MADAGASCAR MADAGASCAR

COUNTRY PROJECTCOUNTRY PROJECTIntegrated Assessment of Trade-Related Policies and Biological Diversity in the

Agriculture Sector

Sector : Shrimp Aquaculture

Pr Gabrielle L. RAJOELISON

Geneva, 26-28 November 2007Geneva, 26-28 November 2007

OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSESSMENT

▪ General objective :- Carry out an Integrated Assessment of economical, social and environmental impacts of trade policy related to Shrimp Aquaculture in Madagascar.

▪ Problems :- Environmental : land extension degradation of mangroves

- Economical : impacts on trade chains (market access for farmers)

- Social : resource uses ; migration;costs structure ; benefits transfered to local people

FOCUS OF THE PROJECT

▪ Driving forces and sector : - Shrimp aquaculture : strategic resource- Shrimp exportation : enhancing foreign currency source- Mangrove : remaining natural and threatened ecosystems- Mangrove : source of goods and services for rural people- Rural people (fishermen) poverty

▪ Timeframe:Ex ante assessment - Identify biodiversity issues, problems and opportunities related to the sector- Identify stakeholders interests (regional authorities, investors, fishermen, local communities)- Understand the policy context and identify policy priorities at regional level- Conduct impact assessment- Develop policy options (scenario)

Ex-post assessment- Monitoring and evaluation

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

▪ Driving force :Trade policy and trade measures - market access- non- tariff barriers- taxes- norms and quality (standards and conformity)- sanitary measures

▪ Change in land use due to change of production - extensification (more needs of mangroves spaces), - landscape state and aspect, winner : economical operators, investors losers : small fishermen, local people

▪ Potential negative impacts on biodiversity and farmers- Loss of biodiversity (flora and fauna) because of mangroves deforestation- Coast erosion (protection against marine stream) / Water and soil pollution- Loss of farmers (fishermen) resources for subsistence- Migration flow /people displacement- Social conflicts between small farmers (appropriation conflicts/ marine use

delimitation)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (cont.)

Try to draw linkages between main issues listed in previous

slide:Trade measure/policy or agreement-Norms and quality-Sanitary measures-Taxes

Agricultural activities

-traditional fishing vs industrial aquaculture

Agricultural biodiversity

Farmers’ income and food security-Market access-Prices-Trade

-Source of proteins

Other influences on agriculture (e.g. international commodities agreement)

Intensity of land use

- Extensification-Mangroves spaces- Forest fragmentation

Ecosystem services-Protection against erosion-- Shelter and eggs laying of flora and fauna species

- Goods and services for people

Other aspects of human well-being (e.g. employment)- Employment- Subsistence

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (cont.)

Trade agreements and other influences on Agriculture:

Price and market for shrimps

Standards and quality Sanitary measures

Human well being Food security

Employment Incomes Health/ education

Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services :

Provisioning (fish, shrimps, wood, etc.

RegulatingCoast erosion, Waterflow,Carbon sequestration

CulturalLandscape Aesthetic, spiritual

SupportingBiodiversity conservation (flora and fauna)Primary productionEggs laying

Agricultural activities and change in state of land

Extent of farms Mangroves fragmentation Migration flows Wood (fuel and poles)

overexploitation

METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS

▪ Main indicators to measure the impacts :

◦ Economic indicators- Importers standards for export (labelling)- Tax burden on raw materials- Tariffs (market access)

◦ Social indicators- Number of employees- Training programmes for small farmers

◦ Environmental indicators-Percentage of farms per size-Land use intensity (percentage per year)-Change in mangroves area (isolation of fragments)-Abundance and diversity of flora and fauna species

METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS (cont.)

State of art and bibliography review

National and regional priorities

Legislation and code of good practice

Policy context Aquaculture context- “Potentiality”- Biological and ecological conditions- Economical environment- Socio-cultural aspects

Determining the focus- conceptual framework- identification of sustainability issues

Initial workshop to launch project

Screening

Scoping

Stage A

Stage B

METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS (cont.)

Identification of actions for implementationACTION PLAN

Socio-economical inquiry- interview- forms

Feasibility study

1) Environmental aspect : EIA- - Identification of positive and negative impacts- Economic valuation of the impacts- Develop measures to avoid, to mitigate and/or to correct the impacts

3) Social Aspect – Multi criteria AnalysisRoot cause Analysis

2) Economical aspect – Cost and benefit analysisComparison between cost and advantages value

Validation workshop

Environmental Impact

Assessment

Stage D

Determining the focus - conceptual framework - identification of sustainability issues

Stage C

UPDATE OF ASSESSMENT PROCESS

▪ Main steps of the research work

(conducted at both national and local levels)

1. Launching workshops (information collection)

2. Capacity building

3. Bibliography studies – Review Information

4. Interviews of resources persons

5. Diagnostic analysis – Integrated Assessment process

6. Action Planning

7. Monitoring and evaluation system

INTERIM RESULTS

▪ (i)  Impacts of the trade policy (identified in the fields)

◦ Environmental impacts : - Mangrove and wetland conversion (in

shrimp ponds)- Change of coastal land use (human

settlement)- Water and soil pollution- Reduction in fisheries biomass◦ Economic and social impacts :- Land use conflicts (land use change or

disruption of access for local communities)

- Benefits for investors (trends to build inequalities)

- Migration and employment

▪ (ii) Specific impacts on biodiversity (documented)

- Fragmentation- Fuelwood exploitation- Loss of Genetic and Biomass reserve

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock

and Fisheries

Departemnt of Water and Forestry

Agronomy School

National Steering Commette(MEPSPC, MINENVEF, DPRH,

GAPCM, ESSA)

Monitoring Facilitation Coordination

Focal Point Research Institution Steering Commette

Institutional Structure and Mechanisms

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE (cont)

▪ Launching and capacity-building workshops

◦ National workshopHeld in Antananarivo on May 9th to 11th

- Information and communication about :. UNEP Global Initiative related to trade and biodiversity. Trade and biodiversity in Madagascar. Ecocertification. Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) of EU-ACP. Application exercises

◦ Regional workshop : Held in Majunga (Boeny Region) on September 12th and 13th.

- Information and communication about :. Shrimp aquaculture at regional level. Trade and shrimp aquaculture at regional level. Industrial aquaculture. Application exercises

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE (cont)

Activities J J A S O N Actors

- Propose methodology of IA * * RI

- Elaborate a Monitoring Manual * * FP

- Organize Regional Workshop * FP & RI

- Review the policy context and available information

* * * * * * RI

- Write the preliminary report * * * RI

-Organize a NSC meeting * FP

RI : Research institution FP : Focal Point

MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS

▪ Assess the impacts▪ Develop policy recommendations▪ Develop monitoring and evaluation system▪ Elaborate Country project final report▪ Organize Validation National Workshop

MAIN CHALLENGES

▪ To respect the timeline▪ Capacity on IA at national and regional levels▪ Interinstitutional communication▪ Trade policy Strategy and Action plan

(national and regional levels)

Misaotra Tompoko