progressivism & social changes
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Progressivism & Social Changes. **Prohibition. What was prohibited by “Prohibition” in the U.S.?. Alcohol consumption Chinese Immigration Women voting Child labor. NOTICE! Prohibition ≠ prohibition. Poll. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Progressivism & Social Changes
**Prohibition
What was prohibited by “Prohibition” in the U.S.?
A. Alcohol consumptionB. Chinese ImmigrationC. Women votingD. Child labor
NOTICE! Prohibition ≠ prohibition
Poll
Before you started studying this chapter, did you know that the U.S. had once banned alcohol?
A. Yes.B. No!
Question
Alcohol was prohibited in the U.S. during most of the Progressive Era.
A. TrueB. False
Questions I will answer in today’s lecture:
• How, when & why was alcohol prohibited in America?
• Why was Prohibition repealed (cancelled) later?
• What was life like in America during the Prohibition Era?
Social Change Movements(Progressivism)
Women were especially vocal about moral issues:
• Suffrage (equal voting rights for women)
• Social Work (helping the poor)
• Temperance (Not drinking alcohol)
II. The Temperance Movement(1850s – 1919)
Problems with Alcohol1 - Too many saloons (1 per 150 people)
• Saloons couldn’t make $$$–Added gambling–Added prostitution
Problems with Alcohol
2 - Social workers saw family problems–Men wasting money at saloons–Violence toward wives / children
Problems with Alcohol
3 - Alcohol-related disease• Alcoholism (addiction)• Liver Damage• Early Death
Temperance Campaign (1850 – 1920)
1. Temperance Beliefs:– Alcohol = Evil– Even 1 drink addiction! – All problems caused by alcohol
(unemployment, poverty, crime, immorality, violence, disease, inequality of women)
2. Solution: Make America “dry”
Temperance Campaign
3. Also an Anti-Immigrant campaign
“Cultures of drink”
• Irish (whiskey)
• Germans (beer)
• Italians (wine)
• Russians (vodka)
4. The role of women in the Temperance Movement
• Vocal & politically active
• Vocal & politically active
The role of women in the Temperance Movement
The role of women in the Temperance Movement
• Vocal & politically active
• Won men’s support for equal voting rights
• 1920 – 19th Amendment = universal suffrage
III. Anti-Alcohol Legislation
Anti-Alcohol Legislation• 1850s – 1918 - Many local laws
• 1919 - The Volstead Act (national law)– Prohibited the production, sale, & transport of
alcohol for drinking
• 1919 - 18th Amendment to the Constitution
(a.k.a “Prohibition”- effective as of 1920)
NOTE!
Progressive Era ≠ Prohibition Era
IV. Prohibition Era in America(1920-1933)
Alcohol Vocabulary
• Liquor = alcohol• Booze (slang) = alcohol• To go on a bender = (slang) to drink a lot• A speakeasy = a secret, illegal club or bar that
served alcohol during Prohibition
Bootleg (adj) / Bootlegger (n. person)
Original meaning
Prohibition Era
Today
Documentary – Homework Check
Comprehension Questions
Who made a lot of money during Prohibition?A. The U.S. GovernmentB. The PoliceC. Organized criminal gangsD. Temperance leaders
Comprehension Questions
According to the video, drinking ____________ during the Prohibition Era.
A. increasedB. stayed the sameC. decreased
Documentary – Images of ProhibitionWhat did you see in the video?
V. The Repeal of Prohibition
Why was Prohibition repealed in 1933?
1. Crime soared– Bootleggers and gangsters made a fortune.
Al Capone Most powerful gangster in Chicago
Why was Prohibition repealed in 1933?
2. Drinking actually increased– Glamorous speakeasies (for women too!)
Maybe!
18501860
1870
1871-80
1881-90
1891-95
1896-1900
1901-05
1906-10
1911-15
1916-19 1934
19351936
19371938
19391940
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Gallons of Alcohol consumed per person per year
Source: U.S. Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual (Vol. 1, Rockville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1985): Accessed at: http://prohibition.osu.edu/brewing/consumption.cfm
Increase in Drinking is Disputed!
Why was Prohibition repealed in 1933?
3. Alcohol-related deaths increased– Homemade alcohol was dangerous.
Why was Prohibition repealed in 1933?
4. Public Pressure
Why was Prohibition repealed in 1933?
5. Enforcement took too much time and $• Lawyers• Police
What was happening in America in 1933?
• The Great Depression –Very weak economy–High unemployment
• Repeal of Prohibition = –Gov’t could collect liquor taxes– Jobs!
VI. Drinking in America Today
What is the legal drinking age in the U.S. today?
A. 16B. 18C. 20D. 21E. No limit
What is the legal drinking age in your country?
A. None. Anyone can drink legally.B. 18C. 19D. 20E. None. It is illegal to drink alcohol.