prof. r. shanthini 12 nov 2012 1 sd is the environmental, economic and social well-being for today...
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Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012
1
SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being
for today and tomorrow.
CP551 Sustainable Development(SD)
Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development
Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012
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Module 1:
Components of SD: environment, economy & society
Games and group discussions to introduce the need for Sustainable Development in today’s world
Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012
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Discussion Point 1:
Write a list of what is to be developed and what is to be sustained from your point of view considering your values and beliefs.
Take 10 mins.
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For how
long?
25 to 50 years?
Now and in the
future?
Forever?
What is to be sustained?
Life supportEcosystem services
ResourcesEnvironment
NatureEarth
BiodiversityEcosystems
CommunityCultures/Groups
Places
What is to be developed?
EconomyWealth
Productive sectorsConsumption
PeopleLife expectancy
EducationEquity
Equal opportunity
SocietyInstitutions
Social capitalStates/ Regions
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ECONOMICS Production & ResourcingExchange & TransferAccounting & RegulationConsumption & UseLabour & WelfareTechnology & InfrastructureWealth & Distribution
POLITICS
Organization & GovernanceLaw & JusticeCommunication & MovementRepresentation & NegotiationSecurity & AccordDialogue & ReconciliationEthics & Accountability
ECOLOGY
CULTURE
Materials & EnergyWater & Air
Flora & FaunaHabitat & FoodPlace & Space
Constructions & SettlementsEmission & Waste
Engagement & IdentityRecreation & Creativity
Memory & ProjectionBelief & Meaning
Gender & GenerationsEnquiry & LearningHealth & Wellbeing
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SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:
Dr. Gro Harlem BrundtlandFormer Prime Minister, NorwayFormer Chair/ World Commission onEnvironment and Development
Responsible for the broad political concept of SD
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“
- “Our Common Future”, 1987
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It is assumed in the above definition that the state of technology and the social organizations today are unable to meet present and future needs of everyone, including the world’s poor.
SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“
- “Our Common Future”, 1987
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Three pillars model of SD (ideal)
How do they relate to each other?
(Social Equity)
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Discussion Point 2:
Let us choose anything that help in the economic growth or our well being and discuss it from the point of view of the three pillars of sustainability: economic economic prosperity, environmental protection prosperity, environmental protection and social justice (equity).and social justice (equity).
Take 20 mins.
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Environment
Economic
Social
sustainable
Euler diagram of SD
Bearable
EquitableViable
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Environment
Economic
Social
sustainable
Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)
Bearable
EquitableViable
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As the circles overlaps
sustainability is becoming
more and more realizable
sustainability
Environmental protection
Economic prosperity
Social justice
Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)
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Discussion Point 3:
Let us identify something that brings the circles of economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice to overlap on each other.
Take 20 mins.
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Nature should be manipulated to make humanity’s existence
better
Nature helps humanity’s existence and should be treated with respect and
humility
Technocentric Ecocentric
Present economic system is accepted, but considered to
require some gradual revision
Rapid and fundamental changes in economy
and society are desired
Sustainable development through rational use of
resource, better planning and clean technologies
Sustainable development through alternative and
appropriate technologies
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SocietySociety
EnvironmentEnvironment
EconomyEconomy
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The Egg of sustainability:
ecosystem
people
International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1994
Stresses & benefits
from ecosystem
to people
Stresses & benefits from people to ecosystem
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Some landmarks in SD
Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June 1992.
In the Earth Summit, the World committed to the following:
- Development should be sustainable.
- Eradicating poverty and reducing disparities in living standards in different parts of the world are essential to achieve sustainable development.
Guidelines to achieve the commitment: Agenda 21
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Some landmarks in SD
Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June 1992.
Other outcomes:
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
- and more…..
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United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) established in Dec 1992
Earth Summit 2002 or World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002
United States did not attend it.
Some landmarks in SD
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Rio+20 (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 20-22 June 2012)
Some landmarks in SD
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Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year
Ind
ex,
19
92
= 1
00
GDP (2005 PPP $)
GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)
Population
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100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year
Ind
ex,
19
92
= 1
00
GDP (2005 PPP $)
GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)
Population
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
- global population up by 28%
- global GDP per capita up by 48%
- global GDP up by 89%
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
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Range of GDP per capita of individual countries (in 2005 PPP $):
- 200 to 68,800 in 1992 - 300 to 73,350 in 2011
Wide gap existing between the extremities of the economic status of countries has remained persistently the same over the last twenty years.
Number of people living in slums: - increased by 26% - 656 million in 1990 to 827 million in 2010
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012
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Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year
Ind
ex,
19
92
= 1
00
GDP per capita CEU CO2CEU per capitaCO2 per capitaCEU per GDPCO2 per GDP
CEU: Commercial Energy USECO2: Carbon Dioxide Emission
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
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- vertebrate (comprising birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish) populations have declined by 30% since 1970 and a continuing decline is expected.
- almost 20% of the vertebrate species are threatened by extinction and the levels of threat are increasing fastest for corals
- number of fish species threatened has increased from 5680 in 2010 to 6213 in 2011, which is a 9% increase in a year
Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20
Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43
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An engineering example for unsustainable development