progressive roots emily santora, jacob kantzos, and jimmy barrios period 6 2/11/2013
TRANSCRIPT
Progressive RootsEmily Santora, Jacob Kantzos, and Jimmy Barrios Period 62/11/2013
“I am, therefore, a Progressive because we have not kept up with our own changes of conditions, either in the
economic field or in the political field. We have not kept up as well as other nations have. We have not adjusted our practices
to the facts of the case…”-Woodrow Wilson, campaign speech, 1912
Background Information Before the first decade of
the 20th century, American was influenced by a Progressive movement Fought against:
Monopolies Corruption Inefficiency Social Injustice
Purpose was to use government as an agency of human welfare
Topics to Discuss
1. Origins of Progressivism
2.Political Reforms
3.Social Reforms
4.Economic Reforms
Origins of Progressivism
Motives of Progressives Progressives were largely influenced by the
Greenback Party (1870s and 1880s) and the Populist Party (1890s)
Henry Demarest Lloyd’s book Wealth Against Commonwealth exposed the corruption of the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company Those who made money from the trusts were
criticized also The power of big businesses widened the gap
between rich and poor
The Muckrakers Popular magazines began
digging up dirt about the trusts Cosmopolitan Collier’s Everybody's
Lincoln Steffens and Ida M. Tarbell exposed money trusts, railroad barons, and the corruption of American businesses David G. Phillips argued that 75
of 90 U.S. Senators did not represent the people, but the railroads and trusts Muckrakers believed that the
only way to fix American democracy was more democracy Ida M. Tarbell was concerned
with Jim Crow laws, which were shaping a segregated
culture.
Case Study: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair The Jungle depicted the lives
of immigrants working the United States and exposed the gruesome practices of the American meatpacking industry Is referred to as “the Uncle
Tom’s Cabin of wage slavery” because of its portrayal of the corruption of big businesses
Eventually led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act
“The meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the
shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with
which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into
the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the
scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into
old barrels in the cellar and left there. ”
Political Reforms
Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Shortly after the Gilded
Age, a time of political corruption, the American people wanted to become more involved Mostly middle-class
citizens and restless immigrants
This system allowed citizens to participate more fully in state legislature
They were able to propose new laws, vote on them, as well as recall laws and politicians that they didn’t like
Initiative, Referendum, and Recall
Initiative •Voters could directly propose legislation
Referendum •People could vote on laws that affected them
Recall •People could remove bad and corrupt officials from office
Political Progressivism Using the Australian
ballot, Progressives counteracted the effects of party bosses Had a direct
election of U.S. senators to avoid corruption
The 17th Amendment provided for direct election of senators
Social Reforms
Municipal Reform As the urban environment
grew in size, people wanted changes in the city The city-manager system
was designed to remove politics out of municipal administration
Asked for better schools, cleaner streets, and less crime
This drew more to the city, causing a need for constant reform and maintenance as more people meant more problems
Progressive Woman Women were important factors during
the Progressive movement Couldn’t vote or hold political office Fought for issues such as child labor
The Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York killed 146 workers, mostly women
Muller vs. Oregon persuaded the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws which protected women workers Lochner vs. New York established a ten-hour
day for bakers
Temperance and Prohibition The general public, and more
specifically, married women, began to take offense at the gross nature of man and alcohol
The media began to portray alcohol as the source of evil, linking it to crimes, abuse, etc. Others saw alcohol as the
fuel to political reform, since most Progressives met at bars
This led to the official prohibition of alcohol, which would later result in an uproar from men and the liquor industry.
TR’s Square Deal Instituted by Theodore Roosevelt Noticing the faults of the U.S. system, Roosevelt pushed for
reform Embraced control of corporations, consumer protection, and the
conservation of the United States’ natural resources This act encompassed a wide variety of reforms from the
consumer protection to creation of national parks Roosevelt aimed toward regulating the dangers of large
corporations such as the meat industry and his love for nature led him to create national parks in order to preserve it
The Department of Commerce and Labor was formed in 1903, which was allowed to probe businesses engaged in interstate commerce Was useful in trust-busting
Control of Corporations Congress passed the
Elkins Act in 1903, which fined railroads
Roosevelt established “bad trusts” and “good trusts” and set out to control “bad trusts” Northern Securities
Company organized by J.P Morgan http://www.history.com/topics/theodore-roosevelt/videos#theodore-roosevelt-vs-corporate-
america
Civil Rights Plessy vs. Ferguson made the statement
that the black and white communities should be “Separate but Equal”
African Americans cried out for better facilities and opportunities (i.e. better schooling)
Ultimately would lead to the Civil Rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Economic Reforms
President Taft & Dollar Diplomacy President William Taft
was mildly progressive and sensitive to criticism, but not as liberal as Roosevelt
Urged the Dollar Diplomacy, which called for American to invest abroad into foreign areas of concern to the US Gave US economic
control of these areas