project on country
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Country Name: CanadaCapital : Ottawa
Currency : Canadian dollar (CAD)
Submitted by Tejal A. GawandRoll o. 18 (finance)
Submitted to Prof. Chougule.
Date: 9th sep 2011
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Largest city Toronto Official language English and French Legislature Parliament Canada is the second largest country in the
world, smaller only to Russia. Population: 28 million people Geographic size: 3.9 million square miles
Capital: Ottawa Major cities and population: Toronto, Montreal,Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg,Halifax
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One of the world's highly developed countries, Canada has adiversified economy that is reliant upon its abundant naturalresources and upon trade
Canada is one of the world's wealthiest nations, with a high per-
capita income. Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters
of energy. The growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has
transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a moreindustrial and urban one
Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agriculturalproducts; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most importantproducers of wheat, canola, and other grains
Canada is an industrial nation with a highly developed science andtechnology sector. Nearly 1.88 percent of Canada's GDP isallocated to research & development (R&D)
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GDP (PPP) 2010 estimates$1.330 trillions, per capital $39,057 GDP (nominal) - 2010 estimates$1.574 trillions, per capital $46,215 Canada is one of the world's wealthiestnations, with a high per-capita income. It is a member of the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) and the G8, and is
one of the world's top ten trading nations.
Canada is a mixed economy, ranking above the U.S. andmost western European nations on the HeritageFoundation's index of economic freedom.
The largest foreign importers of Canadian goods are theUnited States, the United Kingdom, and Japan
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Rank 10th (nominal) / 14th (PPP) GDP $1.696 trillion (2011 1st quarter) (US$14.12
trillion) GDP growth 5.6% (2009/Q1 to 2010/Q1) GDP per capita PPP: $43,100 (2008)
(US$41,016) GDP by sector
agriculture (2.3%), industry(26.4%),services (71.3%) (2009 est.)
Inflation (CPI) 1.6% (2010 est.)
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CAD = Canadian Dollar
INR = Indian Rupee
USD= United states Dollar 1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) = 46.56 Indian Rupee
(INR)
1 Indian Rupee (INR) = 0.021 Canadian Dollar
(CAD) 1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) = 1.011 US Dollar (USD)
1 US Dollar (USD) = 0.989 Canadian Dollar (CAD)
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Exports $406.8 billion (2010 est.) Export goods motor vehicles and parts, industrial
machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment,electronics, chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber,
crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminium Main export partners U.S. 75.02%, UK 3.37%, China 3.09% (2009) Imports $406.4 billion (2010 est.) Import goods machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and
parts, electronics, crudeoil, chemicals, electricity, durableconsumer goods
M
ain import partners U.S. 51.1%, China 10.88%, Mexico4.56%(2009) FDI stock $528.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.) Gross external debt $1.009 trillion (30 June 2010) Foreign reserves US$63.019 billion (April 2011)
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Public debt$519.1 billion CAD (Federal, 31-Mar-2010) B
udget deficit$55.6 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10) Revenues$218.6 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10)Expenses$274.2 billion CAD (Federal, 2009-10)
Economic aid$4.1 billion (donor) (2010)
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Transportation equipment,
chemicals,
processed and unprocessed minerals, food products,
wood and paper products,
fish products,
petroleum and natural gas
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In the past century, the growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectorshas transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a more industrial andurban one. Like other First World nations, the Canadian economy is dominated bythe service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians.Canada isunusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in
which the logging and petroleum industries are two of the most important.
Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy.Atlantic Canada has vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta has largeoil and gas resources. The immense Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world'ssecond-largest oil reserves, behind Saudi Arabia.
Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the
Canadian Prairies are one of the most important producers of wheat, canola, andother grains. Canada is the largest producer of zinc and uranium, and is a globalsource of many other natural resources, such as gold, nickel, aluminium, andlead. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, aresustainable because of nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada also has asizable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, withautomobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries.
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Participation ininternational organization
ABEDA, ACCT, ACS (observer), AfDB, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C,CCC, CDB (non-regional), Council of Europe (observer),Commonwealth of Nations, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, LaFrancophone,G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICJ, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,IMO,Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, Kyoto
Protocol, LRTAP,MI
NURCA,MI
NURSO,MI
PONUH
,M
ONUC, NAM
(guest), NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NORAD North American Aerospace Defence
Command, NORTHCOM, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNSecurity Council (prior/temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNECE, UNESCO,
UNFICYP,UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET,UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU,WHO, WIPO, WMO,WTO, Zangger
Committee.
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Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (Signed 12-Oct-1987, entered into force 01-Jan-1989, latersuperseded by NAFTA)
North American Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Jan-1994, includes Canada, U.S. and Mexico)
Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Jan-1997)
Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 05-Jul-1997)
Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement (Enteredinto force 01-Nov-2002)
Canada-European Free Trade Association Free TradeAgreement (Entered into force 01-Jul-2009)
Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement (Entered intoforce 01-Aug-2009)
Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (Signed 21-Nov-2008; Canada's ratification of this FTA is now
dependant upon Colombia's ratification of the"Agreement Concerning Annual Reports on HumanRights and Free Trade Between Canada and theRepublic of Colombia" signed on 27-May-2010)
Canada-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Signed on 28-June-2009)
Canada-Panama Free Trade Agreement (Signed on14-May-2010)
Nations that have Free Trade Agreements withCanada are in dark blue, nations in negotiations are incyan. Canada is green.
Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with thefollowing countries and trade blocs:
Ukraine Morocco India South Korea Dominican Republic Singapore Andean Community (Negotiations have already
concluded with Peru and Colombia) CARICOM (Caribbean Community) European Union Japan
Canada is also involved in negotiations to create thefollowing regional trade blocks:
Canada Central American Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
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The geography of Canada is vast anddiverse. Occupying most of the northern
portion of North America (41% of
the continent),Canada is the world's second
largest country in total area. Canada ranks fourth in land area (i.e., total
area minus the area of lakes and rivers.
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The Horseshoe Falls in Niagara Falls, Ontario, one of the world's mostvoluminous waterfalls, a major source of hydroelectric power, and atourist destination.
The most notable are Montreal's Mount Royal and Mont Saint-Hilaire.These hills are known for a great richness in precious minerals.
The Canadian Shield is known for its vast minerals, such as emeralds,diamonds and copper. The Canadian shield is also called the mineralhouse.
Canadian Interior Plains - arable agricultural land which sustainextensive grain farming operations in the southern part of the provinces.
Western Canada has many volcanoes and is part of the system of volcanoes found around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, which is calledthe Pacific Ring of Fire.
Canada holds vast reserves of water: its rivers discharge nearly 9% of theworld's renewable water supply, The St. Lawrence and the Mackenzie arethe second and third largest rivers by volume of discharge, respectively,in North America.
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The fisheries industry has historically been one of Canada's strongest Forestry has long been a major industry in Canada. Forest products
contribute one fifth of the nation's exports. The provinces with thelargest forestry industries are British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec.
Fossil fuels are a more recently developed resource in Canada,with oil and gas being extracted from deposits in theWestern CanadianSedimentary Basin since the mid 1900's.
Agricultural regions in Canada include the Canadian Prairies, the LowerMainland and interior plateau of British Columbia, the St. LawrenceBasin and the Canadian Maritimes. Main crops in Canadainclude flax, oats, wheat, maize, barley, sugar beets
Canada's mineral resources are diverse and extensive. Across theCanadian Shield and in the north there arelarge iron, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, and uraniumreserves. Large diamond concentrations have been recently developed inthe Arctic, making Canada one of the world's largest producers.Throughout the Shield there are many
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Air pollution and resulting acid rain severely
affects lakes and damages forests. Metal
smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicleemissions impact agricultural and forest
productivity.
Ocean waters are becoming contaminated
from agricultural, industrial, mining, andforestry activities.
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The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentarydemocracy and a federal system of parliamentary government withstrong democratic traditions.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is head of state.
Legislative power The bicameral Parliament of Canada consists of three parts:
the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons.
Provincial and Territorial Governments There are 10 provinces andthree territories, with the provinces having wide jurisdiction in manyareas, such as natural resources, education, healthcare, direct taxation,civil law and provincially incorporated companies. The two levels of government (federal and provincial) share power in some areas, such asagriculture, immigration and old-age pensions. Municipal governmentsoperate under provincial jurisdiction.
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protecting and developing arctic territory
immigration and refugee policy discussion about bringing back the death Penalty
Merger with its southern neighbour. the overbearing influence of money on politics, elections and
legislation
all international trade deals (FTA, NAFTA, MAI, GATT, etc.)that limit Canada's sovereign rights or ability toindependently develop her human, natural and economicresources in the best interests of her people
massive taxation of financial marketeers, banks, investment
brokers, currency speculators
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Ethnic group: a category of people who are distinguished byothers or themselves on the basis of cultural or nationalitycharacteristics
a category of people who have been singled out, by others or
themselves, as inferior or superior, on the basis of subjectively selected physical characteristics like skin colouror eye shape
legalization of marijuana and HST The Growing Gap between the rich and everyone else.
The Increasing Tax Burden on the Poor and Middle Class andthe Decreasing Tax Rates of Corporations and the Wealthy.
Younger kids are starting to join more and more gangsespecially in the Toronto area. They grow up in welfarehousing, and their parents cannot afford anything for themthus causing them to join gangs
Tremendous amount of violence in the Greater Toronto Area
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Canada and India have longstanding bilateral relations, built upon sharedtraditions of democracy and pluralism and strong interpersonalconnections. The bilateral relationship is supported by a wide range of bilateral agreements in fields such as agriculture, energy, mutual legalassistance, and air services.
a dialogue on regional security and global strategic issues of commoninterest through the annual Canada-India Strategic Dialogue
Canada-India Joint Working Group on Counter-Terrorism investment and technology partnerships. India ranked as Canadas 10th destination for merchandise exports in
2009 Development Assistance Stakeholder Involvement Top Canadian exports include vegetables (mostly peas and lentils),
fertilizers, and machinery; top imports from India include organicchemicals, knit apparel, woven apparel and precious stones and metals(primarily diamonds).
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Strategic market intelligence on your specific sector
Pathfinding for key government contacts engaged in supporting investment
in Canada, in its provinces and territories.
Referrals to investment support professionals
Facilitation of site visits
Information and advice on how to set up a business in Canada, taxation,
regulations and government programs
Assistance in developing a business case for your next investment decision
At work in 150 cities around the world,
Canada's investment and trade professionals can provide:
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AdvancedManufacturing
Automotive
Aerospace
Machinery and equipment
Agri-food
Chemicals and Plastics
Clean TechnologiesRenewable energy
Environmental technologies
Information and Communications
Technology
Digital media
Software
Wireless communications
Life SciencesBiopharmaceuticals
Medical devices
Services
Business services
Financial services
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1 fDi Benchmarking database, fDi Intelligence.
2 Conference Board of Canada.<http://www.conferenceboard.ca/HCP/Details/Innovation/scientific-articles.aspx>.
Vancouver is #1 in North America for
patents filed for fuel cells1
Toronto is #3 in North America for
patents filed in the automotive sector1
Montréal,Vancouver and Toronto rank
among the Top 10 cities in North America
for life sciences patent filings1
Canada ranks #1 in the G7 for the
number of scientific articles published
per capita2
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One of the highest quality of life in the world
The Human Development Index ranks Canada #2 in the G7 and #8in the world in human development based on life expectancy, education
levels and GDP per capita1
The Global Liveability Survey ranksVancouver #1 in the world.
Toronto and Calgary also rank among the Top 5 cities 2
1 United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Report 2010.
2 Economist Intelligence Unit. Global Liveability Report, January 2011.
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1 International Institute of Management Development. WorldCompetitiveness Yearbook 2011.2 OECD. Ed ucation at a Glance 20103 World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011
Canada ranks #2 in the OECD for its
post-secondary education completion
rates (55% of working-age Canadians
have graduated from post-secondary
schools)2
Canada ranks #1 in the G7 in terms of
the availability of qualified engineers in its
workforce, according to the IMD 1
The WEF ranks Canada #1 in the G7 onthe quality of management schools 3
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Canada
2.0%U.S.1.8%
U.K.1.4%
France1.2%
Germany0.8%
Japan0.8%
Italy0.1%
Source: International Monetary Fund. W orl d E conomic Outlook . January 2011 and archived October 2010 Database.
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How Can CompanyBenefit From
Locating In Canada?
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In 14 of 17 sectors analyzed in KPMGs
competitive alternatives 2010, Canadahas the lowest overall businesscostsin the G7
LowestSource: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.
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Research & Development Corporate & IT Services Manufacturing
% Cost Advantage/Disadvantage Relative To The United States
M e x
i c o
A u s t r a
l i a
N e t h e r l a n
d s
C a n a
d a
F r a n
c e
U n i t e d K i n g d o m
U n i t e d S t a
t e s
I t a l y
G e r m a n y
J a p
a n
M e x
i c o
C a n a
d a
U n i t e d K i n g d o m
N e t h e r l a n
d s
A u s t r a
l i a
U n i t e d S t a
t e s
F r a n
c e
I t a l y
G e r m a n y
J a p
a n
M e x i c o
C a n a d a
N e t h e r l a n d s
F r a n c e
U n i t e d K i n g d
o m I t a l y
A u s t r a l i a
U n i t e d S t a
t e s
G e r m
a n y
J a p a n
38.9% 18.7% 16.3% 12.9% 6.2% 2.9% 0.0% -6.8% -10.8% -16.4% 38.6% 9.8% 2.2% 1.7% 1.2% 0.0% -6.4% -9.7% -13.7%-4.1% 13.7% 3.7% 2.6% 2.1% 1.6% 1.5% 1.0% 0.0% -6.0%-0.9%
B A S E L I N E
B A S E L I N E
B A S E L I N E
+12.9% +9.8% +3.7%
Source: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.
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+4.8%
Medical Devices
+3.6%
Automotive
+30.5%
Biotech
+21.5%
Software Design
Source: KPMG. Competitive Alternatives 2010.
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In Budget 2010, the Government of Canadaannounced that Canada will eliminate all remaining
tariffs on manufacturing inputs and machinery and
equipment by 2015. Canada is the first countryin the G20 to do so.
0%
Source: Government of Canada. The Fed eral Budget 2010.
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Source: Finance Canada. The Federal Budget, and World Trade Organization. Trade Profiles October2010.
$2.8
$1.9
$3.0
$1.7
$1.2
$4.3
$0.0$0.0$0.0
Transport equipment Electrical machinery Non-electrical machinery
Average AppliedMFN Tariffs On $100Million In Imports$ millions
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30% savings based on federal andprovincial tax credits per dollar
invested in R&D on average
R&D Tax Credits in Canada are among the most
flexible and generous in the world
Source: JPW Innovation Associates Inc.
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For three years in a row, the World Economic Forum hasnamed the Canadian banking system the soundest in theworld. 1
At a time when numerous financial institutions around the
world were collapsing, no Canadian bank or insurer failed.No Canadian bank required a bailout.
1 The World Economic Forum. The Global Com petitiveness Report 2008-2009, 20092010, and 2010-
2011.
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Charles River Laboratories
International,Inc.
Chrysler Group LLC
China Ocean Shipping
(Group) Co
China Shipping Container
Lines Co. Ltd.
Citco Group
Citigroup Inc.ConocoPhillips Co.
Continental AG
Convergys
DawnFood Products, Inc.
DBSchenker
Denso Corp.
DHL International GmbH
Dieffenbacher GmbH
Digital Domain, Inc.
The Dow Chemical Co.
Dubai AerospaceEnterprise
Ltd.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
Co.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Electronic Arts Inc.
Enel SpA
Eurocopter S.A.S.
ExxonMobil Corp.
3MCompany
Accenture
Acciona S.A.
ActivisionBlizzard, Inc.
AdityaBirlaMinacs
Amgen, Inc.
AOC Resins
APL Ltd.
A. P.Moller-MaerskGroupArcher DanielsMidland Co.
Bank of China Ltd.
TheBank of Tokyo-
Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.
BASF SE
BellHelicopter Textron Inc.
BHPBilliton Ltd.
Boeing Co.
Bose Corp.
BP plc
Capgemini
Cargill, Inc.
Ceridian Corp.
CGIGroup
CH2M Hill Companies, Ltd.
Johnson Controls Inc.
Johnson & Johnson Inc.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Keane, Inc.
Kellogg Co.
KoreaExchangeBank
Kühne+ Nagel International
AG
LM EricssonLockheedMartin Corp.
Mainstream Renewable
Power
Mediterranean Shipping Co.
S.A.
Meggitt plc
Merck & Co., Inc.
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.
Messier - DowtyInternational
Microsoft Corp.Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Monsanto Co.
Morgan Stanley
MTU AeroEngines
Munich Re
Nokia OYJ
Novartis AG
Oracle Corp.
F.Hoffmann-La Roche
Flextronics International
FordMotor Co.
General Dynamics Corp.
GeneralElectric Co.
GeneralMotors
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
GlaxoSmithKline plc
GrainMillers Inc.Goodrich Aerospace
TheHanjin Group
Harris Corporation
Hewlett-Packard Co.
Hexagon AB
Hitachi Ltd.
HondaMotor Co. Ltd.
Honeywell International
Inc.
HSBC Holdings plc
ICICI Bank Limited
Infosys Technologies Ltd.
Intel Corporation
InternationalBusiness
Machines Co.
Invesco Ltd.
James Richardson
International
OtokaEnergy Inc.
PACCAR Inc.
Pixar Animation Studios
Inc.
Pratt & Whitney
Raytheon Co.
RobertBosch GmbH
Rolls-Royce Group plc
Royal Dutch Shell plcSage Software Inc.
SAP AG
Schlumberger Ltd.
SchneiderElectric S.A.
SeikoEpson Corp.
Sophos plc
SquareEnix Holdings Co.,
Ltd.
StateFarmMutual
AutomobileInsurance Co.
Sulzer Ltd.
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co.
Ltd.
Tata Consultancy Services
Ltd.
Thales Group
TOTAL S.A.
ToyotaMotor Corp.
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Least risky country rank 8th
Rank country area 2nd
Global competitiveness index rank 9th The globalization index rank- 7th
Top 12 economies in the world 10th
Global personal tax rates- 8th
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Rank Previous Country Overall score
1 1 Norway 94.05
2 2 Luxembourg 92.35
3 3 Switzerland 90.654 4 Denmark 88.55
5 6 Finland 87.81
6 5 Sweden 86.81
7 7 Austria 86.50
8 11 Canada 86.09
9 8 Netherlands 84.86
10 9 Australia 84.16
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1Russia 17,075,2002Canada 9,984,6703United States 9,826,630
4China 9,596,960n5Brazil 8,511,9656Australia 7,686,8507India 3,287,590
8Argentina 2,766,8909Kazakhstan 2,717,30010Sudan 2,505,810
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Rank-2009-10 Country Score
1 Switzerland 5.6
2 USA 5.59
3 Singapore 5.55
4 Sweden 5.51
5 Denmark 5.46
6 Finland 5.43
7 Germany 5.37
8 Japan 5.37
9 Canada 5.33
10 Netherland 5.32
49 INDIA 4.3
50 Jordan
4.3
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Rank Country Globalization Index
1 Belgium 92.95
2 Austria 92.51
3 Netherlands 91.90
4 Switzerland 90.55
5 Sweden 89.75
6 Denmark 89.68
7 Canada 88.24
8 Portugal 87.54
9 Finland 87.31
10 Hungary 87.00
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Rank Country
Per captia GDP
in $
Population in
Million GDP in $ tr illion
1 USA 46.003 310 14.3
2 Japan 39.787 127 5.1
3 China 3.666 1.339 4.9
4 Germany 41.008 82 3.4
5 France 40.887 65 2.7
6 UK 35.196 62 2.2
7 Italy 35.105 60 2.1
8 Brazil 8.142 193 1.6
9 spain 31.182 47 1.5
10 Canada 39081 34 1.3
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Global Personal tax in %
Rank Country Tax %
1 Denmark 62
2 Swden 55
3 China 45
4 Germany 42
5 France 40
6 USA 35
7 India 30
8 Canada 29
9 Bangaladesh 25
10 Sigapore 20
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