

hich may be the reason for the patient,s strange beha"ior. Freud "ieed dreams as

significant ish achie"ements! hich are to main $eys to the mind hile it is

unconscious. The interpretation of dreams as a "ery important part of Freud,s therapy.

Foundations and Influences

There ere three main sources of the influence of the psychoanalytic mo"ement!

the e"olutionary theory! the early ideas about psychopathology! and the philosophical

speculations about the unconscious psychological phenomena. Freud as not the first

to research about the unconscious human mind. (n the 1 th century! ottfried ilhelm

-eibnit* de"eloped monadology. Monads are not physical atoms! but ere still

considered to be the indi"idual elements of reality. 2ach of these monads as an

une+tended psychic entity. -eibnit* belie"ed that mental e"ents 4hich are composed

of the acti"ity of monads5 had different degrees of consciousness ranging from

completely unconscious to clearly conscious6 4Schult*! 70115. The ne+t century! &ohann

Friedrich %erbart refined the -eibnit*,s notion of unconscious into the thought of a

threshold of consciousness. %e argued that any ideas that ere belo the said

threshold! ere unconscious. 'n idea must be compatible ith the ideas that are

already in consciousness to be able to cross o"er the threshold.

There ere many cases of mental illnesses! dating bac$ to 7000 89.

8abylonians belie"ed mental illness as caused by possession of demons! hile the

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'ncient %ebres belie"ed that mental illnesses as based on strict punishment for sins.

(t as Socrates! Plato! and 'ristotle ho began to thin$ that mental illnesses deri"ed

from mental thought processes. ' trend! The 2mmanuel Mo"ement! approached mental

illness in the :nited States by the 2mmanuel 9hurch %ealing Mo"ement. They strictly

focused on the benefits of tal$ therapy. They ere able to ma$e the public and medical

community aare of ho important psychological factors that caused mental illnesses

ere. %ypnosis as another phenomenon hen it comes to the groing focus on

mental illnesses. Fran* 'nton Mesmer considered that the human body contains a

magnetic force that operated li$e magnets. 'nimal magnetism as ade;uate to

penetrate ob#ects and act on them from a distance. (t as also belie"ed that animal

magnetism as able to cure ner"ous disorders.

Contributions

There ha"e been many contributions to psychoanalysis. 8ut! the main

contributions studied are! the 'ttachment Theory! Transference!

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be physically closer. The separation distress! meaning can also be classified as

separation an+iety. The safe ha"en is hen an infant may go to the guardian hen

he/she starts feeling danger or starts to feel an+ious. -astly! the secure base! is e+actly

ho it sounds! the infant feels completely protected hen ith the guardian.

Transference is $non as the concept that can refer to the natural response to

certain situations in uni;ue and predetermined ays. (t can also describe the tendency

for a person to base some of their perceptions in the present day relationships of their

earlier attachments! mainly in"ol"ing parents! siblings! and spouses. Transference can

lead to distortions ithin interpersonal relationships.

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Criticisms

Freud used a method of gathering data that as constantly critici*ed. %e dre

data and conclusions from his patients hile they ere undergoing psychoanalysis. %e

did not ta$e notes hile ith the patient! but ould instead rite notes se"eral hours

after seeing the patient. Some original data from the patients may ha"e been lost ith

the time that passes before notes ere ta$en don! hich can lead to distortions and

omissions ithin the patient,s history. %e may ha"e also reinterpreted the original ords

of his patients. (n other ords! he may ha"e only ritten hat he anted to hear.

Freud,s analysis as proceeded on a people in a small group! ho chose to undergo

psychoanalysis ith him. Most of the patients ere similar in the ays of! being young!

unmarried! educated! and upper=class omen. Freud made fe attempts to confirm the

accuracy of his patient,s reports. Many critics claim he could ha"e inter"ieed other

people such as relati"es! or friends. -astly! Freud ne"er e+plained his reasoning behind

his reports. %is data could not be analy*ed due to lac$ of reasoning.

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Schult*! . P.! ? Schult*! S. 2. 470115. ' %istory of Psychology 410th ed.5.

8elmont! 9'> adsorth! 9engage -earning.

psy335 r1 week 3 quiz

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