proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment ... foundry [email protected]...

[email protected] 011 792 0880 086 592 0298 www.maranggroup.co.za

PO Box 1369 Bromhof 2154

PROPOSED INSTALLATION AND

OPERATION OF FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT

AT KCS FOUNDRY AND ENGINEERING

(PTY) LTD LOCATED IN ROODEKOP,

CITY OF EKHURHULENI

SCOPING REPORT

Marang Project Number: MAR-SIM-200132

GDARD Reference No: GAUT002/20-21/E2693

Revision: 1.0

KCS FOUNDRY AND

ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD

15 October 2020

i Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

REVISION AND APPROVAL PAGE

Revision Number 1.0

Marang Report Number KCS-01-106-001-00

Marang Project Number MAR-SIM-200132

Report Title

Proposed Installation and Operation of Foundry Equipment at KCS

Foundry and Engineering (PTY) LTD Located in Roodekop, City of

Ekhurhuleni

Name Signature Date

Co-Author

Marvin Lobeko

(Environmental Assessment

Practitioner)

8 October 2020

Co-Author

Claire Taylor

(Senior Environmental

Assessment Practitioner)

15 October 2020

Document Authorisation

Claire Taylor

(Senior Environmental

Assessment Practitioner)

15 October 2020

Report Submission Summary

Report Revision Number 1.0 Date submitted: 15 October 2020

ii Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

DISCLAIMER

Information contained in this report was based on the information received from KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty)

Ltd. Where data supplied by the client or other external sources, including previous site investigation data, have been

used, it has been assumed that the information is correct unless otherwise stated. No responsibility is accepted by

Marang Environmental and Associates (Pty) Ltd for incomplete or inaccurate data supplied by others. We are aware of

the fact that there might have been changes since this report was submitted, however, this report and its findings are

based on the last information received from the client. To the best of our knowledge, the assumptions and findings are

correct at the time of submission of the specialist reports. Should any of the assumption or findings prove to be incorrect

subsequent to submission of the report we as the specialist cannot be held accountable.

Note that although every effort has been made by Marang Environmental and Associates (Pty) Ltd to obtain the correct

information and to carry out an appropriate, independent, impartial and competent study, Marang Environmental and

Associates (Pty) Ltd cannot be held liable for any incident which directly or indirectly relates to the work in this document

and which may have an effect on the client or on any other third party.

CONFIDENTIALITY

The content of this report will be kept confidential. Copies of the report will not be distributed to other parties except

with the expressed permission of the client. The exception to this confidentiality is the requirement from the relevant

authority or department. Copyright is vested in Marang Environmental and Associates (Pty) Ltd in terms of the Copyright

Act (Act 98 of 1978) and no use or reproduction or duplication thereof may occur without the written consent of the

author.

iii Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

PROPOSED INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF FOUNDRY

EQUIPMENT AT KCS FOUNDRY AND ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD

LOCATED IN ROODEKOP, CITY OF EKHURHULENI

SCOPING REPORT

Executive Summary

Marang Environmental and Associates (Pty) Ltd (hereafter referred to as “Marang”) was appointed as

the independent Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) by KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty)

Ltd (hereafter referred to as the “KCS Foundry”) to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA) process for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at the proposed facility

located on Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 15261526 Roodekop, City of Ekurhuleni (CoE),Gauteng Province

(hereafter referred to as the “proposed activity”).

There are currently no activities taking place on site. The site characterized by paved surfaces and

factory buildings. The proposed activity is to be located within the existing factories and will require

minimum alteration to building structures. All operations will take place within the confined boundaries

of the facility. Equipment related to foundry operations, such as furnaces, shot blast machine and sand

reclamation plant etc, will be systematically installed within the existing factories in dedicated areas.

The proposed installation of foundry equipment will enable the facility to melt ferrous and non-ferrous

metals and alloys, then reshape them into the desired products at or near their finished shape through

the pouring and solidification of the molten metal or alloy into moulds.

Foundry facilities require an Atmospheric Emissions License (AEL) and thus also require an

Environmental Authorisation (EA) as per Activity 6 of Listing Notice 2, of the EIA Regulations, 2014, as

amended on 7 April 2017:

6.The development of facilities or infrastructure for any process or activity which requires a

permit or licence or an amended permit or licence in terms of national or provincial legislation

governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution or effluent…

Activity 6 applies to the proposed development as it triggers sub-categories 4.10 of Section 21 of the

National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEM:AQA) (Act No. 39 of 2004):

4.10 Foundries.

Marang has compiled this Scoping Report on behalf of KCS Foundry in order to comply with the

requirements of the EIA Regulations of 2014, as amended on 7 April 2017, as amended on 7 April 2017

(EIA Regulations), in terms of Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act

No. 107 of 1998).

This report details the findings of the Scoping Phase of the application for the proposed installation and

operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and provides a way forward for the EIA phase through

the plan of study for EIA. Pertinent environmental issues have been identified for further analysis in the

EIA phase. Identified negative impacts may be mitigated to reduce their significance, and a detailed

management plan will be developed.

Although the proposed activity may have some impacts on humans and the environment, the activity is

to take place within an existing facility in a developed industrial area, and as such is considered to have

generally low ecological significance. Furthermore, no fatal flaws were identified during the scoping

iv Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

phase in terms of the proposed activity that would prevent the assessment from proceeding to the EIA

phase. As such, Marang suggests that the project proceeds to the assessment phase.

v Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1. Project Applicant ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Environmental Assessment Practitioner ................................................................................. 2

1.3. Objectives of the Scoping Report............................................................................................ 3

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 5

2.1. Project Background ................................................................................................................. 5

2.2. Site description ........................................................................................................................ 5

2.3. Technical Project Description.................................................................................................. 3

2.4. Alternatives .............................................................................................................................. 6

3. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 7

3.1. Legislation ............................................................................................................................... 7

3.2. Key Development Strategies and Guidelines ....................................................................... 13

4. PROJECT NEED AND DESIRABILITY ....................................................................... 13

5. PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................. 14

5.1. Locality .................................................................................................................................. 14

5.2. Land Use and Zoning ............................................................................................................ 16

5.3. Socio-Economic Setting ........................................................................................................ 17

6. DESCRIPTION OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ............................................... 17

6.1. Topography ........................................................................................................................... 18

6.2. Geology and Soil ................................................................................................................... 18

6.3. Climate .................................................................................................................................. 20

6.4. Biodiversity and Vegetation ................................................................................................... 24

6.5. Surface water ........................................................................................................................ 25

6.6. Heritage ................................................................................................................................. 25

6.7. Ambient Air quality ................................................................................................................ 26

6.8. Traffic .................................................................................................................................... 32

6.9. Visual Aspects ....................................................................................................................... 32

6.10. Noise ..................................................................................................................................... 32

7. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................................. 32

7.1. Environmental Issues and Potential Impacts ........................................................................ 32

7.2. Mitigation ............................................................................................................................... 33

7.3. Methodology for Assessing Impacts ..................................................................................... 34

8. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ........................................................................................... 35

8.1. Public Participation Process .................................................................................................. 37

vi Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

8.2. Authority Review of the Scoping Report (SR) ....................................................................... 39

9. PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIA ......................................................................................... 40

9.1. Objectives of the EIA Phase ................................................................................................. 40

9.2. Environmental Issues to be Addressed in the EIA Phase .................................................... 40

9.3. Specialist Studies .................................................................................................................. 40

9.4. Authority Consultation ........................................................................................................... 40

9.5. Public Participation – EIA Phase........................................................................................... 41

9.6. Programme for the EIA Phase .............................................................................................. 41

10. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 43

11. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 44

vii Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

LIST OF FIGURES

List of Figures Page

Figure 2-1: KCS Foundry Proposed Site Layout. .................................................................. 6

Figure 2-2. KCS Foundry Building Plan for Refinery Operations........................................... 1

Figure 2-3: View from front entrance of KCS Foundry .......................................................... 2

Figure 2-4: Western side view from the entrance of KCS Foundry. ...................................... 2

Figure 2-5: Eastern side view from the entrance of KCS Foundry ........................................ 2

Figure 2-6: western side of KCS Foundry (site fully paved) .................................................. 2

Figure 2-7: Proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility – Process Flow Diagram. .......... 5

Figure 5-1: KCS Foundry locality map. ............................................................................... 15

Figure 5-2: Map illustrating land zoning surrounding the site. ............................................. 16

Figure 6-1: Digital Elevation Map surrounding KCS Foundry. ............................................. 18

Figure 6-2: Geology of the area surrounding the site. ......................................................... 19

Figure 6-3: Soil characteristics of the development area. ................................................... 20

Figure 6-4: Monthly average temperature and relative humidity profiles for the proposed KCS

Foundry & Engineering Facility for the period January 2017 - December 2019. .................. 22

Figure 6-5: Total monthly rainfall (mm) for the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility

for the period January 2017 - December 2019. ................................................................... 23

Figure 6-6: Vegetation type (Carletonville Dolomite Grassland) of the project site. ............ 24

Figure 6-7: Map illustrating Surface Water features surrounding the development site. ..... 25

Figure 6-8: Heritage sites in relation to the KCS Foundry facility. ....................................... 26

Figure 6-9. Sensitive receptors surrounding proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility.

........................................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 6-10: Period wind rose plots for the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility for

the period January 2017 - December 2019 ......................................................................... 28

Figure 6-11: Identified surrounding emission sources within 10km of the proposed KCS

Foundry & Engineering Facility. .......................................................................................... 31

Figure 7-1: Potential impacts of the construction phase of the proposed activity. ............... 32

Figure 8-1: Typical EIA process ......................................................................................... 37

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1. Marang Project Team. ......................................................................................... 2

Table 1-2: Requirements of a Scoping Report. ..................................................................... 3

Table 2-1: Raw Materials associated with the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility

............................................................................................................................................. 3

Table 3-1. Listed Activities in terms of GN R. 984, as amended, triggered by the proposed

activity at KCS Foundry. ........................................................................................................ 8

Table 3-2: Sub-category 4.10 Foundries............................................................................... 9

Table 3-3. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants. .......................... 11

Table 3-4. South African National Dust Control Regulations ............................................... 12

Table 5-1: Cadastre Information for Portion 3 of ERF 1526. ............................................... 15

Table 5-2. 21-digit Surveyor General Code of Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 1526. .................... 15

Table 5-3. Co-ordinates for the KCS Foundry facility. ......................................................... 15

Table 6-1: Meteorological Data Details. .............................................................................. 21

viii Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

Table 6-2: Monthly average, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity for

January 2017 - December 2019. ......................................................................................... 22

Table 6-3: Total monthly rainfall for January 2017 - December 2019. ................................. 23

Table 7-1: Potential impacts of the operational phase of the proposed activity. .................. 33

Table 7-2: Description of parameters used to establish impact significance. ...................... 34

Table 7-3: Example of impact assessment table. ................................................................ 35

Table 8-1: Authorities follow-up consultation. ..................................................................... 39

Table 9-1: Typical EMPr layout. .......................................................................................... 42

Table 9-2: Stages of the EIA process and timeframes ........................................................ 42

ix Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AEL Air Emissions License

AQA Air Quality Assessment

AQIA Air Quality Impact Assessment

C&RR Comments and Response Report

CARA Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act No. 43 of 1983

CBA Critical Biodiversity Area

CH4 Methane

CO Carbon Monoxide

CO2-eq Carbon Dioxide equivalents

CoE City of Ekurhuleni

DEIAr Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report

DEMPr Draft Environmental Management Programme

DEFF Department of Environment, Fishers and Forestry

DSR Draft Scoping Report

DoI Declaration of Interest

EA Environmental Authorisation

ECO Environmental Control Officer

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMPR Environmental Management Programme

EMM Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality

ESA Ecological Support Area

FGM Focus Group Meeting

FEIAr Final Environmental Impact Assessment

FSR Final Scoping Report

GDARD Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GN Government Notice

GPS Geographic Positioning System

HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons

HPA Highveld Priority Area

IPAP Industrial Policy Action Plan

MAP Mean Annual Precipitation

N2O Nitrous Oxide

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NAEIS National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory System

NEM:AQA National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (Act No. 39 of 2004)

NEMA National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998)

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

O3 Ozone

PM Particulate Matter

PPP Public Participation Process

RSDF Regional Spatial Development Framework

SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency

SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute

SANS South African National Standards

SF6 Sulphur hexafluoride

SHE Safety, Health and the Environment

x Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 – Landowner Consent

Appendix 2 – Expertise of EAP & Project Team

Appendix 3 – Declaration of Interests and Affirmations

Appendix 4 – Competent Authority Consultation

Appendix 5 – Project Maps

Appendix 6 – Public Particiaption

Appendix 6A – Proof of Site Notices

Appendix 6B – Proof of Advertisements

Appendix 6C – I&APs Database

Appendix 6D – Background Information Document (BID)

Appendix 6E – Notifications

Appendix 6F – Public Participation Plan

Appendix 7 – Marang Impact Rating Methodology

Appendix 8 – Department of Environment, Fisheris and Forestery (DEFF) Screening Tool

Appendix 9 – Rezoning Appointment Letter

1 Scoping Report for the proposed installation and operation foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

1. INTRODUCTION

Marang Environmental and Associates (Pty) Ltd (hereafter referred to as “Marang”) was appointed as the

independent Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) by KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

(hereafter referred to as “KCS Foundry”) to facilitate the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for

the installation and operation of foundry to be located on Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 1526 Roodekop, City of

Ekurhuleni (CoE), Gauteng Province (hereafter referred to as the “proposed activity”). The project area falls

within the Highveld Nationally Declared Air Quality Priority Area (HPA).

There are currently no activities taking place on site. The site characterized by paved surfaces and factory

buildings. The previous occupants of the facility were a glassmaking company. The proposed activity is to be

located within the existing buildings and will require minimum alteration to building structures. All operations

will take place within the confined boundaries of the facility. Equipment related to foundry operations, such as

furnaces, shot blast machine and sand reclamation plant etc., will be systematically installed within the existing

buildings in dedicated areas (please refer to study site description in Section 2.2), as required.

The proposed installation of foundry equipment will enable the facility to melt ferrous and non-ferrous metals

and alloys, then reshape them into the desired products at or near their finished shape through the pouring

and solidification of the molten metal or alloy into moulds. The metal will be sourced from local suppliers such

as Insimbi Alloys, FOSECO, Flexilube, Metfurco Waste. The proposed melting capacity at the facility at any

one time while running both furnaces (i.e. 2 tonne furnace and one 1 tonne furnace) will be four heats per day

per furnace, with a maximum of 10 ton per day at full capacity.

Foundry facilities require an Atmospheric Emissions License (AEL) and thus also require an Environmental

Authorisation (EA) as per Activity 6 of Listing Notice 2, of the EIA Regulations, 2014, as amended on 7 April

2017:

6. The development of facilities or infrastructure for any process or activity which requires a

permit or licence or an amended permit or licence in terms of national or provincial

legislation governing the generation or release of emissions, pollution or effluent…

Activity 6 applies to the proposed development as it triggers sub-categories 4.10 of Section 21 of the National

Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEM:AQA) (Act No. 39 of 2004):

4.10 Foundries.

Marang has compiled this Scoping Report on behalf of KCS Foundry in order to comply with the requirements

of the EIA Regulations of 2014, as amended on 7 April 2017 (EIA Regulations), in terms of Chapter 5 of the

National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA). The potential impacts associated with

the proposed project have been identified and are described in this report.

1.1. Project Applicant

KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd

Mr. John van der Merwe

PO Box 667

1425


Tel: 011 865 3403

Fax: 011 865 2002

Email: [email protected]

1.2. Environmental Assessment Practitioner

Marang Environmental and Associates have been appointed as the independent Environmental Assessment

Practitioners (EAPs) by KCS Foundry to facilitate the EIA process. The staff and specialists who have

contributed to the completion of this report are detailed below in Table 1-1 below.

Table 1-1. Marang Project Team.

Name Organisation Role

Environmental Assessment Practitioners

Claire Taylor, Pri. Sci. Nat Marang Senior Environmental Assessment Practitioner

Marvin Lobeko Marang Environmental Scientist

Specialists

Gertrude Mafusire Rayten Engineering Solutions (Pty) Ltd Senior Air Quality Specialist

Designated EAP:

Mr Marvin Lobeko

B.Sc. (Hons) (Univ. of Johannesburg)

Marvin, is an Environmental Assessment Practitioner/Environmental Scientist at Marang with experience in the

environmental management field, and has been involved in various Environmental Impact Assessments, Basic

Assessments, Atmospheric Emissions Licences, EA implementation programmes, Section 22A Reporting and

Applications, Section 24G Reporting and Applications, Waste Management Licences, Environmental

Management Programmes, Waste Management Plans, and Environmental Authorisation Compliance Audits.

Technical Project Manager:

Ms. Claire (Scott) Taylor

B.Sc. (Hons) Environmental Modelling and Monitoring (UNISA)

Mrs. Claire Taylor is a registered EAP with the Environmental Assessment Practitioners Association of South

Africa (EAPASA) and a professional natural scientist registered through the SACNASP. Ms Taylor has been

working in the Environmental Management field for 15 years. During this time, she has carried our numerous

EIAs (including Basic Assessments, Exemptions, full EIAs, & EMPs) Environmental Compliance Audits,

Section 24G Reporting, Waste Management Licences, Tier 1 and Tier 2 Contamination Assessments,

Remedial Action Plans, and Sustainable Development plans and reporting. During the process of carrying out

the abovementioned work, Ms. Taylor has been required to conduct public participation meetings and reviewed

numerous scientific reports and related them to possible environmental impacts of activities.

Please refer to Appendix 2 for CV’s of the team members and specialists. Declaration of Independence (DoIs)

from the EAP are included in Appendix 3 while, those of all specialists and the EAP Affirmations will be included

in the upcoming reports throughout the project.

mailto:[email protected]


1.3. Objectives of the Scoping Report

This scoping report has been prepared as part of the EIA process to fulfil the required objectives of a scoping

process as outlined in Appendix 2 of the NEMA EIA Regulations, 2014 (as amended). The purpose of the

Scoping Phase includes (but is not limited to):

• Identifying the legal framework as it pertains to the proposed activity;

• Identifying and engaging with Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) and Key Stakeholders to allow

for a meaningful consultative process;

• Motivating the need and desirability of the proposed activity;

• Considering alternatives of technology or locality for the proposed activity;

• Assessing the current state of the receiving environment and the potential impacts thereon;

• Identifying the key issues to be addressed in the EIA phase;

• Determining the assessment methodology to be employed and whether specialist input or additional

public participation is required for the EIA phase.

• Identifying mitigation measures for potential impacts and methods for monitoring and management of

risks.

Furthermore, this scoping report contains information as outlined in Section 2(1) of Appendix 2 of the NEMA

EIA Regulations, 2014 (as amended) which is necessary for a proper understanding of the process, informing

all preferred alternatives, including location alternatives, the scope of the assessment, and the consultation

process to be undertaken through the EIA process. The content requirements for a scoping report, as well as

details of which section of the report fulfils these requirements, are shown in Table 1-2 below.

Table 1-2: Requirements of a Scoping Report. Content Requirements Applicable Section

a) details of-

i. the EAP who prepared the report; and

ii. the expertise of the EAP, including a curriculum vitae;

Section 1.2 & Appendix 2.

b) the location of the activity, including-

i. the 21-digit Surveyor General code of each cadastral land parcel;

ii. where available, the physical address and farm name;

iii. where the required information in items (i) and (ii) is not available, the coordinates of the

boundary of the property or properties;

Section 5.

c) a plan which locates the proposed activity or activities applied for at an appropriate scale, or, if it

is-

i. a linear activity, a description and coordinates of the corridor in which the proposed activity

or activities is to be undertaken; or

ii. on land where the property has not been defined, the coordinates within which the activity

is to be undertaken;

Section 2.2, Section 5.1 and

Appendix 5.

d) a description of the scope of the proposed activity, including-

i. all listed and specified activities triggered;

ii. a description of the activities to be undertaken, including associated structures and

infrastructure;

Section 3.1.3 and Section

2.3.

e) a description of the policy and legislative context within which the development is proposed

including an identification of all legislation, policies, plans, guidelines, spatial tools, municipal

development planning frameworks and instruments that are applicable to this activity and are to

be considered in the assessment process;

Section 3.

f) a motivation for the need and desirability for the proposed development including the need and

desirability of the activity in the context of the preferred location;

Section 4.


g) a full description of the process followed to reach the proposed preferred activity, site and location

of the development footprint within the site, including -

i. details of all the alternatives considered;

ii. details of the public participation process undertaken in terms of regulation 41 of the

Regulations, including copies of the supporting documents and inputs;

iii. a summary of the issues raised by interested and affected parties, and an indication of the

manner in which the issues were incorporated, or the reasons for not including them;

iv. the environmental attributes associated with the alternatives focusing on the geographical,

physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

v. the impacts and risks which have informed the identification of each alternative, including

the nature, significance, consequence, extent, duration and probability of such identified

impacts, including the degree to which these impacts-

(aa) can be reversed;

(bb) may cause irreplaceable loss of resources; and

(cc) can be avoided, managed or mitigated;

vi. the methodology used in identifying and ranking the nature, significance, consequences,

extent, duration and probability of potential environmental impacts and risks associated with

the alternatives;

vii. positive and negative impacts that the proposed activity and alternatives will have on the

environment and on the community that may be affected focusing on the geographical,

physical, biological, social, economic, heritage and cultural aspects;

viii. the possible mitigation measures that could be applied and level of residual risk;

ix. the outcome of the site selection matrix;

x. if no alternatives, including alternative locations for the activity were investigated, the

motivation for not considering such and

xi. a concluding statement indicating the preferred alternatives, including preferred location of

the activity;

Section 2, Section 7, and

Section 10.

h) a plan of study for undertaking the environmental impact assessment process to be undertaken,

including-

(i) a description of the alternatives to be considered and assessed within the preferred site,

including the option of not proceeding with the activity;

(ii) a description of the aspects to be assessed as part of the environmental impact assessment

process;

(iii) aspects to be assessed by specialists;

(iv) a description of the proposed method of assessing the environmental aspects, including

aspects to be assessed by specialists;

(v) a description of the proposed method of assessing duration and significance;

(vi) an indication of the stages at which the competent authority will be consulted;

(vii) particulars of the public participation process that will be conducted during the environmental

impact assessment process; and

(viii) a description of the tasks that will be undertaken as part of the environmental impact

assessment process;

(ix) identify suitable measures to avoid, reverse, mitigate or manage identified impacts and to

determine the extent of the residual risks that need to be managed and monitored.

Section 9.

i) an undertaking under oath or affirmation by the EAP in relation to-

i. the correctness of the information provided in the report;

ii. the inclusion of comments and inputs from stakeholders and interested and affected parties;

and

iii. any information provided by the EAP to interested and affected parties and any responses

by the EAP to comments or inputs made by interested or affected parties;

Appendix 3.

j) an undertaking under oath or affirmation by the EAP in relation to the level of agreement between

the EAP and interested and affected parties on the plan of study for undertaking the environmental

impact assessment;

Appendix 3.

k) where applicable, any specific information required by the competent authority; and Section 1

l) any other matter required in terms of section 24(4)(a) and (b) of the Act. All requirements in terms of

section 24(4)(a) and (b) of

the Act have been met in this

report.


2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. Project Background

KCS Foundry and Engineering (Pty) Ltd was founded on 19 September 2014 and propose to operate on

Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 1526 Roodekop Aberdein street where they will be conducting foundry activities on a

small scale. KCS Foundry propose to establish a new foundry, with associated infrastructure and equipment,

and will utilize the existing buildings and infrastructure, thus reducing the need for construction and will not

place additional strain on services such as water, sewerage, roads, etc. The project area falls within the

Highveld Priority Area (HPA) declared in terms of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act

(Act 39 of 2004). From an operational perspective, the site layout will utilize the minimum distance approach,

ensuring equipment is laid out to avoid unnecessary movement of goods allowing for maximum efficiency.

A total of 100 new employment opportunities will be created in the operational phase of this activity. KCS

Foundry aims to tackle the need for skills development and upliftment in the foundry industry by employing a

considerable amount of youth members. The activity is located within an established industrial area

(Roodekop) where many industries have ceased operations due to the economic recession in South Africa,

and it is hoped that the introduction of the foundry will bring renewed investment to the area.

2.2. Site description

KCS Foundry plans to operate the proposed foundry activities in factory A, factory B and factory C on Portion

3 and 4 of ERF 1526, Roodekop. The site is situated in an industrial area and is predominately characterised

by concrete and paved surfaces, office blocks, parking area, factory buildings, diesel tank, generator and other

structurers (figures 2-3 to 2-6). Access is gained to the site via Aberdein Street.

The site is well maintained and there were no visible surface spills of chemicals. Storm water management is

in place over the site with storm water drains being the predominant form of management.


Figure 2-1: KCS Foundry Proposed Site Layout.

Kelvion Thermal Solutions (Pty) Ltd are the registered landowners of the property however, KCS are in the

process of acquiring the site. Furthermore, Kelvion has given consent to KCS Foundry to undertake the

proposed foundry activities at the site (a letter of consent is included in Appendix 1). The total size of the

operational site is approximately 4189m2 and consists of three factory buildings. Ferrous metals will be casted

in factory A and non-ferrous metals will be casted in factory B. The following equipment and infrastructure will

be associated with factory A:

• 2-ton furnace;

• Reclamation plant with abatement equipment (i.e. baghouse);

• Mixer;

• Sand hopper;

• Compressor and

• Shot blast machine;

Factory B:

• 1-ton furnace;

• Reclamation plant and

• Mixer.

Factory C:

• Shot blast machine,


• Pattern repair shop,

• Pattern storage area and

• Chemical storage area.


Figure 2-2. KCS Foundry Building Plan for Refinery Operations


Figure 2-3: View from front entrance of KCS Foundry

Figure 2-4: Western side view from the entrance of KCS Foundry.

Figure 2-5: Eastern side view from the entrance of KCS Foundry

Figure 2-6: western side of KCS Foundry (site fully paved)


2.3. Technical Project Description

The proposed foundry will specialise in producing ferrous and non-ferrous castings and will consist of three

factories (factories A, B and C). The ferrous moulding and casting bay will be in factory A, while the non-

ferrous bay will be in factory B and the chemical and pattern storage area in factory C. After receiving an

order to produce castings, relevant patterns will be taken from the pattern shop and sent to the moulding

line, after which the moulding process will be initiated. The moulds will be made from a silica sand mixture.

The sand mixture will be packed around the selected pattern and allowed to harden. Thereafter, the mould

will be carefully removed from the pattern, closed, and placed on the pouring floor in preparation for the

molten metal.

In the melting department, two induction furnaces, that use electricity, will be used to melt raw material.

One furnace will be used in each of the factories (factories A & B). Both furnaces will be able to operate

simultaneously. The capacity of each furnace is different, the 2 ton furnace will be located in factory A and

the 1 ton furnace in factory B. Ferrous-based raw material will be melted in the furnace at factory A, while

non-ferrous based raw material will be melted in the furnace at factory B. During melting, samples will be

collected from the furnaces to check for quality and composition, and if the composition is good and

acceptable, molten metal will be poured into a ladle and transferred to the moulds (through pouring) for

casting. In the moulds, the molten metal will be allowed to cool for 24 hours.

After cooling, castings will be knocked out of the moulds, and undergo fettling with the use of the shot blast

machines or similar to remove excess material. The fettling process will be followed by final inspection of

the castings before delivery to the customers. Most of the sand that will be separated from the castings

during the knock-out process will be sent to the reclamation plant for recycling and re-used in the moulding

process.

KCS Foundry plan to install emissions extraction equipment (i.e. extraction hoods and stacks) over all the

induction furnaces to ensure that the emissions are captured sufficiently and treated using the appropriate

abatement equipment. A baghouse will also be connected to the sand reclamation plant to mitigate fugitive

emissions.

A summary of raw materials that will be used at the proposed foundry is shown in (Table 2-1)

Table 2-1: Raw Materials associated with the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility

Raw Material Type Design Consumption

Rate (quantity)

Actual Consumption

Rate (quantity)

Units (quantity/period)

Pig Iron 2006kg 2006kg Kg/day

Blue Steel 1214kg 1214kg Kg/day

Copper Granules 14kg 16.1kg Kg/day

Fe-Silica (LA 80kg 92kg Kg/day

Fe-Mn (HC) 6kg 6.9kg Kg/da

Carbon 96kg 110.4kg Kg/day

CaSiMn 0.6kg 0.6kg Kg/day

Inoculant (IAZR) 12kg 12kg Kg/day

Fe-Sulphide 2kg 2.3kg Kg/day

Fe-Si-Mg 32kg 32kg Kg/day

Hot Topping 5kg 5kg Kg/day

Al Pellets 1.2kg 1.2kg Kg/day


Flucast 0.6kg 0.6kg Kg/day

316 Steel Scrap 3896kg 3896kg Kg/day

Low C-Chrome 7.2kg 8.28kg Kg/day

Fe-Molybdenum 32kg 36.8kg Kg/day

Copper Cathode 14kg 16.1kg Kg/day

Nickel 446kg 446kg Kg/day

304 Scraps 1750kg 1750kg Kg/day

3Cr12 Scrap 1156kg 1156kg Kg/day

Fe- Manganese (LC) 26kg 29.9kg Kg/day

Slagulant 5kg 6kg Kg/day

High-C-Chrome 100kg 115kg Kg/day

Tin 5kg 6kg Kg/day

Lead 4kg 5kg Kg/day

Zinc 5kg 6kg Kg/day

Silica Sand 32 000kg 10 000kg Kg/day

Hazardous material that will be stored/utilized on site as part of the integral operations on site include:

• Alcohol spirit (50 litre/day)

• Paints (150kg/day)

• CO2 gas cylinder (31.5kg/month)

• Argon gas in cylinders (3 bottle or 50.7kg/month)

• Diesel (23m3 aboveground tank capacity)

KCS Foundry proposed process flow diagram is given in below.


Figure 2-7: Proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility – Process Flow Diagram.


2.4. Alternatives

As per Chapter 1 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended), feasible and reasonable alternatives are

required to be considered during the EIA process. Alternatives are defined as “different means of meeting

the general purpose and requirements of the activity, which may include alternatives to the-

a. property on which or location where the activity is proposed to be undertaken;

b. type of activity to be undertaken;

c. design or layout of the activity;

d. technology to be used in the activity;

e. operational aspects of the activity;

and includes the option of not implementing the activity.”

Each of these alternatives is discussed in relation to the proposed project in the sections below:

2.4.1. Site Alternatives

KCS Foundry searched extensively for a site that would be suitable for the establishment of a foundry.

Although a number of sites were considered, strategic analysis identified the proposed site as being the

most suitable for the proposed activities with reference to location and distance to potential sensitive

receptors. This site falls within an area that is zoned as industrial and thus the proposed activities will not

deviate from the regional land use purpose. Furthermore, as the property had already been developed for

previous industrial purposes, the proposed activity could make use of existing buildings and bulk services

infrastructure. This was considered to not only be cost effective, but also to negate the need for developing

a virgin site, and thus beneficial in terms of the principals of sustainable development. The site has easy

access to the N3 freeway and the O.R. Thambo International Airport which promotes accessibility to both

suppliers and customers.

As KCS Foundry own no other properties suitable for the proposed development, this site is considered as

the only feasible alternative for the purposes of this EIA.

2.4.2. Activity Alternatives

There are no feasible and reasonable alternatives for the type of activity to be undertaken at the KCS

Foundry facility. KCS Foundry specialises in the production of castings which are an essential component

in infrastructure development and many manufacturing processes. There are no similar activities that could

be employed to achieve the desired outcome. As such, no activity alternatives were considered or deemed

applicable.

2.4.3. Technology Alternatives

The technology to be utilised by the proposed activity is considered to be of the most recent technology

available for foundry operations. Utilising the most recent technology will ensure the foundry process is

streamlined and will make use of the best mitigation measures. Thus, no technology alternatives have been

considered.

2.4.4. Operational Alternatives

KCS Foundry will adhere to operational activities relevant to the industry. The installation and operation of

all proposed equipment for foundry operations will not alter the current operational practices currently been


undertaken in the area and thus operation alternatives have not been considered. KCS Foundry has

standard operational activities relevant to the industry. In order to meet the perceived demand/outputs, the

facility may be required to operate up to 24 hours a day, six days a week.

2.4.5. No-go Alternative

Not approving the proposed activity will reduce the potential for KCS Foundry to positively contribute to the

local and national economy through additional job security and potential casting exports. Should the “no-

go” option be selected, the above-mentioned socio-economic benefits would not be realised. Furthermore,

the site is an existing developed site within an established industrial area. Should the activity not go ahead,

the buildings and site may remain vacant and reduce the overall productivity of the industrial area. As such,

the no-go alternative is not viewed as being a preferred alternative.

3. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

The key legislation and guidelines that may have a bearing on the proposed project from an environmental

perspective are described in the subsections below. It should be noted that this is not an exhaustive list,

but rather aims to identify pertinent sections of relevant legislation.

3.1. Legislation

3.1.1. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996)

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996) is the supreme law of the Republic

of South Africa and provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic. It also sets out the rights

and duties of its citizens and defines the structure of the government.

With reference to the environment, the constitution has afforded citizens environmental rights in Section

24. According to Section 24 of the Constitution, “Everyone has the right –

(a) To an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

(b) To have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through

reasonable legislative and other measures that –

(i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation;

(ii) promote conservation; and

(iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting

justifiable economic and social development.”

In terms of this right, every person is guaranteed a healthy environment, and the State needs to ensure that

the environment is protected “while promoting justifiable economic and social development” by employing

the principals of sustainable development. In order to give effect to these rights, various environmental laws

and regulations have been promulgated. Individuals, corporates and the State are required to comply with

these laws and regulations and are liable to prosecution if they do not comply.

In light of the above, KCS Foundry will need to ensure the proposed activity is ecologically sustainable

while demonstrating economic and social development. In addition, they will need to ensure that reasonable

steps will be taken where relevant in order to prevent pollution as a result of the proposed activity.

3.1.2. The National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act No. 107 of 1998), as

amended


The National Environmental Management Act (Act no.107 of 1998), referred to as NEMA, provides South

Africa’s framework for environmental legislation. Although NEMA was initially promulgated in 1998, it has

since been amended on several occasions.

The act intends to provide for:

• co-operative environmental governance by establishing principles for decision-making on matters

affecting the environment;

• institutions that will promote co-operative governance and procedures for coordinating

environmental functions exercised by organs of state;

• the prohibition, restriction or control of activities which are likely to have a detrimental effect on the

environment; and

• matters connected therewith.

Sections 24 and 44 of NEMA make provision for the promulgation of regulations that identify activities which

may not commence without an EA. The result being that NEMA now governs the EIA process with the said

promulgation of the EIA Regulations in December 2014 (as amended on 07 April 2017). This EIA has

therefore been undertaken in accordance with the NEMA EIA Regulations.

The proposed activity triggers Activity 6 of Listing Notice 2 of the Government Notice 984 of the EIA

Regulations, 2014, as amended. In terms of the EIA Regulations, a full EIA is required for the proposed

activity. Table 3-1 below describes the listed activity and how the proposed activity relates.

Table 3-1. Listed Activities in terms of GN R. 984, as amended, triggered by the proposed activity at KCS Foundry.

Listed activity as described in Listing Notice 2 of GN R. 984, as

amended

Description of project activity that may trigger the

listed activity

Listed Activity 6:

The development of facilities or infrastructure for any process or

activity which requires a permit or licence or an amended permit or

licence in terms of national or provincial legislation governing the

generation or release of emissions, pollution or effluent, excluding─

i. activities which are identified and included in Listing Notice

1 of 2014;

ii. activities which are included in the list of waste

management activities published in terms of section 19 of

the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008

(Act No. 59 of 2008) in which case the National

Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 applies;

iii. the development of facilities or infrastructure for the

treatment of effluent, polluted water, wastewater or sewage

where such facilities have a daily throughput capacity of 2

000 cubic metres or less; or

iv. (iv) where the development is directly related to aquaculture

facilities or infrastructure where the wastewater discharge

capacity will not exceed 50 cubic metres per day.

The operations of the proposed foundry facility will require

an AEL in terms of national legislation governing the

release of emissions. Therefore, the installation of

infrastructure (equipment) and the associated operation

thereof triggers activity 6 and requires an EA followed by

an AEL from the City of Ekurhuleni.

3.1.3. National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEM:AQA), 2004 (Act No. 39 of

2004), as amended


The National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004 (No. 39 of 2004), as amended (referred to

as NEM: AQA), has shifted the approach of air quality management from source-based control to receptor-

based control. The main objectives of the Act are to;

• to protect the environment by providing reasonable measures for—

i. the protection and enhancement of the quality of air in the Republic;

ii. the prevention of air pollution and ecological degradation; and

iii. securing ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and

social development; and

• generally to give effect to section 24(b) of the Constitution in order to enhance the quality of

ambient air for the sake of securing an environment that is not harmful to the health and wellbeing

of people.

The Act makes provisions for the setting and formulation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for

“substances or mixtures of substances which present a threat to health, well-being or the environment”.

More stringent standards can be established at the provincial and local levels.

The control and management of emissions in the NEM:AQA relates to the listing of activities that are

sources of emissions and the issuing of AELs. Listed activities are defined as activities which “result in

atmospheric emissions and are regarded as having a significant detrimental effect on the environment,

including human health”. Listed activities have been identified by the Minister of the Department of

Environment, Fishers and Forestry (DEFF), previously known as Department of Environmental Affairs

(DEA) and atmospheric emission standards have been established for each of these activities. These listed

activities now require an AEL to operate. The issuing of AELs for listed activities will be the responsibility

of the Metropolitan and District Municipalities, except for those associated with mining operations.

In addition, the Minister may declare any substance contributing to air pollution as a priority pollutant. Any

industries or industrial sectors that emit these priority pollutants will be required to implement a Pollution

Prevention Plan. Municipalities are required to “designate an air quality officer to be responsible for co-

ordinating matters pertaining to air quality management in the Municipality”. The appointed Air Quality

Officer is responsible for the issuing of AELs.

3.1.4. Listed Activities and Minimum Emission Standards

The proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment triggers sub-categories 4.10 of Section 21 of

the NEM:AQA and will require an AEL to operate. An AEL Application will be lodged with the CoE once an

EA is approved and issued by the GDARD for the proposed activity.

Table 3-2: Sub-category 4.10 Foundries

Category of Listed

Activity

Sub-category of

the Listed Activity

Name of the Listed

Activity

Description of the Listed Activity

4 – Metallurgical

Industry

10 Foundries Production and or casting iron, iron ores, steel or

ferro-alloys, including the cleaning of castings and

handling of casting mould materials

The proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment is therefore required to comply with minimum

emission standards for new plants once operations are commenced.

South Africa launched an online national reporting system, referred to as the National Atmospheric

Emissions Inventory System (NAEIS). The NEM: AQA requires all emission source groups identified in

terms of the National Atmospheric Reporting Regulations (Government Gazette No. 38633 of 02 April


2015), to register and report emissions on the NAEIS. The proposed foundry is classified as a section 21

emitter and is thus required to report annually (by 31 March each year) on NAEIS and comply with the

National Atmospheric Reporting Regulations.

3.1.5. National Heritage Resources Act (Act No. 25 of 1999)

The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA), has been established to manage the national

estate and make provision for the establishment of provincial heritage resources authorities to manage

provincial and local heritage resources in terms of section 4(d) of the National Heritage Resources Act (Act

No. 25 of 1999) (referred to as NHRA). As such, all authorities, bodies, and persons, including SAHRA,

performing functions or exercising powers in terms of this Act for the management of heritage resources,

must recognize the principles set out in section 5 and 6 of the NHRA. Various sections in Part 1 of Chapter

II of the NHRA make provision for the protection and management of South African heritage resources. As

such, Chapter II, III, IV, V, and VI of the NAHRA Regulations, 2000, as amended, make provision for the

application process of permits prior to a development impacting on any heritage resource.

The proposed activity is planned to take place in an existing building within the developed (structures and

paving) Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 1526 Roodekop. Although the site is not regarded as a SAHRA

conservation area, the applicant will ensure the NHRA is complied with.

3.1.6. National Road Traffic Act (NRTA) (Act No. 93 of 1996)

The National Road Traffic Act, 1996 (Act No. 93 of 1996) as amended, (NRTA), provides for all road traffic

matters and is applied uniformly throughout South Africa. The Act enforces the necessity of registering and

licensing motor vehicles. It also stipulates requirements regarding the fitness of drivers and vehicles as well

as making provision for the transportation of dangerous goods.

Once the proposed project is operational, it is expected that staff will be driving to and from the site every

workday. No additional authorisations or permits are required in this regard. Dangerous goods (in the form

of chemicals) will be transported to and from the site. As such, the applicant needs to ensure the relevant

licences and signages are in place for all contractors/sub-contractors.

3.1.7. Air Quality Management Plan For The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality

KCS Foundry facility is located within the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (CoE) which has a

by-law specifically relating to air quality management. The air quality management by-law for the CoE was

issued on 25 January 2005 (Report NO: APP/04/EMM-02C). The main goals to be achieved by the CoE

through its development, implementation, review and revision of air quality management plans are as

follows:

• To achieve and sustain acceptable air quality levels throughout Ekurhuleni,

• To minimize the negative impacts of air pollution on health, well-being and the Environment,

• To promote the reduction of greenhouse gases so as to support the council's climate change

protection programmer.

• To reduce the extent of ozone depleting substances in line with national and international

requirements

An air quality management plan can only be successfully implemented and revised with an effective air

quality management system. Air quality guidelines represent an important air quality management tool.


Such guidelines need to include, as a base, guideline or limit values and permissible timeframes for

bringing, air quality into compliance with such values. Other essential tools in any quality management

system are emissions inventory, air quality and metrological monitoring and atmospheric dispersion

modelling.

On the basis of a comprehensive emissions inventory, the application of monitoring, in combination with

modelling, facilitates the effective characterization of spatial and temporal variations in air pollutant

concentrations. Such concentrations are evaluated based on local guideline values to determine the need

for devising emission control strategies. Dispersion modelling is used to predict ambient air pollutant

reductions possible through the implementation of specific emission control strategies. Emission control

strategies may then be selected which are able to ensure compliance with the local guideline value, the

socioeconomic acceptability and technological feasibility of such strategies having been assessed. The

control measures selected need to be enforced, and if the standards are achieved, they need continued

enforcement. If the standards are not achieved after a reasonable period of time (i.e. within the permissible

timeframe to be stipulated), the emission control measures may need to be revised.

With relation to the above, together with the requirements of NEM:AQA, KCS Foundry will apply for

municipal approval through the Air Emissions Licence process.

3.1.8. Ambient Air Quality Standards

Due to the fact that the proposed activity will result in emissions which will need to be governed by an AEL,

the National Ambient Air Quality Standards will need to be considered and adhered to.

National ambient air quality standards, including allowable frequencies of exceedance and compliance

timeframes, were issued by the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs on 24 December 2009 (Table

3-3). National standards for Particulate Matter (PM) – PM2.5 were established by the Minister of Water and

Environmental Affairs on 29 June 2012.

Table 3-3. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Criteria Pollutants.

POLLUTANT AVERAGING PERIOD CONCENTRATION

(µg/m3)

FREQUENCY OF

EXCEEDANCE

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 10 minutes 500 (191) 526

1 hour 350 (134) 88

24 hours 125 (48) 4

1 year 50 (19) 0

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1 hour 200 (106) 88

1 year 40 (21) 0

Particulate Matter (PM10) 24 hours 75 4

1 year 40 0

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 24 hours 40(1)

25(2)

0

1 year 20(1)

15(2)

0

Ozone (O3) 8 hours (running) 120 (61) 11

Benzene (C6H6) 1 year 5 (1.6) 0

Lead (Pb) 1 year 0.5 0


Carbon monoxide (CO) 1 hour 30 000 (26 000) 88

8 hour (calculated on 1

hourly averages)

10 000 (8 700) 11

Notes:

*Values indicated in blue are expressed in PPB.

(1) Compliance required by 1 January 2016 – 31 December 2029.

(2) Compliance required by 1 January 2030.

3.1.9. National Dust Control Regulations (NDCR)

The DEA issued National Dust Control Regulations (NDCR) on 1 November 2013 (Table 3-4). The purpose

of the regulations is to prescribe general measures for the control of dust in all areas. The regulations

prohibit activities which give rise to dust in such quantities and concentrations that the dust fall at the

boundary or beyond the boundary of the premises where it originates exceeds

a) 600 mg/m2/day averaged over 30 days in residential areas measured using reference method

ASTM D1739.

b) 1 200 mg/m2/day averaged over 30 days in non-residential areas measured using reference

method ASTM D1739.

Updated draft NDCR were published on 25 May 2018. The draft regulations prescribe the method that

should be used for undertaking dust fall monitoring, which includes the use of dust bucket stations with a

wind shield.

Table 3-4. South African National Dust Control Regulations

POLLUTANT AVERAGING PERIOD CONCENTRATION (µg/m3)

Residential Areas D < 600 Two within a year, no two sequential

months (2)

Non-residential areas 600 < D < 1200 Two within a year, no two sequential

months (2)

Notes:

1. Averaged over 1 month (30±2-day average) (mg/m2/day)

2. Per dust fall monitoring site.

3.1.10. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

On 14 March 2014, the following six (6) greenhouse gases were declared as priority air pollutants in South

Africa:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2);

• Methane (CH4);

• Nitrous Oxide (N2O);

• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs);

• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and

• Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).


National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Reporting Regulations (Government Gazette No. 40762 of 3

April 2017), were published by the DEA now known as the DEFF. A person identified as a Category A data

provider in terms Annexure 1 of these regulations, must register their facilities by filling in the form under

Annexure 2 and must submit a GHG emissions inventory and activity data in the required format given

under Annexure 3 on an annual basis. All data must be provided annually, by the 31 March of the following

year.

Updated draft National Pollution Prevention Plan Regulations (Draft Gazette No. 40996) were published on

21 July 2017 by the DEA, now known as DEFF. A pollution prevention plan will be required should the

proposed development:

a) Undertake any of the following activities identified in Annexure A of the National GHG Emission

Reporting Regulations (Government Gazette No. 40762 of 3 April 2017), which involves the direct

emission of GHG in excess of 0.1 Megatonnes (Mt) annually measured as carbon dioxide

equivalents (CO2-eq); or

b) Undertake any of the following activities identified in Annexure A of the Draft National Pollution

Prevention Plan Regulations (Gazette No. 40996 of 21 July 2017) as a primary activity.

The proposed KCS Foundry will utilize induction furnaces as opposed to combustion installations and falls

well below the 10MW threshold as per Annexure 1. Therefore, the facility would not be required to provide

a pollution prevention plan nor report on GHG emissions by the 31 March of every year.

3.1.11. Additional Relevant Legislation

• Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act No. 85 of 1993);

• Development Facilitation Act (Act No. 67 of 1995);

• Municipal Systems Act (Act No. 32 of 2000) and

• Applicable local by-laws.

3.2. Key Development Strategies and Guidelines

• Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Solid Waste By-Laws

• Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Water Services By-Law

• Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Provincial Spatial Development Framework

• Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2017/18 to 2020/21

• Air Quality Management Plan for The Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality

4. PROJECT NEED AND DESIRABILITY

The foundry industry plays a significant role in the economic growth of the country through the production

of castings which are an essential component in infrastructure development and many manufacturing

processes. Producing castings locally ensures maximum benefit for the country through the provision of

cheaper products for use in local manufacturing, as well as via the exportation route. The industry is labour

intensive, and thus provides employment for both skilled and unskilled labour during a time when new

employment opportunities are paramount to the reduction of unemployment rates within the country.

KCS Engineering, will contribute towards the national and local economy which will ultimately benefit the

overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Skilled and unskilled labour opportunities will be

created through the proposed activity, which not only provides direct incomes to the employees, but also

indirectly contributes to the surrounding micro-economy through trickle-down economic principles.


A total of 100 new employment opportunities will be created in the operational phase of this activity. KCS

Engineering aims to tackle the need for skills development and upliftment in the foundry industry by

employing a considerable amount of youth members. The activity is located within an established industrial

area (Roodekop) where many industries have ceased operations due to the economic recession in South

Africa. By locating the proposed foundry in this area, it will ensure continued investment in the area and

utilize a workforce likely to come from the surrounding local communities that developed over time to service

the industrial area.

5. PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTION

A general description of the site and surrounding area is outlined in the sub-sections below.

5.1. Locality

The proposed activity will take place within the existing factory buildings facility Portions 3 and 4 of ERF

1526 Roodekop CoE, Gauteng Province. The facility is located within an industrial area and is immediately

surrounded by industrial parks and built up areas (i.e. urban informal and urban residential). Additionally,

grassland, water/wetlands and cultivated land use activities are located around the project site, but not

within 500 m from the site. Train tracks are located approximately 500 m east. The residential areas and

places of interest in close proximity to the site include Roodekop (~560 m southwest), Rondebult 136-IR

(~2.2 km east), Klippoortjie AH (~400 m northeast), Tshongweni (~3.4 km west). The area within 10 km

from the site is generally classified as urban (57% urban and 43% rural).

A map showing the locality of the facility where the proposed activity is to take place, is provided in Figure

5.1 below.


Figure 5-1: KCS Foundry locality map.

Table 5-1: Cadastre Information for Portion 3 of ERF 1526.

ERF No. 1526

Portions 3 and 4

Table 5-2. 21-digit Surveyor General Code of Portions 3 and 4 of ERF 1526.

T 0 1 R 0 5 7 2 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 6 0 0 0 0 3

T 0 1 R 0 5 7 2 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 6 0 0 0 0 4

Table 5-3. Co-ordinates for the KCS Foundry facility.

Corner Latitude Longitude

Corner 1 26°17'56.13"S 28°11'29.72"E

Corner 2 26°17'56.84"S 28°11'27.74"E

Corner 3 26°17'59.18"S 28°11'28.89"E

Corner 4 26°17'58.72"S 28°11'30.45"E

Corner 5 26°17'58.26"S 28°11'29.45"E

Centre Point 26°17'57.82"S 28°11'29.45"E


5.2. Land Use and Zoning

The infrastructure within and around the site includes factories and urban industry buildings, offices,

parking, paved grounds with minimal vegetation. The urban residential areas of Roodekop and Klippoortjie

are approximately 560 m southwest and 400 m northeast from the site respectively (Figure 5-2).

The facility is zoned as “industrial 2” as per the Ekurhuleni Town Planning Scheme, 2014. primary land use

rights include commercial purposes, offices, showrooms, motor dealers, builder’s yards, service industries,

auctioneers. Prohibited land uses includes Noxious industries. Moreover, the immediate surrounding lands

zones consists predominantly of urban built up areas (i.e. urban informal, urban residential and urban

industrial activities). Additionally, grassland, water/wetlands and cultivated land use activities are located

around the project site, but to a limited extent and not within 500 m.

KCS Foundry activity involves noxious emissions and must fall within “Industrial 1” land zone instead.

Primary land use rights include industrial purposes, Industries, Offices, Commercial Purposes, Showrooms,

Motor Dealers, Panel Beaters, Builder’s Yards, Service Industries, Fitment Centres, Motor Workshops,

Light Industries, Auctioneers. Therefore, a rezoning application must be submitted to the CoE in terms of

the City of Ekurhuleni Municipal Planning By-law. KCS Foundry have appointed Breda Lombard Town

Planners as the town planners to lodge an application in this regard (Appendix 9).

Figure 5-2: Map illustrating land zoning surrounding the site.


5.3. Socio-Economic Setting

The size of the economy is an indication of the role and the importance that a local economy plays in the

greater scheme of the economic landscape. To this degree, thought is given to the consideration to which

the CoE contributes monetarily toward the South African and Gauteng economies. The CoE contributes

approximately 8.1% to the South African economy and 23.4% to the economy of Gauteng. The CoE is

generally a highly urbanised municipality with 99.4% of the population residing in urbanised areas (including

informal settlements) with approximately 1.6 million economically active individuals and an unemployment

rate of 28.8% (Census SA, 2011). The study area is surrounded by the residential areas of Roodekop,

Rondebult 136-IR, Klippoortjie AH and Tshongweni. The area within 10 km from the site is generally

classified as urban (57% urban and 43% rural) with a low to medium income generation capacity.

The site is located in region A, one of six regions in Ekurhuleni, as per the Regional Spatial Development

Framework (RSDF) for Region A Ekhurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality Spatial Development Concept. The

region covers approximately 658 square kilometres, which accounts for 34,13% of Ekurhuleni and 3.89%

of Gauteng. Region A is a significant contributor to the local economy in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan

Municipality economic context. Approximately 711 956 people reside in Region A; the area contributes

approximately 3,7% to the national production and has a share of approximately 2.6% of the national

employment. Region A contributes approximately 43.92% to the CoE total economic output and 10.89% to

the total economic output for Gauteng as a whole. Based on 2011 estimates the manufacturing sector and

contributes 22.48% and is consider the second largest sector after finance. Furthermore, manufacturing,

trade and business support services are the most important contributors to economic growth. Ekurhuleni

in general and Region A to somewhat lesser degree flaunts a high manufacturing location quotient, where

manufacturing has a comparative advantage over other areas in South Africa. Region A’s employment

performance is relatively high compared to other metros. Some 324 216 people (i.e. 74.01%) of people

residing in Region A are economically active, with the unemployment siting at 14% (pre-Covid 19 figures).

Manufacturing with its high location quotient, contributes at least 14.75 % share of employment in the

region, compared to the 10.88% national average (Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Muncipality, 2012).

The total number of new employment opportunities to be created in the construction phase of this activity

is 15. This will be broken down into 2 woman, 10 males and 3 youth employees (i.e. under the age of 35).

A total of 100 permeant employment opportunities will be created in the operational phase of the prosed

project. The break down will see 60% of the opportunities created accrue to previously disadvantaged

individuals. KCS Foundry, will contribute towards the national and local economy which will ultimately

benefit the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Skilled and unskilled labour opportunities

will be created through the proposed activity, which not only provides direct incomes to the employees, but

also indirectly as it contributes to the surrounding micro-economy through trickle-down economic principles.

Furthermore, the inclusion of the project within the existing industrial area will add to the viability of the area

and potentially increase investment into the area.

6. DESCRIPTION OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT

The sections below provide an understanding of the environmental context and sensitivity within which the

proposed project activities are located. This assists in understanding the potential impacts associated with

the proposed project. The sections below provide a description of the attributes and key sensitive receptors

with regards to the receiving environment of the study area or area of interest. Where applicable, a

description of the receiving environment in relation to specialist assessment which was undertaken as part

of this scoping/EIA process is provided.


6.1. Topography

The topography surrounding the site is shown by the digital elevation model map in Figure 6-1 below.

Surrounding elevations range from 1397 - 1912m above sea level. The project site is situated at

approximately 1550 m above sea level. The gradient on site is generally flat with a gentle gradient of less

than 1% sloping in a north-northwesterly direction. The Rondebuilt bird sanctuary and associated non-

perennial pan, is located approximately 800 m east of the site, while the perennial Elsburgspruit is located

approximately 2 km north-northwest of the site. This stream flows in a south-westerly direction until is joins

the Natalspruit at about 2.7 km west of the site. No other surface water bodies are present.

Figure 6-1: Digital Elevation Map surrounding KCS Foundry.

6.2. Geology and Soil

The strata in the region of the site falls within the broader Transvaal Supergroup of the Vaalian period of

the Proterozoic era (~2.6 to 2.0 billion years old). The geology of the site falls within the Malmani Subgroup,

within the Chuniespoort Group (Figure 6-2). The Malmani Subgroup is dominated by grey to pink coloured

(with the pink indicative of hydrothermal alteration), dense/massive to poorly bedded, stromatolite-bearing

dolomites and limestones with some local clastic sediments being present (Button, 1973). As such, dolomite

and chert are likely to be underlying the site. There are no faults identified within a 5 km radius of the site.

Although the site is potentially underlain by dolomite, the lack of faults in the vicinity, and the general


integrity of the buildings within the area indicates that the geology is stable and unlikely to impact, or be

impacted upon, by the proposed activity.

The soils in the area are characterized by having a high clay content in the subsoil as opposed to the

topsoil, as a result of pedogenic processes which lead to an argic subsoil horizon Figure 6-3. Lixisols

have low-activity clay and high base saturation at certain depths. The soils are found in a wide variety of

parent materials, notably in unconsolidated, chemically strong weathered, fine textured materials (IUSS

Working Group WRB, 2015). As the activity is to take place aboveground within a developed site, it is

unlikely that the soils will impact, or be impacted upon, by the proposed activity.

Figure 6-2: Geology of the area surrounding the site.


Figure 6-3: Soil characteristics of the development area.

6.3. Climate

Meteorological processes determine the dispersion and dilution potential of pollutants emitted into the

atmosphere. The vertical dispersion of pollution is governed by the stability of the atmosphere as well as

the depth of the surface mixing layer. Horizontal dispersion of pollution is influenced by dominant wind

fields. Therefore, meteorological parameters including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and wind

direction are of significance when looking at pollution dispersion as they will influence the degree to which

pollution will accumulate or disperse in the atmosphere.

As per the Code of Practice for Air Dispersion Modelling in Air Quality Management in South Africa

(Department of Environmental Affairs, 2014), representativeness of the meteorological data is influenced

by the following four factors:

• Proximity of the meteorological site to the area being modelled;

• Complexity of the terrain;

• Exposure of the meteorological measurement site; and

• Period of data collection.

MM5 modelled meteorological data was used for the project area. MM5 meteorological data was obtained

from Lakes Environmental for the period January 2017 to December 2019. MM5 is a PSU/NCAR meso-

scale model used to predict meso-scale and regional-scale atmospheric circulation. The model provides

integrated model meteorological data, which can be used in a wide range of applications. This model is

often used to create weather forecasts and climate projections. Details of the meteorological data obtained

are summarised in Table 6-1 below.


The South African dispersion modelling regulations requires a minimum of 3-years of meteorological data

for input into the dispersion model. The meteorological overview given below is with reference to the data

used for input into the model. The meteorological data is representative of recent prevailing weather

conditions that will likely be experienced at the project site.

Table 6-1: Meteorological Data Details.

Meteorological Data Details

Met Data Information Description

Met data type MM5 AERMET-Ready (Surface & Upper Air Data)

Datum WGS 84

Closest Town Johannesburg - South Africa

Time zone UTC +2 hours

Period of record January 2017 - December 2019

Met Station Parameters

Description

Anemometer height 13 m

Station base elevation 1593 m

Upper air adjustment -2 hours

Grid Cell Information

Co-ordinates of centre met grid 26.298349o S, 28.190635o E

UTM zone -35

Cell dimension 12km x 12km

Surface Met Data Description

Model used to process data for wind roses WR Plot

Wind roses at grid point X: 269.626 km; Y: 6249.623 km)

Upper Air Data Description

Format TD-6201- Fixed Length

Reported in GMT

Output interval 00Z and 12Z

Models used to process met data

Model used to process data for wind roses WR Plot

Model used to process data for AERMOD AERMET

6.3.1. Temperature and Relative Humidity

Temperature affects the formation, action, and interactions of pollutants in various ways. Temperature

provides an indication of the rate of development and dissipation of the mixing layer, which is largely

controlled by surface inversions. Surface temperature inversions play a major role in air quality, especially

during the winter months when these inversions are the strongest. Higher ambient temperatures will

facilitate the dispersion of air pollutants which can result in lower ambient concentrations.

Chemical reaction rates also tend to increase with temperature and the warmer the air, the more water it

can hold and therefore the higher the humidity. When relative humidity exceeds 70%, light scattering by

suspended particles begins to increase, as a function of increased water uptake by the particles. This


results in decreased visibility due to the resultant haze. Many pollutants may also dissolve in water to form

acids.

The province of Gauteng generally experiences a varied climate with warm summers and cold winters.

Monthly average, maximum and minimum temperature and humidity for the period January 2017 to

December 2019 for the proposed foundry are presented in Figure 6-4 and Table 6-2. Average monthly

temperature and relative humidity range from 9.2 – 21.2 ⁰C and 54.91 – 69.31% respectively (Table 3 6).

Table 6-2: Monthly average, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity for January 2017 -

December 2019.

Monthly average, maximum and minimum temperatures (Degree C)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Average 21.05 20.47 19.80 16.31 12.20 9.44 9.16 12.34 15.80 17.78 20.00 21.23

Maximum 31.10 29.10 29.20 27.00 22.4 19.20 19.00 22.00 26.40 29.10 29.60 31.10

Minimum 7.00 11.40 6.90 6.20 1.90 0.10 -1.20 0.10 1.20 4.60 4.10 10.00

Monthly average, maximum and minimum relative humidity (%)


Average 61.72 67.56 62.19 64.51 66.97 68.72 69.31 66.53 61.18 57.72 54.91 59.77

Maximum 100.00 100.00 100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

Minimum 21.00 20.00 20.00 26.00 25.00 23.00 26.00 22.00 20.00 15.00 14.00 16.00

Figure 6-4: Monthly average temperature and relative humidity profiles for the proposed KCS Foundry &

Engineering Facility for the period January 2017 - December 2019.


6.3.2. Precipitation

Precipitation has an overall dilution effect and cleanses the air by washing out particles and pollutants

suspended in the atmosphere. Monthly total rainfall for the proposed foundry for the period January 2017

to December 2019 is presented in Table 6-3 and Figure 6-5.

The area receives most of its rainfall during the spring, summer and early autumn seasons during the

months September to March. Little to no rainfall is observed during the other seasons (particularly April to

August). Removal of pollutants via wet depositional processes would be evident during the spring, summer

and early autumn seasons thus lower ambient concentrations of some pollutants could be expected during

these seasons. Over the remainder of the year higher ambient concentrations of pollutants could be

expected.

Table 6-3: Total monthly rainfall for January 2017 - December 2019.

Total Monthly Rainfall (mm)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Total

2017 277.88

150.37

26.16 6.35 3.05 0.00

0.00

3.81 26.42

106.43

101.35

205.23

907.03

2018 104.39

211.58

165.10

14.22

6.60 0.00

1.27

20.32 38.86

44.20 49.53 80.26 736.35

2019 101.35

204.22

66.04 49.02

0.25 0.00

0.00

0.51 28.45

32.51 109.73

271.02

863.09

Figure 6-5: Total monthly rainfall (mm) for the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility for the period

January 2017 - December 2019.

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0


Ra

infa

ll (m

m)

Month

Rainfall (mm)2016 to 2018

2016 2017 2018 Average


6.4. Biodiversity and Vegetation

According to the SANBI Vegetation Map (Figure 6-6), the Carletonville Dolomite Grassland (CDG) is the

natural vegetation of the development area. This vegetation type is found mainly in North-West and

Gauteng, and marginally occurring in Free State Provinces. It occurs on a varying altitude ranging between

1 360–1 620 masl (Mucina & Rutherford , 2006).

Conservation status of Carletonville Dolomite Grassland is Vulnerable. A small extent is conserved in

statutory reserves such as the Sterkfontein Caves—part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site

and at least six private conservation areas. Carletonville Dolomite Grassland is characterized by moderately

undulating plains dissected by rocky chert ridges. The vegetation type is characterized by the presence of

species such as Brachycorythis conica subsp. transvaalensis, Khadia beswickii, Aristida congesta and

numerous herbaceous forbs and other grasses (Rouget, et al., 2004). While the conservation target is

24%, only a small portion is protected and 23% is considered as transformed, mostly by cultivation (17%),

urbanization (4%), forestry (1%) and mining (1%). (Mucina & Rutherford , 2006). The site is located

approximately 600 m SE from a Critical Biodiversity Area (CBA) (i.e. the Ronderbult Bird Sanctuary).

A low sensitivity is associated with the terrestrial biodiversity of the area as per the DEFF screening tool;

therefore, the site can be deemed to have no compelling impact on biodiversity sensitivities. There are no

areas of pristine grassland present on site and the proposed activities will be taking place within an existing

facility with minimal alterations to existing structures planned for the proposed activity.

Figure 6-6: Vegetation type (Carletonville Dolomite Grassland) of the project site.


6.5. Surface water

According to the national wetland lands map 4 (National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Areas map) there

are several natural wetland and rivers in the area, however they are all well beyond the 500m buffer. A low

sensitivity is associated with the aquatic biodiversity of the area as per the DEFF screening tool. The

Rondebuilt bird sanctuary and associated non-perennial pan, is located approximately 800 m east of the

site, while the perennial Elsburgspruit is located approximately 2 km north-northwest of the site. This stream

flows in a south-westerly direction until is joins the Natalspruit at about 2.7 km west of the site. No other

surface water bodies are present. (Figure 6-7).

Figure 6-7: Map illustrating Surface Water features surrounding the development site.

6.6. Heritage

A high sensitivity for archaeological and cultural heritage is associated with the proposed site as per the

DEFF screening tool because of the protected area (i.e. the Ronderbult Bird Sanctuary) within 1 km from

the site. The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA), shows that the proposed development

site is situated further than 2km from the nearest heritage sites which include: Redan Rock Engraving Site,

Freedom Park, Meyer Dwelling, Meeyersdal, Alberton District, Chris Hani Memorial and Walk of

Remembrance and the Grave Number A1 – Chris Hani Grave. As the site is located within an existing

industrial area and is located a significant distance from the Heritage sites, it is improbable that the proposed

activity could render any significant impact on these sites.


Figure 6-8: Heritage sites in relation to the KCS Foundry facility.

6.7. Ambient Air quality

The current air quality of surrounding the site is expected to be negatively affected by the surrounding

industrial and commercial concerns. As the activity is expected to emit emissions and thus is considered to

be cumulatively impacting on the air quality of the area, an Air Quality Impact Assessment (AQIA) will be

undertaken by air quality specialists Rayten Engineering Solutions (Pty) Ltd (Rayten).

Using information obtained from Rayten, a background to the current air quality situation of the area

surrounding the site is described below.

6.7.1. Sensitive Receptors

A sensitive receptor is defined as a person or place where involuntary exposure to air pollutants released

by the site’s activities could take place. Identified urban/residential areas and sensitive receptors which are

located within 10 km of the proposed facility are given in Figure 6-9 below.


Figure 6-9. Sensitive receptors surrounding proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility.

6.7.2. Local Wind Field

Figure 6-10 below provides the wind rose plot for the proposed foundry for the period January 2017 to

December 2019. The predominant wind directions for the period are observed from the north, north-north-

west and north-north-east. Wind speeds for the three-year period are generally moderate to fast with calm

conditions, defined as wind speeds less than 1 m/s, observed for 11.05% of the time.

During the morning (AM) period, high frequency winds are observed from the north, north-north-east and

north-north-west; while during the evening (PM) period, winds are predominantly observed from the north-

north-west, north, and north-west.

During summer and spring, prevailing winds are observed from the north and north-north-east; during the

autumn and winter seasons, north-north-westerly and northerly winds prevail. Wind speeds were generally

high during all seasons, with greater variation in winds being observed during autumn and winter. Based

on the prevailing wind fields for the period January 2017 to December 2019, emissions from operations at

the proposed foundry will likely be transported towards the southerly, south-south-easterly, and south-

south-westerly quadrants. Moderate to fast wind speeds observed during all time periods may result in

effective dispersion and dilution of emissions from the proposed foundry.


January 2017 – December 2019

2017

2018

2019

Figure 6-10: Period wind rose plots for the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility for the period January 2017 - December 2019

6.7.3. Baseline Air Quality Concentrations

The existing air quality situation was evaluated using available monitoring data for PM10, SO2, CO, NO2

and O3 from a permanent ambient air quality monitoring station (AQMS), i.e. Thokoza AQMS (-

26.329515°S, 28.14299°E) located approximately 6km south-west of the proposed foundry. The ambient

air quality monitoring data covers the period 01 January 2017 – 31 December 2019.


Dust fall data could not be provided in the AQIA report as there are no available dust-fall networks operated

near the project site. It is anticipated that background criteria air pollutant concentrations in the area could

be high due to existing industrial activity in surrounding areas, solid fuel combustion in informal settlements

taking place in the area, vehicle activity on surrounding roads, mine tailings facilities, and refuse dumps.

6.7.3.1. PM10 Concentrations

For period 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 daily average PM10 concentrations for the period range

between 0.065 μg/m3 – 324.09 µg/m3, with an average of 71.44 µg/m3. A total of 191 exceedances of the

PM10 daily standard of 75 µg/m3 were observed over the monitoring period. This is expected due to existing

PM10 sources located in the area, such as solid fuel combustion in the townships/informal settlements,

industrial activities, vehicle emissions and mine tailings facilities.

Annual average PM10 concentrations range between 21.83 µg/m3 – 93.88 µg/m3 for the period, exceeding

the annual standard of 40 µg/m3 for years 2018 and 2019. Higher PM10 concentrations were observed

between May – September (late autumn, winter, and early spring), with the highest daily concentration

being recorded on 29 July 2019 (324.709 µg/m3).

In terms of the South African NAAQS, 4 exceedances of the PM10 24-hour standard are permitted within

a calendar year, while no exceedances of the PM10 annual standard are permitted.

6.7.3.2. SO2 Concentrations

For period 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 hourly and daily average SO2 concentrations for the

period range between 0.00 ppb – 369.8 ppb and 0.002 ppb – 33.71 ppb respectively, with average hourly

and daily concentrations of 6.72 ppb and 7.01 ppb, respectively. While no exceedances of the daily

standard of 48 ppb were observed over the monitoring period, two exceedances of the SO2 hourly standard

of 134 ppb were recorded. Existing sources of SO2 within 20km radius of the proposed foundry include

solid fuel combustion in the townships/informal settlements, vehicle exhaust emissions from surrounding

roads, and industrial activities.

Annual average concentrations range between 6.16 ppb – 7.51 ppb for the years 2017 – 2019. Higher SO2

concentrations were observed between May – July (late autumn and winter seasons), with the highest daily

concentration being recorded on 30 July 2019 (33.71 ppb).

In terms of the South African NAAQS, a total of 88 exceedances of the SO2 hourly standard are permitted

within a calendar year, while only four exceedances of the SO2 24-hour standard are permitted. No

exceedances of the SO2 annual standard are permitted within a calendar year.

6.7.3.3. NO2 Concentrations

For period 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 hourly and daily average NO2 concentrations for the

period range between 0.00 ppb – 132.19 ppb and 8.18 ppb – 20.61 pp, respectively, with average hourly

and annual concentrations of 20.21 ppb and 14.40 ppb, respectively. Seven exceedances of the hourly

standard (106 ppb) were recorded, while no exceedances of the annual standard (21 ppb) were recorded.

The highest hourly concentration was recorded on 14 September 2017 at 19:00 (132.19 ppb). Existing

sources of NO2 within 20km radius of the proposed foundry include vehicle exhaust emissions from

surrounding roads, and industrial activities.


Monthly average NO2 concentration trends could not be accurately predicted for the project site as there

was no data recorded between April – August throughout the monitoring period.

In terms of the South African NAAQS, a total of 88 exceedances of the NO2 hourly standard are permitted

within a calendar year, while no exceedances of the NO2 annual standard are permitted.

6.7.3.4. CO Concentrations

For period 01 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 hourly and 8-hourly average CO concentrations for the

period range between 0.00 ppb – 7 647 ppb and 36.5 ppb – 2 186 ppb, respectively with an average hourly

and 8-hourly concentrations of 519.51 ppb and 508.32 ppb, respectively. No exceedances of the applicable

hourly (26 000 ppb) and 8-hourly standards (8 700 ppb) were recorded.

Existing sources of CO within 20km radius of the proposed foundry include vehicle exhaust emissions from

surrounding roads, and solid fuel combustion in nearby informal settlements. Monthly average CO

concentration trends could not be accurately predicted for the project site as there was no data recorded

between March – September throughout the monitoring period.

In terms of the South African NAAQS, a total of 88 exceedances of the CO hourly standard are permitted

within a calendar year, while 11 exceedances of the CO 8-hourly standard are permitted.

6.7.4. Surrounding Sources of Air Pollution

Existing key sources of air pollution surrounding the proposed KCS Foundry facility were identified during

a desktop exercise and were identified to be:

• Urban industrial activities; and

• Urban informal settlement domestic fuel combustion activities

In addition to the existing key sources of pollution, refuse/waste dumps, mine extraction sites (including

tailings storage facilities) and smalllholdings also to a small extent, contribute to the emissions observed

around the project site.

Figure 6-11 below shows the identified surrounding emission sources within 10km of the KCS Foundry

facility.


Figure 6-11: Identified surrounding emission sources within 10km of the proposed KCS Foundry & Engineering Facility.


6.8. Traffic

The site is accessed via Aberdein street and is characterized by low-medium traffic volumes. Traffic is

free flowing with no traffic lights within 100m of the site. A large number of vehicles and trucks utilize

the street as there are other industrial activities taking place along Aberdein street. No additional traffic

congestion is expected as a result of the ongoing activity. Minor traffic disruptions may occur, although

unexpected, should the site undergo a Decommissioning Phase.

6.9. Visual Aspects

The site is located within an existing industrial area that is characterized by paved surfaces, buildings,

walling/fencing, roads and un-natural lighting. The proposed activity is considered to be in line with the

“sense of place” of the area. Furthermore, as all activities are to take place within an existing building,

there will be no changes to the visual environment, thus no further assessment is required.

6.10. Noise

Existing noise levels in the area are mainly as a result of industrial and commercial concerns, as well

as motor vehicle traffic. The proposed activity is not expected to add to the noise currently experienced

at the site and is in line with the industrial activities and zoning of the surrounding area. As such, no

further noise assessment is required.

7. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS

This section aims to identify potentially significant impacts (either negative/positive and/or cumulative)

which may occur as a result of the proposed activity, and whether these impacts require further

assessment or specialist input in the EIA phase. Furthermore, it describes the methodology to be

utilised in the qualitative assessment of the identified impacts.

7.1. Environmental Issues and Potential Impacts

The proposed activity is likely to result in a variety of positive and negative impacts. Additionally, the

proposed project could potentially result in collective and long-term impacts known as cumulative

impacts. A cumulative impact is the impact of an activity that, in itself, may not be significant but may

become significant when added to the existing and potential impacts eventuating from similar or diverse

activities or undertakings in the area.

As the proposed activity is to take place within an existing building where minimum alteration of the

existing building structures is required. Therefore, the relevant impacts associated with the construction

and operational phase which will receive a detailed qualitative assessment during the EIA phase are

listed in the table below:

Figure 7-1: Potential impacts of the construction phase of the proposed activity.

Environmental Aspect Potential Impact Additional investigations/ EIA

inclusions

Air quality No additional air quality impacts during construction. • No further assessment

Waste General solid waste and

hazardous waste

• Qualitative assessment

• EMPr

Fire and explosion Possible fire hazard due to the installation of furnaces,

equipment and chemicals.


• EMPr

Social and socio-economic

Impacts Possible positive impacts through the economies of scale. • Qualitative assessment

Safety and Security Possible impacts due to site operations and the nature of

the products on site.


• EMPr

Resource usage Electricity usage. • Qualitative assessment


• EMPr

Noise generation No associated impacts due to existing facility within an

industrial area. • No further assessment

Traffic congestion

Traffic not expected to be affected due to current traffic

volumes attributed to the existing facility and associated

activities.

• No further assessment

Visual Impact No additional visual impacts due to existing facility within

an industrial area. • No further assessment

Surface water No surface water bodies located within 500 m of the

proposed facility. • No further assessment

Soil No impacts identified as the site is within a fully

developed industrial area. • No further assessment

Fauna and flora No impacts identified as the site is within a fully


Cultural/Heritage Impacts None identified as the site is within an existing industrial

area. • No further assessment

Table 7-1: Potential impacts of the operational phase of the proposed activity.

Environmental Aspect Potential Impact Additional investigations/ EIA

inclusions

Air quality Emissions from furnaces

Potential cumulative impacts within industrial area

• Specialist AQIA


• EMPr

Waste General solid waste

Hazardous waste


• EMPr

Fire and explosion Possible fire hazard due to furnaces, equipment and

chemicals.


• EMPr

Social and socio-economic

Impacts Possible positive impacts through the economies of scale. • Qualitative assessment

Safety and Security Possible impacts due to site operations and the nature of

the products on site.


• EMPr

Resource usage Electricity usage

Water usage


• EMPr

Noise generation No associated impacts due to existing facility within an

industrial area. • No further assessment

Traffic congestion

Traffic not expected to be affected due to current traffic

volumes attributed to the existing facility and associated

activities.

• No further assessment

Sanitation No associated impacts due to existing facilities on site. • No further assessment

Visual Impact The visual impact during operation is in line with that

currently experienced with the existing facility. • No further assessment

Surface water No surface water bodies located within 500 m of the

proposed facility. • No further assessment

Soil No impacts identified as the site is within a fully


Fauna and flora No impacts identified as the site is within a fully


Cultural/Heritage Impacts None identified as the site is within an existing industrial

area. • No further assessment

7.2. Mitigation

Where negative impacts are identified, mitigation measures to reduce impacts, will be considered and

advised. The qualitative assessment of the identified impacts will include an indication of the potential

success of the mitigation measures in reducing the overall significance of the impact.


7.3. Methodology for Assessing Impacts

Impacts of the proposed project on the relevant environmental sensitivities, where relevant, have been

quantified using the EIA methodology detailed in Table 7-2 below. This EIA methodology assists in

evaluating the overall effect of the proposed activity on the environment. The determination of the effect

of an environmental impact on an environmental parameter have been determined through a systematic

analysis of the various components of each impact. The evaluation of predicted impacts has been

undertaken through an assessment of the significance of the impacts. Where required, the proposed

mitigation measure have been detailed.

7.3.1. Determining Significance of Impacts

Table 7-2 below provides an explanation of the parameters used to determine the significance of an

impact, as well as what “significance” means in the context of this impact assessment. Significance is

an indication of the importance of the impact in terms of both physical extent and time scale, and

therefore indicates the level of mitigation required. The total number of points scored for each impact

indicates the level of significance of the impact.

Table 7-2: Description of parameters used to establish impact significance.

Extent = E (The area over which the proposed impact will be

experienced).

5: International

4: National

3: Regional

2: Local

1: Site

Reversibility = R (The degree to which the proposed impact can

be reversed upon completion of the proposed development/

activity).

4: Irreversible

3: Barely Reversible

2: Partly Reversible

1: Completely Reversible

Status of Impact

+: Positive (A benefit to the receiving environment)

N: Neutral (No cost or benefit to the receiving environment)

-: Negative (A cost to the receiving environment)

Magnitude = M (The severity of the proposed

development/activity).

5: Very high/ don’t know

4: High

3: Moderate

2: Low

1: Minor

0: Not applicable/none/negligible

Duration = D (The timeframe for which the proposed impact will

be experienced).

5: Permanent

4: Long-term (ceases with the operational life)

3: Medium-term (5-15 years)

2: Short-term (0-5 years)

1: Immediate

0: Not applicable/none/negligible

Probability = P (The likelihood / degree of certainty of the

proposed impact occurring).

5: Definite/don’t know

4: Highly probable

3: Medium probability

2: Low probability

1: Improbable

Cumulative Effect = C (The impact of the proposed development/

activity on the environmental parameter being assessed when

added to other existing or potential impacts).

4: High Cumulative Impact

3: Medium Cumulative Impact

2: Low Cumulative Impact

1: No Cumulative Impact

0: Not applicable

Loss of Resources = L (The degree to which a given

resource will be lost as a result of the proposed development

/ activity.)

4: Complete Loss of Resources

3: Intermediate Loss of Resources

2: Low loss of resources

1: No Loss of resources

Significance will be determined through the Marang methodology for determining significance. Significance will be determined

through a synthesis of the assessed impact characteristics. Significance is an indication of the importance of the impact in terms

of both physical extent and time scale, and therefore indicates the level of mitigation required. This describes the significance of

the impact on the environmental parameter. The calculation of the significance of an impact uses the following formula:

(Extent + probability + reversibility + loss of resources+ duration + cumulative effect) x magnitude/intensity.


The summation of the different criteria will produce a non-weighted value. By multiplying this value with the magnitude/intensity,

the resultant value acquires a weighted characteristic which can be measured and assigned a significance rating.

Significance

Environmental Significance Points Colour Code

High (positive) >90 H

Medium (positive) 30 to 90 M

Low (positive) <30 L

Neutral 0 N

Low (negative) <-30 L

Medium (negative) -30 to -90 M

High (negative) >-90 H

7.3.2. Impact Rating System

The impact assessment must take account of the nature, scale and duration of effects on the

environment and whether such effects are positive (beneficial) or negative (detrimental). The rating

system is applied to the potential impact on the receiving environment and includes an objective

evaluation of the mitigation of the impact. Impacts have been consolidated into one rating. An example

of the impact assessment table used to assess the environmental impact associated with the proposed

project are detailed below in Table 7-3.

Table 7-3: Example of impact assessment table.

IMPACT RATING TABLE FORMAT

Item Description Pre-mitigation

impact rating

Post mitigation

impact rating

Environmental Parameter Description of environmental impact

Extent (E) Description of the area over which the proposed

impact will be experienced.

2 1

Probability (P) Description of the likelihood/degree of certainty of

the proposed impact occurring.

4 2

Reversibility (R)

Description of the degree to which the proposed

impact can be revered upon completion of the

proposed development / activity.

2 1

Loss of Resources (L)

Description of the degree to which a given

resource will be lost as a result of the proposed

development / activity.

4 1

Duration (D)

Description of the time frame for which the

proposed impact will be experienced.

5 0

Cumulative Effect (C)

Description of the impact of the proposed

development / activity on the environmental

parameter being assessed when added to other

existing or potential impacts.

4 0

Magnitude or Intensity (M)

Description of the severity of the proposed

development / activity.

5 2

Environmental

Significance Points

Description of the importance of the proposed

impact which indicates the Mitigation required.

- 105 (High

negative)

+ 10 (Low positive)

Mitigation Measures Detail the mitigation measures required to reduce the impacts that will arise from the proposed

development / activity. The measures mentioned will be detailed in the EMPR as well.

Marang’s Impact Rating Methodology is also presented in Appendix 7.

8. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Public participation is a fundamental aspect of any impact assessment process. The Public Participation

Process (PPP) followed for the EA Application will be conducted according to Section 41 of the NEMA

EIA Regulations. The PPP includes the provision of sufficient and transparent information on an ongoing

basis to stakeholders to allow them to comment and ensuring the participation of all interested and

affected parties (I&APs).


The PPP is based on two primary factors; firstly, ongoing interaction with concerned organs of state,

environmental specialists and the technical teams to achieve integration of technical assessment and

public participation throughout. Secondly, to obtain the bulk of the issues to be addressed early in the

process, with the latter half of the process designed to provide environmental and technical evaluation

of these issues. Findings will be presented to stakeholders, giving them the opportunity to give further

comments and verify all captured comments.

The primary aims of the PPP are:

▪ To inform I&APs and key stakeholders of the proposed development.

▪ To initiate meaningful and timeous participation of I&APs.

▪ To identify issues and concerns of key stakeholders and I&APs with regards to the proposed

development

▪ To promote transparency and an understanding of the proposed project and its potential

environmental impacts.

▪ To provide information used for decision-making.

▪ To provide a structure for liaison and communication with I&APs and key stakeholders.

▪ To assist in identifying potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed

development.

▪ To ensure inclusivity (the views, needs, interests, and values of I&APs must be considered in

the decision-making process).

▪ To focus on issues relevant to the project and issues considered important by I&APs and key

stakeholders.

▪ To provide responses to I&AP queries.

▪ To encourage co-regulation, shared responsibility and a sense of ownership.

The stages that typically form part of the public participation process during the Scoping and EIA phases

are reflected in the figure below.


Figure 8-1: Typical EIA process

8.1. Public Participation Process

As per the NEMA EIA Regulations, Disaster Management Act 2020 (Act No.57 of 2002) and the

approved public participation plan (Appendix 6F), the following public participation has taken place:

8.1.1. Site notice

A site notice was affixed to the entrance of the facility on 03 August 2020. A copy of the site notice is

included in Appendix 6A. Proof of the site notices as erected will be included in the Final Scoping Report.

8.1.2. Newspaper advertisement

Public notification of the EIA process was advertised in two newspapers, namely; Daily Sun and

Germiston City News, on the 19th and 21st of October 2020, respectively. Proof of this is included in

Appendix 6B.


8.1.3. Background information document

A Background information document (BID) was compiled at the commencement of the project detailing

the proposed project and the EIA process to be followed. The BID was sent to all registered I&APs and

Key Stakeholders. Proof of this is also included in Appendix 6D.

8.1.4. Written notice

Written notices will were emailed to the adjacent properties and surrounding properties within 100 m of

the site (Appendix 6E) on the 22nd of October 2020.

8.1.5. Social Media

The Scoping report will be made available for download on Marang’s website and social media

platforms where relevant.

8.1.6. Register of interested and affected parties

A register of I&APs will be maintained and updated throughout the EIA process. The register is

presented in Appendix 6C.

8.1.7. Comments register

All written comments received from I&APs during this EIA process will be recorded in the comments

register. If relevant, a Comments and Responses Report will be compiled. This report will provide a

summary of the issues raised, as well as responses which were provided to I&APs. The information will

be incorporated into the relevant impacts in both the Final Scoping Report and the subsequent EIA

reports.

No I&AP comments have been received to date.

8.1.8. Scoping Report comment period

The Scoping Report will be released for at least thirty (30)-day public review and comment period from

the 22nd of October 2020. A copy of the Scoping Report and Background Information Document will be

available for public review.

Copies have also been sent to the CoE and the GDARD authorities for review.

Reminder notifications will be sent to all registered I&APs regarding the open, and close of the review

periods.


8.2. Authority Review of the Scoping Report (SR)

In terms of section 40 (2) of the 2014 EIA Regulations (as amended), public participation must include consultation with “organs of state which have jurisdiction

in respect of the activity to which the application relates”.

Table 8-1 below includes all the organs of state who will be e-mailed the DSR and sent electronic copies (on CD) of the full report including all appendices.

Telephonic and email follow-up with stakeholders will be done in order to provide them with ample opportunity to comment.

Table 8-1: Authorities follow-up consultation.

DISTRIBUTION TO ORGANS OF STATE/AUTHORITIES FOR COMMENT

Name Surname Company/Department Position Email Address

CITY OF EKURHULENI (CoE)

Thabang Mokoena City of Ekurhuleni Divisional Head: Compliance [email protected]

Lilian Kwakwa City of Ekurhuleni Impact Management: [email protected]

GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (GDARD)

Steven Makhula GDARD Impact Management [email protected]

WARD COUNCILOR

Marina van Wyk City of Ekurhuleni Ward Councillor Ward Councillor [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


9. PLAN OF STUDY FOR EIA

The purpose of the Plan of Study (PoS) is to outline the approach and methodology that will be used

by Marang for the EIA phase of the application. This PoS has compiled in accordance with Appendix 2

of EIA Regulations.

9.1. Objectives of the EIA Phase

• Address the issues and concerns expressed by the environmental authorities and I&APs in

response to the Scoping Report.

• Assess the potential significant impacts posed by the project and assess alternatives and

mitigation measures to minimise potential impacts.

• Ensure specialist studies are conducted, where relevant, in accordance with the required

methodology.

• Engage with I&APs and Key Stakeholders to ensure a sufficient and transparent public

participation process.

• Document findings into an Environmental Impact Report in order to inform the authorities with

regard to issuing an environmental authorisation.

• Compile an Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) for the relevant phases of the

proposed activity.

9.2. Environmental Issues to be Addressed in the EIA Phase

The environmental impacts identified during the scoping phase that are to be addressed in the EIA

phase include:

• Ambient air quality – Specialist study

• Non-renewable resource usage

• Waste management

• Socio-economic

• Fire hazards

• Safety and security

As the activity will take place within an existing facility in a well-developed industrial area, no further

specialist studies are envisaged to be required.

9.3. Specialist Studies

The specialist studies will be required to follow a defined and logical methodology relevant to their field

of expertise. The specialist assessment must take any I&AP concerns into consideration and be

required to provide input that is relevant and unambiguous. Furthermore, specialists are required to

evaluate all the alternative and provide mitigation measures that may be included in the EMPr.

9.4. Authority Consultation

The stages at which the competent authority will be consulted are as follows:

• Submission and commenting on Final Scoping Report (Scoping Phase);

• Submission of Draft EIAr and Draft EMPr for comment;

• Submission of the Final EIAr and Draft EMPr with comments; and

• Response from competent authority regarding acceptance of Final EIAr and Final EMPr and

relevant Environmental Authorisation.


Additional consultation may occur with the GDARD during the EIA process should the need arise.

9.5. Public Participation – EIA Phase

Public participation will continue throughout the EIA phase of the project. Actions to be undertaken will

include:

• Informing registered I&AP’s and Stakeholders of the acceptance of the Scoping Report by

GDARD.

• Maintenance of the I&AP Register.

• Updating the Comments Register where relevant.

• Notifying registered I&AP’s of the availability of the draft EIA for review and comment.

• Providing a copy of the Draft EIA report to the relevant key stakeholders and Organs of State

for review.

• Providing a copy of the Draft EIA report to the local library for public review.

• Notifying registered I&AP’s of the final EIA report submission to the GDARD.

• Notifying I&AP’s of the Environmental Authorisation or Refusal of Authorisation and the relevant

appeal period and process.

9.6. Programme for the EIA Phase

9.6.1. EIA Report

An EIA report is to be compiled based on the requirements of Appendix 3 of the EIA Regulations and

will include, but not be limited to, the following:

• All relevant details of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP).

• A detailed description of the proposed activity including layout and design plans.

• A description of the proposed project site.

• A description of the biophysical and social environment, which may be affected by the project.

• Details of the public participation process.

• Consideration of the need and desirability of the project.

• Significance Assessment Methodology.

• Assessment of alternatives.

• Specialist study summary.

• A description of the identified impacts and the assessment thereof with and without impact

mitigation.

• EAP project opinion.

• Environmental Impact Statement

9.6.2. Environmental Management Programme

An Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) is a detailed plan for the implementation of

mitigation measures to minimize the negative environmental impacts highlighted in the EIA Report.

The EMPr for this project will compiled during the EIA phase and will include environmental monitoring

plans specifying how planning, operation and decommissioning of the project is to be carried out. The

EMPr will include the actions required to ensure that all the environmental impacts are managed for the

duration of the project’s lifecycle and will ensure environmental good practice. The Operation Phase

mitigation measures will require more detailed work in interpreting the EIA and the AQIA specialist

report.


The EMPr will be in line with Appendix 4 of the EIA Regulations. It will be included with the EIAr for

submission to the adjudicating authority.

The structure of the EMP will be as follows:

Table 9-1: Typical EMPr layout.

Phase of Development

Impact Identified

Objectives Mitigation Intended

Monitoring Responsible Person

Type Frequency

9.6.3. EIA timeline

The various stages of the EIA process and the expected timeline is presented in the table below. Please

note that the dates may be subject to change.

Table 9-2: Stages of the EIA process and timeframes

Stage of EIA Responsible Entity Start Date Finish Date

Submission of application form and Scoping report to GDARD

❖ Marang

❖ Applicant

❖ GDARD

October 2020

Scoping report comment ❖ Marang

❖ I&APS

❖ Key Stakeholders

❖ Authorities

October 2020

Submission of Scoping Report for authority review

❖ Marang

❖ GDARD

November 2020

Decision on Scoping Report ❖ GDARD December 2020 January 2021

Draft EIA report for comment ❖ Marang

❖ I&APS

❖ Key Stakeholders

❖ Authorities

January 2021 February 2021

Submission of Final EIA report ❖ Marang

❖ GDARD

February 2021

Authority review and decision ❖ GDARD February 2021 June 2021

I&AP notification period ❖ Marang June 2021


10. CONCLUSION

This report details the findings of the Scoping Phase of the application for the proposed installation and

operation of foundry equipment at KCS Foundry and provides a way forward for the EIA phase through

the plan of study for EIA. Pertinent environmental issues have been identified for further analysis in the

EIA phase. Identified negative impacts may be mitigated to reduce their significance, and a detailed

management plan will be developed.

Although the proposed activity may have some impacts on humans and the environment, the activity is

to take place within an existing facility in a developed industrial area, and as such is considered to have

generally low ecological significance. Furthermore, no fatal flaws were identified during the scoping

phase in terms of the proposed activity that would prevent the assessment from proceeding to the EIA

phase. As such, Marang suggests that the project proceeds to the assessment phase.


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Department of Environmental Affairs, 2014. Regulations Regading Air Dispersion Modelling (Code of

Practice for Air Dispersion Modelling in Air Quality Managemnt in South Africa), Gazzette No. 37804,

No. R533, in terms of the National Environmental Mangemnt:Air Quality Mangagement Act 2004,

Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs.

Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Muncipality, 2012. Regional Spatial Development Framework For Region A,

Johannesburg : Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Muncipality.

Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, 2015. Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework 2015,

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operation of a foundry (i.e. KCS Foundry & Engineering) located on Aberdein Street, Roodekop,

Germiston, Gauteng Province, Johannesburg : s.n.

Mucina, L. & Rutherford , M. C., 2006. The vegetation of South Africa,. Pretoria: SANBI.

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Assessment Technical Report Volume 1: Terrestrial Component, Pretoria: SANBI.

South African Council for Stratigraphy (SACS), 1980. Stratigraphy of South Africa, Part 1.

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proposed installation and operation of foundry equipment ... foundry [email protected]...

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