program / course outcomes

Program / Course Outcomes

Department – Commerce

Ramabai Ambedkar Govt. Degree College, Gajraula

The Faculty of Commerce is running in the College science academic session

2005-06. The University has allotted 160 seats for students to take admission in

B.com 1st year. Out of 160 seats, 20% seats have been reserved for girls of each

category for admission in B.com 1st year. The faculty of Commerce of the

college is progressing from its inception year 2005-06. The Faculty of

Commerce of the college has been organizing various types of activities for the

overall development of the students.

Career Opportunities in Commerce after passing B.com –

Govt. Job Opportunities

UPSC- (UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)

1. IAS- Indian Administrative service

2. IPS- Indian police service

3. IFS-Indian Foreign Service

4. Revenue departments

5. Audit departments, etc.

Central Department services

1. SSC, SSC(CGL)

2. Section Officer ( Commercial Audit)

3. Railway

4. Banking

5. N.T.P.C.

6. N.H.P.C.

7. N.A.B.A.R.D.

8. Insurance sector

Career Opportunities in state level services

UPPSC ( UTTAR PRASESH PUBLIC SERVICE

COMMISSION)

1. PCS

2. PPS

3. PES

4. District Audit officer

5. Revenue departments

Career opportunities in private Sector

1. Accountant

2. Chartered Accountant

3. Company Secretary

4. Cost Accountant

5. Finance Analyst

6. Finance Planner

7. Invest Analyst

8. Tax Advisor

9. Tax Consultant

10. Stock Broker

11. Portfolio Manager

12. Foreign trade

13.Stock Banking and Investment Analyst

14. Corporate Lawyer

15. Trade Consultant

16. Capital Market Advisor

Required Skill

1. Computing skill

2. Analysing Numerical data

3. Quick Calculation

4. Organisational and Administrative

5. Accuracy & Neatness

6. Ability to work hard

7. Logical thinking

8. Practical business orientation

9. Decision making

10.General knowledge

Three Years Degree Course

PHYSICS

B.Sc.- FIRST YEAR

Max.

Marks

PAPER I MECHANICS AND WAVE MOTION 50

PAPER II KINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS 50

PAPER III CIRCUIT FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC

ELECTRONICS

50

PRACTICAL TWO PRACTICALS (30 MARKS) + VIVA (10 MARKS) +

RECORD (10 MARKS)

50

TOTAL 200

PAPER I - MECHANICS AND WAVE MOTION

Objectives:

1. To enable the students to understand the basic concepts of mechanics

2. To understand the concepts of simple harmonic motion

3. To acquire the knowledge of differential equation of wave motion

UNIT-I

Inertial reference frame, Newton’s laws of motion, Dynamics of particle in rectilinear and

circular motion, Conservative and Non -conservative forces, Conservation of energy, liner

momentum and angular momentum, Collision in one and two dimensions, cross section.

UNIT -II

Rotational energy and rotational inertia for simple bodies, the combined translation and

rotational and motion of a rigid body on horizontal and inclined planes, Simple treatment of

the motions of a top. Relations between elastic constants, bending of Beams and Torsion of

Cylinder.

UNIT - III

Central forces, Two particle central force problem, reduced mass, relative and centre of mass

motion, Law of gravitation, Kepler’s laws, motions of planets and satellites, geo-stationary

satellites.

UNIT IV

Simple harmonic motion, differential equation of S. H. M. and its solution, uses of complex

notation, damped and forced vibrations, composition of simple harmonic motion. Differential

equation of wave motion, plane progressive waves in fluid media, reflection of waves, phase

change on reflection, superposition, stationarywaves, pressure and energy distribution, phase

and group velocity.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describes conservation of energy, work, force, linear momentum and angular momentum

2. Learn the fundamentals of harmonic oscillator model, including damped and forced

oscillators

3. Describe the production, detection of ultrasonic waves and applications

4. Explain the absorption and reflection of sound by various materials and describe the

requirements for good architectural acoustics

Text and Reference Books

EM Purcell, Ed: “Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. 1, Mechanics” (McGrawHill). RP

Feymman, RB Lighton and M Sands; “The Feymman Lectures in Physics”, Vol. 1 (BI

Publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Madras). J.C. Upadhyay: ‘Mechanics’.

PAPER II- KINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS

Objectives

1. To enable students the students to understand the kinetic model of gases and on its basis

understanding many physical quantities

2. To acquire the knowledge of laws of Thermodynamics

3. To understand the concepts of black body radiation

UNIT-I

Ideal Gas: Kinetic model, Deduction of Boyle’s law, interpretation of temperature,

estimation of r.m.s. speeds of molecules. Brownian motion, estimate of the Avogadro

number. Equipartition of energy, specific heat of monatomic gas, extension to di- and

triatomic gases, Behaviour at low temperatures. Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas,

applications to atmospheric physics. Real Gas: Vander Waals gas, equation of state, nature of

Van der Waals forces, comparison with experimental P-V curves. The critical constants, gas

and vapour. Joule expansion of ideal gas, and of a Vander Waals gas, Joule coefficient,

estimates of J-T cooling.

UNIT -II

Liquefaction of gases: Boyle temperature and inversion temperature. Principle of

regenerative cooling and of cascade cooling, liquefaction of hydrogen and helium.

Refrigeration cycles, meaning of efficiency. Transport phenomena in gases: Molecular

collisions, mean free path and collision cross sections. Estimates of molecular diameter and

mean free path. Transport of mass, momentum and energy and interrelationship, dependence

on temperature and pressure.

UNIT - III

The laws of thermodynamics: The Zeroth law, various indicator diagrams, work done by and

on the system, first law of thermodynamics, internal energy as a state function and other

applications. Reversible and irreversible changes, Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot

theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. Different versions of the second law,

practical cycles used in internal combustion engines. Entropy, principle of increase of

entropy. Thethermodynamic scale of temperature; its identity with the perfect gas scale.

Impossibility of attaining the absolute zero; third law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic

relationships: Thermodynamic variables; extensive and intensive, Maxwell’s general

relationships, application to Joule-Thomson cooling and adiabatic cooling in a general

system, Van der Waals gas, Clausius-Clapeyron heat equation. Thermodynamic potentials

and equilibrium of thermodynamical systems, relation with thermodynamical variables.

Cooling due to adiabatic demagnetization, production and measurement of very low

temperatures.

UNIT -IV

Blackbody radiation: Pure temperature dependence, Stefan-Boltzmann law, pressure of

radiation, spectral distribution of Black body radiation, Wien’s displacement law, Rayleigh-

Jean’s law, Plank's law the ultraviolet catastrophy.

Course Outcomes

1. Describeskinetic model of gases, deduction of various laws, concept of Real gas, Vander

Waals gas equation, critical constants and Joule expansion of ideal and Vander Waals gas

2. Gaining Knowledge of Liquification of gases and understanding Transport Phenomenon in

Gases

3. Learning about the laws of Thermodynamics

4. Explains Blackbody Radiation, spectral distribution of Black body radiation and various

laws


G.G. Agarwal and H.P. Sinha “Thermal Physics”

S.K. Agarwal and B.K. Agarwal “Thermal Physics”

PAPER III - CIRCUIT FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC ELECTRONICS

Objectives:

1. To understand Growth and decay of currents in various circuits, measurement of high

resistance and circuit theorems

2. To understand the principles of semiconductors, diodes and transistors

3. To gain knowledge about biasing of transistors and basic AC equivalent circuits, feedback

principles

4. To understand the Input and output impedance, transistor as an oscillator and Elements of

transmission and reception

UNIT-I

Growth and decay of currents through inductive resistances, charging and discharging in R.C.

and R.L.C. circuits, Time constant, Measurement of high resistance. A.C. Bridges, Maxwell’s

and Scherings Bridges, Wien Bridge. THINLY, NORTON and Superposition theorems and

their applications.

UNIT -II

Semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, n-type and p-type semiconductors,

unbiased diode forward bias and reverse bias diodes, diode as Page 5 a rectifier, diode

characteristics, zener diode, avalanche and zener breakdown, power supplies, rectifier, bridge

rectifier, capacitor input filter, voltage regulation, zener regulator. Bipolar transistors, three

doped regions, forward and reverse bias, DC alpha, DC beta transistor curves.

UNIT - III

Transistor biasing circuits: base bias, emitter bias and voltage divider bias, DC load line.

Basic AC equivalent circuits, low frequency model, small signal amplifiers, common emitter

amplifier, common collector amplifiers, and common base amplifiers, current and voltage

gain, R.C. coupled amplifier, gain, frequency response, equivalent circuit at low, medium and

high frequencies, feedback principles.

UNIT-IV

Input and output impedance, transistor as an oscillator, general discussion and theory of

Hartley oscillator only. Elements of transmission and reception, basic principles of amplitude

modulation and demodulation. Principle and design of linear multimeters and their

application, cathode ray oscillograph and its simple applications.

Course Outcome

Course Outcomes:

1. Acquiring knowledge about circuit fundamentals

1. Have basic knowledge of semiconductor diode, rectifier and filter circuits.

2. Understand transistor biasing and working principle of Amplifiers.

3. Explain feedback and oscillatory circuits.

4. An idea about transmission and reception of signals

Text and Reference Books:

B.G. Streetman; “Solid State Electronic Devices”, IInTdi Edition (Prentice Hall of India,

New Delhi, 1986).

W.D. Stanley: “Electronic Devices, Circuits and Applications” (Prentice-Hall, New TTC’A

1flOO\ JL4y, JJI. 1OO).

J.D. Ryder, “Electronics Fundamentals and Applications”, lI’’ Edition (Prentice-Hall of

India, New Delhi, 1986).

J Millman and A Grabel, “Microelectronics”, International Edition (McGraw Hill Book

Company, New York, 1988).

B.Sc.- SECOND YEAR

Max.

Marks

PAPER I PHYSICAL OPTICS AND LASERS 50

PAPER II ELECTROMAGNETICS 50

PAPER III ELEMENTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC

AND MOLECULARS SPECTRA

50

PRACTICAL TWO PRACTICALS (30 MARKS) + VIVA (10 MARKS)

+ RECORD (10 MARKS)

50

TOTAL 200

PAPER I - PHYSICAL OPTICS AND LASERS

Objectives

1. To learn about interference Phenomenon of light

2. To understand the diffraction of light

3. To gain knowledge of polarization of light

4. To acquire knowledge about LASER System and its Application

UNIT-I

Interference of a light: The principle of superposition, two-slit interference, coherence

requirement for the sources, optical path retardations, lateral shift of fringes, Rayleigh

refractometer and other applications. Localised fringes; thin films, applications for precision

measurements for displacements. Haidinger fringes: Fringes of equal inclination. Michelson

interferometer, its application for precision determination of wavelength, wavelength

difference and the width of spectral lines. Twymann Green interferometer and its uses.

Iriensity distribution in multiple beam interference, Tolansky fringes, FabryPerrot

interferometer and etalon.

UNIT -II

Fresnel diffraction: Fresnel half-period zones, plates, straight edge, rectilinear propagation.

Fraunhoffer diffraction: Diffraction at a slit, half-period zones, phasor diagram and integral

calculus methods, the intensity distribution, diffraction at a circular aperture and a circular

disc, resolution of images, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of telescope and microscopic

systems, outline of phase contrast microscopy. Diffraction gratings: Diffraction at N parallel

slits, intensity distribution, plane diffraction grating, reflection grating and blazed gratings.

Concave grating and different mountings. Resolving power of a grating and comparison with

resolving powers of prism and of a Fabry-Perrot etalon.

UNIT - III

Polarization, Double refraction in uniaxial crystals, Nicol prism, polaroids and retardation

plates, Babinet’s compensator. Analysis of polarised light.Optical activity and Fresnel’s

explanation, Half shade and Biquartzpolarirneters. Matrix representation of plane polarized

waves, matrices for polarizers, retardation plates and rotators, Application to simple systems.

UNIT-IV

Laser system: Purity of a special line, coherence length and coherence time, spatial

coherence of a source, Einstein’s A and B coefficients, spontaneous and induced emissions,

conditions for laser action, population inversion. Application of Lasers: Pulsed lasers and

tunable lasers, spatial coherence and directionality, estimates of beam intensity; temporal

coherence and spectral energy density.

Course outcome

1. Explains elements of interference phenomenon and its application, Haidinger fringes.

4. Explain diffraction pattern and calculate dispersive power of the grating

5. Analyze different types of polarized light.


A K Ghatak, “Physical Optics” (Tata McGrew Hill).

F Smith and JH Thomson; “Manchester Physics series; Optics” (English Language Book

Society and Joh Wiley, 1977).

Born and Wolf; “Optics” KD Moltey; “Optics” (Oxford University Press).

Sears; “Optics”. Jonkins and White; “Fundamental of Optics” (McGraw-Hill). Smith and

Thomson; “Optics” (John Wiley and Sons).

B.K; Mathur; “Optics”. P.K. Srivastava; “Optics” (CBS).

PART II- ELECTROMAGNETICS

Objectives:

1. Understanding Electrostatics and Magnetostatics

2. To gain knowledge of Electromagnetic induction.

3. To know the dielectric and magnetic properties of matter

4. To gain knowledge of Electromagnetic waves

UNIT-I

Electrostatics Coulomb’s law, Electric Field and potentials, Field due to a uniform charged

sphere, Derivations of Poisson and Laplace Equations, Gauss Law and its application: The

Field of a conductor. Electric dipole, Field and potential due to an electric dipole, Dipole

approximation for an arbitrary charge distribution, Electric quadruple, Field due to a

quadruple , Electrostatic Energy of a charged uniform sphere, Energy of a condenser.

Magnetostatics Magnetic field, Magnetic force of a current, Magnetic Induction and

BiotSavart Law, Lorentz Force, Vector and Scalar Magnetic potentials, Magnetic Dipole,

Magnetomotive force and Ampere’s Circuital theorem and its applications to calculate

magnetic field due to wire carrying current and solenoid.

UNIT-Il

Electromagnetic Induction Laws of Induction, Faraday’s laws and Lanz’s Law. Mutual and

Self Induction, Vector potential in varying Magnetic field, Induction of current in continuous

media, Skin effect, Motion of electron in changing magnetic field ,Betatron , Magnetic

energy in field, Induced magnetic field (Time varying electric field), Displacement current,

Maxwell’s equations, Theory and working of moving coil ballistic galvanometer.

UNIT-III

Dielectrics Dielectric constant, polarization, Electronic polarization, Atomic or ionic

Polarization Polarization charges, Electrostatic equation with dielectrics, Field, force and

energy in Dielectrics. Magnetic Properties of Matter Intensity of magnetization and magnetic

susceptibility, Properties of Dia, Para and Ferromagnetic materials, Curie temperature,

Hysteresis and its experimental determination.

UNIT -IV

Electromagnetic Waves The wave’, equation satisfied .by E and B, plane electromagnetic

waves in vacuum, Poynting’s vector, reflection at, a plane boundary of dielectrics,

polarization by reflection and total internal reflection, Faraday effect; waves in a conducting

medium, reflection and refraction by the ionosphere

Course Outcome

1. Identify the presence of static electric charges and fields due to static charges

2. Identify the magnetic field and magnetic force due to currents

3. Understand the phenomena of magnetic induction and Maxwell’s equations

4. understanding dielectric properties of materials

5. Distinguish between different types of magnetic materials and different kinds of

magnetism manifested in materials

6. Understandingplane electromagnetic waves equation and pointing vector


Berkeley Physics Course; Electricity and Magnetism, Ed. E.M. Purcell (Mc GrawHill).

Halliday and Resnik; “Physics”, Vol 2. D J Griffith; “Introduction to Electrodynamics”

(Prentice-Hall of India).

Reitz and Milford; “Electricity and Magnetism (Addison-Wesley). A S Mahajan and A

ARangwala; “Electricity and Magnetism” (Tata McGrawHill).

A M Portis; “Electromagnetic Fields”. Pugh and Pugh; “Principles of Electricity and

Magnetism” (Addison-Welsley).

Panofsky and Phillips; “Classical Electricity and Magnetism” (India Book House). S S

Atwood; “Electricity and Magnetism” (Dover).

PART III - ELEMENTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC AND

MOLECULAR SPECTRA

Objectives

1.To identify and understand the kinds of experimental results which are incompatible with

classical physics and which required the development of a quantum theory of matter and

light.

2.To understand Schrodinger wave equation interpret the wave function

3. to solve problems in one dimension and to understand the role of degeneracy in the

occurrence of electron shell structure in atoms.

4.To learn the concepts in Atomic Physics.

5. To understand the principles spectroscopy.

6. To learn the impact of magnetic field on spectra

UNIT-I

Matter Waves Inadequacies of classical mechanics, Photoelectric phenomenon, Compton

effect, wave particle duality, de- Broglie matter waves and their experimental verification,

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, Complementary principle, Principle of superposition,

Motion of wave packets.

UNIT -II

Schrodinger Equation and its Applications Schrodinger wave equation Interpretation of wave

function, Expectation values of dynamical variables, Ehrenfest theorem, Orthonormal

properties of wave functions, One dimensional motion in step potential, Rectangular barrier,

Square well potential, Particle in a box, normalization Simple Harmonic Oscillator.

UNIT - III

Atomic spectra Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atoms, spectral terms, doublet fine

structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s, p. d, and f states, selection rules. Singlet

and triplet fine structure in alkaline earth spectra, L-S and J-J couplings. Weak spectra:

continuous X-ray spectrum and its dependence on voltage, Duane and Haunt’s law.

Characteristics X-rays, Moseley’s law, doublet structure and screening parameters in X-ray

spectra, X-ray absorption spectra.

UNIT -IV

Molecular spectra Discrete set of electronic energies of molecules, quantisation of vibrational

and rotational energies, determination of internuclear distance, pure rotation and rotation-

vibration spectra, Dissociation limit for the ground and other Page 14 electronic states,

transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra.

Course Outcome

1. Explains wave particle duality

2. Interpret Schrodinger wave equation and its application in one dimension

3.Describe the spectra of single and multiple electron atoms including fine- and hyperfine

structure of hydrogen like atoms

4. Analyse the spectra of diatomic molecules such as electronic, rotational, vibrational spectra

and a basic introductory idea about the Raman spectroscopy


H S Mani and G K Mehta; “Introduction to Modern Physics” (Affiliated EastWest Press

1989).

A Beiser, “Perspectives of Modern Physics”.

H E White; “Introduction to Atomic Physics”.

Barrow; “Introduction to Molecular Physics”.

R P Feymann, R B Leighton and M Sands; “The Feyrnann Lectures on Physics, Vol. III (B I

Publications. Bombay. Delhi, Calcutta, Madras).

T A Littlefield and N Thorley; “Atomic and Nuclear Physics” (Engineering Language Book

Society). Eisenberg and Resnik; “Quantum Physics of Atoms, ‘Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and

Particles” (John Wiley.

B.Sc.- THIRD YEAR

Max Marks

PAPER I RELATIVITY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS 75

PAPER II SOLID STATE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS 75

PAPER III SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS 75

PRACTICAL TWO PRACTICALS (50 MARKS) + VIVA (15 MARKS)

+ RECORD (10 MARKS)

75

TOTAL 300

PAPER I - RELATIVITY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

Objectives

1. Understanding Frame of references, Galilean transformation and foundation of special

theory of relativity

2. To understand statistical physics, probability, Constraints; accessible and inaccessible

states and distribution of particles into a discrete set of energy states.

3. Acquiring knowledge of Equilibrium before two systems in thermal contact, bridge with

macroscopic physics.Probability and entropy

4. To understand Maxwellian distribution of0 speeds in an ideal gas and Transition to

quantum statistics

UNIT-I

Relativity Reference systems, inertial frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws,

propagation of light, Michelson-Morley experiment; search for ether. Postulates for the

special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction, time dilation,

velocity addition theorem, variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy equivalence, particle

with a zero rest mass.

UNIT -II

Statistical physics The statistical basis of thermodynamics: Probability and thermodynamic

probability, principle of equal a prior probabilities, probability distribution and its narrowing

with increase in number of particles. . The expressions for average properties. Constraints;

accessible and inaccessible states, distribution of particles with a given total energy into a

discrete set of energy states.

UNIT - III

Some universal laws: The ji- space representation, division of i- space into energy sheets and

into phase cells of arbitrary size, applications to onedimensional harmonic oscillator and free

particles. Equilibrium before two systems in thermal contact, bridge with macroscopic

physics. Probability and entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation. Statistical interpretation of

second law of thermodynamics. Boltzmann canonical distribution law and its applications;

rigorous form of equipartition of energy.

UNIT -IV

Maxwellian distribution of0 speeds in an ideal gas: Distribution of speeds and of velocities,

experimental verification, distinction between mean, r.m.s. and most probable speed values.

Doppler broadening of spectral lines. Page 19 Transition to quantum statistics: ‘h’ as a

natural constant and’ its implications, cases of particle in a one-dimensional box and one-

dimensional harmonic oscillator, Indistinguishability of particles and its consequences, Bose-

Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac distributions, photons in black body chamber, free electrons in a

metal, Fermi level and Fermi energy.

Course Outcome

1. Explains Galilean and special theory of Relativity.

2. Explains and interpret the statistical basis of thermodynamics

3. Describes some universal laws space representation and Statistical interpretation of second

law of thermodynamics.

4. Explains transition to quantum statics and ‘h’ as a natural constant and’ its implications


A. Beiser, “Concepts of Modern Physics” (McGraw-Hill).

B B Laud, “Introduction to Statistical Mechanics” (Macmillan 1981).

F Reif, “Statistical Physics” (McGraw-Hill 1988).

K Haung, “Statistical Physics” (Wiley Eastern, 1988)

PAPER II- SOLID STATE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Objectives

1. Understanding the arrangement of atoms forms different structure of materials,

Understanding Diffraction from crystal and reciprocal Lattice

2 To understand Crystal binding and lattice vibrations

3. Understanding General Properties of Nucleus, Nuclear Forces, Nuclear Forces and Natural

Radioactivity

4.To understand Nuclear Reactions, Accelerators and detectors and Elementary Particles

UNIT-I

Crystal Structure Lattice translation vectors and lattice, Symmetry operations, Basis and

Crystal structure, Primitive Lattice cell, Two-dimensional lattice types, systems, Number of

lattices, Point groups and plane groups, Three dimensional lattice types, Systems, Number of

Lattices, Points groups and space groups. Index system for crystal planes Miller indices,

Simple crystal structures, NaCI, hcp, diamond, Cubic ZnS; and hexagonal , Occurrence of

Nonideal crysal structures, random stacking of polyprism, glasses. Crystal Diffraction and

Reciprocal Lattice Incident beam, Bragg law, Experimental diffraction method, Laue method,

Rotating crystal method, Powder method, Derivation of scattered ‘wave amplitude, Fourier

analysis, Reciprocal lattice vectors, Diffraction conditions, Ewald method, Brillion zones,

Reciprocal lattice to sc, bcc and face lattices , Fourier analysis of the basis and atomic form

factor.

UNIT -II

Crystal Bindings Crystal of inert gases, Van der Walls-London interaction, repulsive

interaction, Equilibrium lattice constants, Cohesive energy, compressibility and bulk

modulus, ionic crystal, Madelung energy, evaluation of Madelung constant, Covalent

crystals, Hydrogen-bonded crystals, Atomic radii. Lattice Vibrations Lattice Heat capacity,

Einstein model, Vibrations of monatomic lattice, derivation of dispersion relation, First

brillouin zone, group velocity, continuum limit, Force constants, Lattice with two atoms per

primitive cell, derivation of dispersion relation, Acoustic and optical modes, Phonon

momentum. Free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, Heat capacity of electron

gas, Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons, Hall effect in metals. Origin of band

theory, Qualitative idea of Bloch theorem, KronigPenney model, Number of orbitals in a

band, conductor, Semi-conductor and insulators, Effective mass, Concept of holes.

UNIT - III

Nuclear Physics 1. General Properties of Nucleus: Brief survey of general Properties of the

Nucleus, Mass defect and binding energy, charges, Size, Spin and Magnetic moment,

Bainbridge mass spectrograph. 2. Nuclear Forces: Saturation phenomena and Exchange

forces, Deutron ground state properties. 3. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model and Bethe

Weiszacker mass formula, Single particle shell model (only the level scheme in the context of

reproduction of magic numbersNatural Radioactivity: Fundamental laws of radioactivity,

Soddy-Fajan’s displacement law and law of radioactive disintegration, Basic ideas about α, β

and ϒ decay.

UNIT-IV

1. Nuclear Reactions: Nuclear reactions and their conservation laws, Cross section of nuclear

reactions, Theory of fission (Qualitative), Nuclear reactors and Nuclear fusion. 2.

Accelerators and detectors: Vande Graff, Cyclotron and Synchrotron, Interaction of charged

particles and gamma rays with matter (qualitative), GM counter, Scintillation counter and

neutron detectors. 3. Elementary Particles: Basic classification based on rest mass, Spin and

half life, particle interactions (gravitational, Electromagnetic, week and strong Interactions).

Course Outcomes

1. Develop a clear concept of the crystal classes and symmetries and to understand the

relationship between the real and reciprocal space.

2. Calculate the Braggs conditions for X-ray diffraction in crystals

3. Create understanding of electronic and vibrational properties of solid state systems.

4. Develop a clear concept of Nucleus, Nuclear Forces, Nuclear Modelsandf radioactive

disintegration

5. Create understanding of Nuclear Reactions, Accelerators and detector and Elementary

Particles.

Text and Reference Books C. Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”- Vth Edition

(John Wiley & Sons). H.S. Mani and G.K. Mehta, “Introduction to Modern Physics”

(Affiliated East-West Press— 1989). A. Beiser, “Perspectives of Modern Physics”.

PAPER III - SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS

Objectives

1. to understand Diffusion of minority carriers in semiconductor different diodes their

importance at High frequencies

2. To understand Transistor parameters and Equivalent circuit for transistors, Basic model,

hybrid model

3. Understanding Current and Voltage gain, Biasing formulae for transistor and Transistor

Power amplifiers

4. Acquiring knowledge of FET, MOSFET, Power Supplies and phototransistors, Silicon

Controlled rectifiers

UNIT-I

Diffusion of minority carriers in semiconductor, work function in metals and semiconductors

Junctions between metal and semiconductors, Semiconductor and semiconductor, p.n.

Junction, Depletion layer, Junction Potential Width of depletion layer, Field and Capacitance

of depletion layer, Forward A.C. and D.C. resistance of junction, Reverse Breakdown. Zener

and Avalanche diodes, Tunnel diodes, Point contact diode, their importance at High

frequencies, LED photodiodes, Effect of temperature on Junction diode Thermistors.

UNIT -II

Transistor parameters, base width modulation, transit time and life-time of minority carriers,

Base- Emitter resistance Collector conductance, Base spreading resistance, Diffusion

capacitance, Reverse feedback ratio, Equivalent circuit for transistors, Basic model, hybrid

model and Y parameter equivalent circuit, Input and output impedances.

UNIT III

Current and Voltage gain, Biasing formulae for transistors, Base bias, emitter bias and mixed

type bias and mixed type biasing for small and large signal operation. Transistor circuit

application at law frequencies, their AC and DC equivalent for three different modes of

operation, Large signal operation of transistors, Transistor Power amplifiers, Class A and B

operation, Maximum power output Effect of temperature, heat sinks, thermal resistance

Distorsion in amplifiers, cascading of stages, Frequency response, Negative and positive

feedback in transistor amplifiers.

UNIT -IV

Field effect transistors and their characteristics, biasing of FET, use in preamplifiers ,

MOSFET and their simple uses. Page 23 Power Supplies: Electronically regulated low and

high voltage power supplies, Inverters for battery operated equipments. Miscellaneous: Basic

linear integrated circuits, phototransistors, Silicon Controlled rectifiers, Injunction transistor

and their simple uses.

Course Outcome

1. . Develop a clear concept of Diffusion of charge carriers in semiconductor, work function

in metals and semiconductors Junctions

2. Calculate theTransistor parameters, Basic model, hybrid model and Y parameter equivalent

circuit, Input and output impedances.

3. Developing the concept of classification of Power Amplifiers

4. Describes FET, MOSFET, Power Supplies, Basic linear integrated circuits


B G Streetman; “Solid State Electronic Devices”, UK Edition (Prentice-Hall of India. New

Delhi, 1986). W D Stanley; “Electronic Devices, Circuits and Applications” (Prentice-Hall,

New Jersey, USA. 1988).

J D Ryder; “Electronics Fundamentals and Applications” 1jnd Edition\ (Prentice-Hall of

India. New Delhi, 1986).

I Miliman and A Grabel; “Microelectronics”, International. Edition (McGraw-Hill Book

Company, New York, 1988).

Ramabai Ambedkar Government Degree College,

Gajraula, (Amroha)

Department of Mathematics

B.Sc. Mathematics Course Outcomes

Prepared By:

Dr. Shweta Agarwal, Assistant Professor and Head

B.Sc. First Year Paper I

ALGEBRA and TRIGONOMETRY

Course Outcomes

After completing this subject, the students are able to:

1. Describe convergence and divergence of a series. They can also test the given series is

Absolutely or conditionally convergent.

2. Discuss Group and their properties.

3. Understand about Homomorphism and Isomorphism in a group.

4. Define Ring, Integral domain and Fields.

5. Separate complex number into real and imaginary parts and can solved the problems related

to Summation of series.

B.Sc. First Year Paper II

CALCULAS

Course Outcomes


1. Calculate the nth differentiation of a function by implement the Leibnitz’s theorem.

2. Expand the function by using Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series. They can also describe

Partial differentiation and Jacobians.

3. Calculate Maxima and Minima, Tangents and normals, Curvature, Envelopes and Evolutes

and Asymptotes of a given function.

4. Draw or trace the curves

5. Use Beta and Gamma functions and their formulas for calculations.

6. Solve the problems related to Quadrature, Rectification, Volumes and surfaces of solids

of revolution by using double and triple integral.

B.Sc. First Year Paper III

GEOMETRY and VECTOR CALCULUS

Course Outcomes


1. Understand general equation of second degree, Tracing of conics, System of conics, Confocal

conics, Polar equation of a conic and its properties.

2. Explain equation and properties of 3D system of co-ordinates, Plane, Straight line, Sphere,

cone and cylinder.

3. Describe Central conicoids, Reduction of general equation of second degree, Tangent plane

and normal to a conicoid, Pole and polar, Conjugate diameters, Generating lines, Plane

sections.

4. Solve the problems related to Vector differentiation and integration. They are also able to

explain Gradient, divergence and curl and their properties.

5. Apply the theorems of Gauss, Green and Stokes and problems based on these theorems.

B.Sc. Second Year Paper I

LINEAR ALGEBRA and MATRICES

Course Outcomes


1. Explain vector spaces, its related theorems and problems.

2. Solve the problem related to Linear transformations, Range and null space, Rank and nullity,

Matrix representation of linear transformations, Change of basis.

3. Basic idea about Linear functional, Annihilators and Inner product space.

4. Distinguish the different matrices and their properties.

5. Solve the system of linear (both homogeneous and non-homogeneous) equations by using

eigen values and eigen vector of a matrix.

B.Sc. Second Year Paper II

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS and INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS

Course Outcomes


1. Formulate and solve the linear differential equation with constant coefficients, Homogeneous

linear differential equations, Simultaneous linear differential equations with constant

coefficients and Linear differential equations of the second order.

2. Describe Legendre and Bessel functions and their properties.

3. Formulate the partial differential equation and solve these equations by using Lagrange’s

equations, Charpit’s general method and Monge’s method.

4. Use Laplace and Fourier transform for solving ordinary and partial differential equations.

B.Sc. Second Year Paper III

MECHANICS

Course Outcomes


1. Describe the velocity and acceleration along radial and transverse directions, and along

tangential and normal directions.

2. Describe Simple harmonic motion, Motion under other laws of forces, Earth attraction, Elastic

strings.

3. Classify the motion in resisting medium, Constrained motion (circular and cycloidal only),

Rocket motion.

4. Formulate the equations of Common catenary, Centre of gravity, Stable and unstable

equilibrium, Virtual work.

5. Execute forces in 3D.

B.Sc. Third Year Paper I

REAL ANALYSIS

Course Outcomes


1. Define Countable and uncountable sets, Neighbourhood, Interior points, Limit points, Open

and closed sets, Derived sets, Dense sets, Perfect sets.

2. Test the given sequence or series of functions is convergent, divergent, oscillatory or

uniformly convergent.

3. Solve the problems and proves theorems related to limit, continuity, differentiability and

uniform continuity.

4. Execute the Riemann integral, Improper integrals and their related theorems.

5. Discuss the basic idea about metric space and cantor’s set.

B.Sc. Third Year Paper II

COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Course Outcomes


1. Identify the analytic function and can solve the problems related to Harmonic functions,

Orthogonal system.

2. Describe the Conformal transformations and execute the problem related to inverse and

critical points.

3. Solve the problem related to Complex Integration and Line integral by using Cauchy’s

fundamental theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville theorem.

4. Find the Singularities and zeros of an analytic function. They can also implement the Rouche’s

theorem, Fundamental theorem of algebra and Argument principle.

5. Use Residue theorem and its applications to the evaluation of definite integrals.

B.Sc. Third Year Paper III

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Course Outcomes


1. Implement the Newton-Gregory’s forward and backward, Newton’s divided difference,

Lagrange’s, Gauss, Striling’s, Bessel’s and Everett’s interpolation formulae for calculating

forward, backward and central interpolation.

2. Find integration by using Trapezoidal, Simpson’s rules, Weddle’s rule and Cote’s formula.

3. Implement Euler’s method, Picard’s method, Runge-Kutta method and Milne’s method to

solve linear, homogeneous and simultaneous difference equations.

4. Execute the iteration, bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods for solving

transcendental and polynomial equations.

5. Solve the problems related to approximations.

B.Sc. Third Year Paper IV

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Course Outcomes


1. Formulate the general linear programming problem.

2. Solve general linear programming equations by using Graphical method, Simplex

method, Big-M method, Two phase method, Dual simplex method.

3. Solve problems related to sensitivity analysis and integer programming.

4. Solve problems related to Transportation and Assignment.

Ramabai Ambedkar Government Degree College,Gajraula, Dist-Amroha.UP

Outcome of chemistry subject in B.Sc (bio & math )course:-

There are huge applications and importance of B.Sc chemistry subject course. After completing B.Sc degree from this college and university, our students will be able to understand the importance and uses of chemistry in the following explained fields. They will understand chemical industries, nature, environment, air pollution, waterpollution, soil pollution and ecosystem. The students will be able to start their own business like small chemical factory, dairy, soap and detergent, paper, glass, dye, textile, cement, leather, fiber, metals, alloys, plastic, dairy, oil, detergents, perfumes, paints and related industries. The students will be able to get job in different chemical industries after doing suitable training. They can do master degree ( M.Sc) in chemistry, math or physics. They will be better citizen.

Chemistry is very essential to understand our health, body functions, environment, universe, ecosystem, to choose healthy food, work of medicines, cleaning and hygiene, explosives, paper making, what is plastic, all manufacturing metal works, leather works, how chemicals are produced and changes in to other chemicals, paint manufacturing, oil and food production, cement, textile, fibers, nutrients and pollutants, composition of soil, composition of air, composition of different type ofwater, different type of fuels and domestic articles etc. Thus chemistry must be a essential subject for scientific development of all students up to 10th class.

Chemistry is a branch of science in which we study composition, structure, properties and uses of all the substances found in the nature. In chemistry we studythe changes in different form of matter/substances in different conditions and the laws which govern these changes. In chemistry we also study the analysis of the elements, acidic and basic radicals, inorganic and organic molecules.

Importance of Chemistry Course of B.Sc

1-Food and its production — The study of chemistry Provide us different fertilizers like- urea, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and calcium superphosphate etc. These fertilizers help us to increase the production of

vegetables, fruits, grains, pulses, rice, spices, wheat and maize etc. The study of chemistry Provide us methods to protect our crops from bacteria and insects by the use of fungicides, pesticides and insecticides. Chemistry help us to produce preservatives which keep our food products useful for long time.

2-In maintaining health---Chemistry gives us a large number of life saving medicines and drugs. Chemistry teaches how food changes on cooking and how our body uses this food. Chemistry teaches how fat, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, enzymes and drugs help us to make our body healthy. a-Sulphure drugs and penicillin can cure dysentery and pneumonia. Cisplatin and Taxol are very effective in cancer therapy. AZT is useful for AIDS patients. b-Antibiotics— To cured infectious diseases.c-Antiseptics— To curb infections in wounds.d-Analgesics— It help to reduce pain.e-Disinfectants— To kill bacteria and viruses in house and office..f-Anaesthetics— It has made surgical operations very successful. .g-Tranquillisers—To reduce tension and anxiety in patients.h-Insecticides—To kill insects. Like-DDT and Gammexane.

3- Knowledge of Different Aspect of life — Chemistry course help us to provide a- Knowledge of metals and Alloys- Chemistry course help us to provide complete knowledge of Iron, Aluminum, zinc, Copper, Gold, Silver, tin and Lead. Stainless steel and brass, b- Knowledge of Building materials- Chemistry course help us to provide complete knowledge of Steel, Cement and bricks c- Knowledge of Plastic and Synthetic fibers- Chemistry course help us to provide complete knowledge of Rayon, Nylon,, Polyesters, Terylene, PVC, HDPE and other plastics & fibers. d- Knowledge of Entertainments related things- Chemistry course help us to provide knowledge that video film reel is made of celluloid, plastic and AgBr silver bromide chemicals. Knowledge of Fireworks, fire Crackers and explosives. e- Knowledge of Transport- Chemistry course help us to provide complete knowledge of all hydrocarbons and fuels as-petrol, diesel and coal for transport. f- Knowledge of Nuclear Atomic Energy- Chemistry course help us to providecomplete knowledge of nuclear reactor, nuclear energy, nuclear reactions and other nuclear reactor related things.

g- Knowledge of Domestic Articles-. Chemistry course help us to provide

complete knowledge of domestic articles as replacement of coolant CFCS by refrigerants like- liquid sulphur dioxide, ammonia, and freon.Complete knowledge of House wares like - glass, plastic, detergents, perfumes, oils, fats, cooking gas, sugar, cosmetics, paper, paints etc. h- Knowledge of Synthetic Dyes- Chemistry course help us to provide knowledge of different type of synthetic dyes and synthetic fibers.

4-Chemistry in Industry- Chemistry course help us to provide complete chemicals knowledge of paper, glass, dye, textile, cement, leather, fiber, metals, alloys, plastic, dairy, oil, detergents, perfumes, paints, sugar and chemical industries. 5-Chemistry in war--Chemistry course help us to provide chemicals knowledge of powerful explosives like- dynamite, TNT, nitroglycerine dangerous chemicals- Phosgene,, mustard gas etc.6-Cleaning—Study of chemistry course help to understand how cleaning mechanism of soap and detergents with water works. How bleaching action take place. 7-Environment issues—Chemistry is the heart of all environmental issues. It teaches what make one chemical nutrient and other chemical as pollutant. How canwe make our environment healthy. It teaches how we can remove different type of pollutants from water, soil and air. We use many chemicals in daily life and as human beings we perform many chemical activities daily without knowing it. Our body is made of huge number of chemicals and many chemical reactions take placeall the time in our body like- when we breath, eat, take bath, walk, think and sleep.All matter/substances of this universe are made of different chemicals.

8-Detailed study of all matters/ substances— In chemistry we study composition, structure, properties and uses of all the substances found in the nature and in the universe. In chemistry we study the changes in different form of matter/substancesin different conditions and the laws which govern these changes. In chemistry we also study the analysis of the elements, acidic and basic radicals, inorganic and organic molecules. From Mr manmohan Verma Assistant professor --Chemistry

Outcomes of Physical Education Course

Physical Education course is running since 2018 in the B.A. program of College as a one choice based subject out of three courses.

First Year B.A.:

Theory Papers (60 Marks):

Paper I: Foundation of Physical Education (30 Marks) Total 100 Marks

Paper I: History of Physical Education (30 Marks)

Practical (40 Marks)

Second Year B.A.:


Paper I: Anatomy & Physiology in Physical Education (30 Marks) Total 100

Paper I: Health Education (30 Marks) Marks


Third Year B.A.:


Paper I: Psychological Foundation of Physical Education (60 Marks) Total 200

Paper I: Athletic Injuries & Rehabilitation (60 Marks) Marks


Goals and objectives of physical education as well as other career options are much more. The

top 3 goals of physical education program are: Developing Teamwork, Sportsmanship,

and Cooperation. Physical education allows students to experience healthy social

interactions, teaching cooperation through group activities, and encouraging teamwork

through identification as one part of a team.

The student will know the role of sport, fitness, and physical education in life and for our society,

including the historical development and the issues.

Students will acquire knowledge and demonstrate skills to safely engage in physical activity.

Students will learn intermediate postures and will develop strength, endurance, and increased

flexibility.

Graduates will select and create learning experiences that are appropriate for curriculum

goals, relevant to learners, show evidence of sequential learning, incorporate

modifications for variations in learning styles and performance, and are based on the

principles of effective instruction.

Graduates will demonstrate competence in movement skills, analyze the performance of

motor skills (particularly team and individual sports activities and dance/rhythms), as well

as prepare and teach written lesson plans which address student learning of motor skills

and analysis and assessment of these skills.

Graduates will describe and apply physiological and biomechanical concepts related to

skillful movement, movement patterns, motor development and motor learning,

biomechanics and developmental readiness to learn.

Graduates will plan and adapt instruction for diverse student needs including specific

accommodations and/or modifications for student exceptionalities and specialized needs.

Graduates will maintain a health-enhancing level of fitness throughout the program as well

as be able to collect and analyze personal fitness data.

Successful graduates of the course can expect to admit in the job oriented physical education

related programs such as B.P.Ed., NIS Diploma in Sports Coaching, Masters in Sports Psychology, Yogic Science & Human Consciousness, Sports Management, Sports Biomechanics, Exercise Physiology, Sports Journalism, Fitness Management, Sports Diet & Nutrition, Adventure Sports & Tourism Management, etc.

The industry increasing with experience and skill set. Such graduates with related job oriented programs are hired in capacities such as: Physical Education Teacher, Athletic Trainer, and

Sports Coach, Psychologist, Physiotherapist, Journalist, Manager & Nutrition Expert, Yoga Trainer & Therapist, Fitness Trainer, etc.

program / course outcomes

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