t~

Fourth Annual WUSS Conference

San Francisco t2!JD

PROCEEDINGS

Western Users of SAS Software San Francisco Grand Hyatt

on Union Square September 4-6,1996

Proceedings of the

Fourth Annual Western Users of SAS® Software

Regional Users Group Conference

San Francisco Grand Hyatt September 4-6, 1996

Conference Co-Chairs Patricia Gerend, Genentech Inc.

Louise Weiler, Pacific Gas & Electric Company

Westem Users of SAS Software Proceedings

These Proceedings were prepared by the Western Users ofSAS Software 1996 Confer­ence Commitee with Sy Truong as the editor. SAS Institute has kindly printed and assembled the finished product.

To order copies, contact: Art Carpenter CALOXY 4239 Serena Avenue Oceanside, CA 92056-5018 phone: 619-945-0613 email: 72212.211@compuserve.corn

Western Users of SAS Software Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Regional Conference

Copyright 1996 by the Western Users of SAS Software Printed in USA.

Trademarks The SAS® System ~an inleglated syslem olsollwale providilg complete oonlrol over data access. managemenl, analysis, and pi!Selllalion. Base SAS sol!ware is the loundalion ol1he SAS System. Products din the SAS System inclJde SAS/ACCESS®, SAS/AI'e, SAS/ASSIST4D, SASI CAI.Ce, SAS/COiiiECT4D,SAS/CPEe, SAS/Illlle, SAS/El&l, ~USIIII.SAS/ET5411,SASIFSPe,SASIGRiii'He,SAS/ IMAGEe,~SASIINSIGIIT®,SAS/ LABe,SASJNIJISIOIIII,SASIORt,SASIPII-Cili:ai,SASfQOO, SASIREPI.AY.CICS4D,SAS/5ESSIOII®,SASI'SHARE4D,SASI SPECTRAVIEWt,SASISTATe,SASITOOI.KI'I1I,SASI TRADER®. SAS/TUTOR®, SAS/DB2, SASIGEO, SAS/GIS, SASIJ'H.I<ineli, SASISHARE"NET, SASISOL.OS, and SASI

, WAREHOUSE AOMlNISTRATORIIsol!ware.Othe!SAS lnsll!ule ~ ... S'ISTEM 2110011 Data Managemeol Software, will basi: SYSTEII2000, CREATE, Mui!HJser,

' QueX. Scree11 Wiler, and CICS intOI!ace sol!ware; Info Tap» saftwln;NeoV'ouals®sol!ware;JMI'e,JMPIN®.JMPSerlet, and JMP Oesignesaftwln; SASIR'IERMt softwlre; 1he SASI ce Compiler and 111e SAS/CXe Coolpier; VtSUaiSpace sollware; and Errwlrs4D sollware. MuliVendor Aldliter:lule and IIVA .,. trademaris of SAS 1ns11!u1e Inc. SAS lnstllule also offers SAS Consullingll, SAS Vileo Produdions41, Ambassador Soled®, and Qn.Sie AmbassadorSM service$. Aulllarli1efl, Books by UsersSM The Encore Series. JMPer Cable®, Ollservaliarllr, SAS Communir:ations®, SAS TrBige, SAS Views8, 1he SASware Balole, and SelecText doarmenla!ioo are publislled by SAS lnslllute Inc. The SAS V'rdea l'nlduclions logo anrl1he Books by u- SAS lnstllule's Author SeMc:e logo are regislered aervice marts. AD trademaris above are registered lrademarts or lrademarts of SAS lnslllute Inc. il the USA and Giller aHIIIfrieS.

4Dindicates USA regislnllion. The lnstllule is a private company devoted to the support and furtller developnent of is softWare and ro1atec1 service$. Other lnrxl and pnxlud names are registered lrademarts " tnrdemarl<s of tl1ei' respedive companieL

Table of Contents

FORWARD

Forward..................................................................................... xiv Conference Planners ................................................................... xvi Executive Committee .................................................................. xvii Upcoming Conferences .............................................................. xviii WUSS '95 Best Contributed Papers . ... . . ........ .... .. . . .. . .. ... . . ... . .. . . . .. xix

APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT Building a Simple SAS Macro to Generate SQL 1 Instructions in Frequently Used DB2 Tables Monique Bryher, MRI Consulting Inc.

ClinOSTM: A Commercially Available Set of Tools for SAS 6 Programmers Lindley Frahm, Genentech Inc.

Data Know Thyself: W • A Macro to Tell You 14 EWerything You Need to Know About Data Set Characteristics Karsten M. Self, PM Squared Inc.

Design, Analysis and Review Tools for Clinical Drug 19 Development Using SAS Object-Oriented Products David H. Christiansen, Genentech Inc.

Developing Applications with the SAS System with 27 Emphasis on the SQL Query Window Ju/i Staub Perry, SAS Institute Inc. Henrietta Cummings, SAS Institute Inc.

GUI to CRSP and COMPUSTAT Data 37 Peter C. C. Luan, Arizona State University

How I Developed User Friendly Applications in a Batch 41 Environment and Lived to Write About It Curtis A. Smith, Defense Contract Audit Agency

ii

How Symbolic Variables Can Reduce Code in a Graphics 48 Environment Monique Bryher, MRI Consulting Inc.

Object, Object, More Objects 54 K Deva Kumar, SAS Institute Inc. Tammy Gagliano, SAS Institute Inc. Patti Brideson, SAS Institute Inc.

SAS/EIS Software for Rapid Application Development 62 Regina Louie, SAS Institute Inc.

Using SAS to Create WWW Pages 63 Tim Berryhill, Pacific Gas and Electric Company

Using SAS to Process the Data on Tape 67 Ying Zhou, Southern California Association of Governments

Using SAS/AF Software for Data Warehouse 70 Applications: From Raw Data to Reports Joseph Campbell, CBC Consulting Robert Bachler, CBC Consulting

Using Survey Data -Tips to Pick Up Speed on the 76 Road to Analysis Cynthia L Williamson, Technology Assessment Group Inc. Suzanne D. Kreutzer, Social Policy Research Associates

CODERS' CORNER %BYVARS: Determining the Order of Variable 83 Names in a Macro Parameter Standish W. Stbley, Pacific Gas and Electric Company

P's Porridge: Whafs In Those Brown Manuals? 86 Jack Hamilton, HealthCare COMPARE Corp.

PROC SQL as an Alternative to Multiple SORT/MERGE 91 Statements Robert Bachler, CBC Consulting

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"Rank Ordering" Means 94 Diana Suhr, University of Northern Colorado

Resolving and Using &&var&i Macro Variables 99 Arthur L. Carpenter. California Occidental Consultants

Survival Analysis with Staggered Entry Times and a 103 Time-dependent Covariate Alison J. Canchola, University of California, San Francisco

Tips, Tricks, and Traps Using SAS on the Mainframe 108 Ron Ridley, California Department of Health SeNices

DATA PRESENTATION New Query & Reporting Capabilities in SASIASSIST 111 Software Chris Hanson, SAS Institute Inc.

Plots with Generalized Confidence Intervals Using 112 SAS/GRAPH Unda C. Whitehand, USDA, Agricultural Research Service Bruce E. Mackey, USDA, Agricultural Research Service

Preliminary Data Mining for Subgroups in a Hospital 117 Inpatient Population Anthony M. Dymond, Independent Consultant

SAS Automatic Forecasting Methods in Practice 123 Margery H. Connor, Chevron Information Technology Company

Using PROC REPORT to Summarize Clinical Safety Data 125 Justina M. Flavin, Synteract Inc.

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DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT ClinAccess™: An Integrated Client/Server Approach to 131 Clinical Data Management and Regulatory Approval Martin J. Rosenberg, MAJARO lnfoSystems Inc.

Breaking Down the Barriers Using ODBC to Share Data 141 Between SAS and Other Applications Andrew James Uwel/yn Cary, Cary Consulting Services

Cross Platform Generation of Reports from Oracle Using 151 SAS on MVS, Macintosh and AIX Marvyn Undsey, The California State University Office of the Chancellor

Data Warehouse: A Telecommunications Business 157 Solution Demetris Papaiacovou, Philos Computer Solutions Inc. Larry D. Bramblett, Pacific Bell June Burgess, Pacific Bell

Data Warehousing with the SAS System 162 Terry L. Lewis, SAS Institute Inc.

Introduction to SAS/ACCESS Software 167 Andy Wilcox, Destiny Corporation

Loading SAS Data in lnformix: An Integrated Approach 169 M. Kumar Sagar, Genentech Inc.

Measuring Performance Between PROC SQL and the 174 Merge Approach Martin Haase, HealthCare COMPARE Corp.

Multi-dimensional Data Model Extensions to 179 Data Warehouses John Mcintyre, SAS Institute Inc.

Tips and Techniques for Updating a Repository Data 187 Warehouse Ty Lee, Genentech Inc.

v

Warehouse NOW! The Legacy Uncovered 193 Jay A. Jaffe, Kaiser Permanente

Why Knowing About Our Customers Helps Our Business: 198 A Practical Application of Business Intelligence Software John Mcintyre, SAS Institute Inc. Marc Halsted, NationsBank

FORMAL ONLINE DEMOS Applications Development Tools 209 Deva Kumar, SAS Institute Inc.

Comprehensive Data Management with the SQL 210 Query Window Henrietta Cummings, SAS Institute Inc.

Data Review Using SASIPH-Ciinical 2.0 Software 211 Michael Roberson, SAS Institute Inc.

Data Warehouse Storage/Exploitation - SAS Star Schema 212 Implementation Leigh Ihnen, SAS Institute Inc.

Integrating the SAS System with the World Wide Web 213 Jack Wallace, SAS Institute Inc.

Maximizing your Ad-Hoc Query Needs with SASIASSIST 214 Software Velerie Howell, SAS Institute Inc.

ODBC: Making Data Readily Available to Everyone! 215 Chris Hanson, SAS Institute Inc.

SASIWarehouse Administrator- A New Tool 216 Terry Lewis, SAS Institute Inc.

Using the PFD Object in FRAME for Process Control 217 Applications Velerie Howell, SAS Institute Inc.

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Using the SAS System for OLAP John Mcintyre, SAS Institute Inc.

Using the SAS System for Time Series Analysis Regina Louie, SAS Institute Inc.

Using the SAS System to Mine Your Data Chris Hanson, SAS Institute Inc.

OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS

218

219

220

Can SAS Programs on PCs and Minis Finally Compete 221 with Mainframe SAS Programs Robert 0. Bernstein, California Department of Insurance

Date Variables in the Year 2000 227 Amber Elam, SAS Institute Inc.

Engineering Efficiency into SAS Applications 229 Kirk Paul Lafler, Software Intelligence Corporation

In-House SAS Training 235 Martin Haase, HealthCare COMPARE Corp.

Mainframe Directions 241 Gal}' Burchett, SAS Institute Inc. · David Quattlebaum, SAS Institute Inc.

Minimizing CPU Time of SAS Software Applications and 246 Getting Rewarded For It Daniel J. Leprince, Viking Freight Inc.

A Process for Simultaneous Porting of Applications to 251 Many Platforms Richard D. Langston , SAS Institute Inc.

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Use of MVS SAS/AF and SAS Tables in Pharmacy 253 Operations at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region Roberl Fields, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region Nick Barbadi/lo, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region Angel Sudario, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region Don Hurst, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region

Using the SAS System to Produce HTML-Based Text 254 Richard D. Langston, SAS Institute Inc.

POSTERS Analysis of Environmental Health Data by Different 259 Regression Models in Northern Nevada Wei Yang, University of Nevada, Reno Brian Jennison, University of Nevada, Reno Stanley Omaye, University of Nevada, Reno

From FoxPro for Windows to SAS Systems for 260 Mainframes Monica Johnston, Norlhem California Cancer Center Susan LeRoy Stewarl, Norlhem California Cancer Center

The Incredible Shrinking Report 261 Diana Suhr, University of Norlhem Colorado

SAS Macros and Fraud Detection in the Department of 266 Defense Wayne Woo, Defense Manpower Data Center Joyce Hamza, Defense Manpower Data Center

SAS Tools and Internet 271 Charles E. Shipp, Independent Consultant Kirk Paul Lafler, Software Intelligence Corporation Sunil K. Gupta, Gupta Programming

Using Data Step Programming to "Trick" SAS/GRAPH 275 J. David Dayton, The American Institutes for Research

Using PROC EXPAND with Time Series Data 276 Andrew H. Karp, Sierra Information SeNices Inc.

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Using the SAS System in the Principles of Economics 280 Course John F. Killeen, Loyola Marymount University Joseph Earley, Loyola Marymount University

STATISTICS Applying Generalized Linear Models to Discrete Response 283 Data Using the SAS System Ying C. So, SAS Institute Inc.

Contrasts, Cell Means Model, and Missing Cells 284 Joseph Campbell. CBC Consulting

The Effect of Poison Pills on Firm Risk: An Application 288 of Options Pricing Theory Thomas A. Turk, Chapman University Jeremy Goh, Chapman University

Exploratory Variable Clustering for Integrating Analyses 297 David J. Pasta, Technology Assessment Gr_oup Inc. Lori Potter, Technology Assessment Group Inc.

The lntraclass Correlation: What Is It and Why Do We 302 Care? David J. Pasta, Technology Assessment Group Inc.

Logistic Regression: From SAS Coding to Statistical 308 Interpretation Elizabeth Li, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente

Multicollinearity in Regression Model - Detection and 317 Remedial Measures Using SAS System George C. J. Fernandez, University of Nevada, Reno

Multivariate Statistical Power Analysis Using SAS 326 Martin D. Ht11, California Environmental Protection Agency and the University of Galifomia, Berkeley Rachel L. Broadwin, California Environmental Protection Agency and the University of California, Berkeley

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Repeated Measures Analysis with the SAS System 327 Kathleen Kiernan, SAS Institute Inc.

SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Growth Curve Models: 337 Application to a Longitudinal Group Randomization Study Biao Wm. Lu, American Institutes for Research Sandra Wilson, American Institutes for Research David Latini, American Institutes for Research David Dayton, American Institutes for Research

Using the GEE v2.02 SAS Macro to Adjust for Clustering 343 of Respondents Wrthin Interviewer in a Methodological National Probability Survey/Study Jesse A. Canchola, University of California, San Francisco

TUTORIALS Building Your First SAS/AF Frame Application 345 Elizabeth U, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente

Comparison of Different SAS Modules for Effective Data 346 Analyses George C. J. Fernandez, University of Nevada, Reno

Designing and Implementing SAS Programming 348 Standards: Examples and Suggestions Miriam Cisternas, Technology Assessment Group Inc. Marcia Stoddard, Technology Assessment Group Inc.

Dressing for Success with SAS Software Functions 353 Faith Renee Sloan, FRS Associates

How SAS Institute Can Work for You: A Panel Discussion 358 Michael L. Sperling, City of Phoenix, Arizona Susan J. Slaughter, University of California Extension, Davis Andrew H. Karp, Sierra Information Services Inc. SAS Institute Representative, SAS Institute Inc.

How to Get People to Work REAL Hard for No Money: 359 Managing Volunteer Organizations Claire Castell, Wells Fargo Bank

X

PROC SQL - A SAS Programmer's Perspective 362 Deborah L. Skinner, John Alden Life Insurance Company

SAS System Programming Tips and Efficiencies: 369 A Tutorial Andrew H. Karp, Sierra Information Services Inc.

System Development Life Cycle for SAS Applications 377 Development Incorporating a Procedure for As-Built Validation of In-Use Products Wayne Lanier, Resource Biometrics Inc. Deb Gilmore, Resource Biometrics Inc.

Using Dynamic Data Exchange with Microsoft Word 383 Jodie Gilmore, Freelance Technical Writer

Using SAS Views for Data Source Visualization 389 Steven A. Wilson, Resource Biometrics Inc.

What's Bugging You?: A Guide to Debugging SAS 399 Programs Susan J. Slaughter, University of California Extension, Davis Lora D. Delwiche, University of California, Davis

WUSS Bylaws ........................................................................... 409

Author Index .......................................................................... 415 Keyword Index....................................................................... 417

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CONFERENCE COCHAIRS Patricia Gerend Genentech Inc.

Louise Weiler Pacific Gas & Electric Company

CONFERENCE COMMinEE Ken Kulpa Trilogy Consulting Corp.

Kim LeBouton Independent Consultant

Sy Truong Sy Truong Consulting

Forward

Proceedings The Western Users of SAS Software Regional Users Group proudly presents these Pro­ceedings from the Fourth Annual WUSS Conference.

WUSS '96 was held from September 4-6, 1996 at the

Grand Hyatt on Union Square in

San Francisco, California. SAS

users attended from the WUSS

regional states of California, Arizona, Hawaii and Nevada, as

well as from many other states all the way to the east coast.

Patricia Gerend, manager of

statistical programming with

Genentech, was the Program

Chair, and Louise Weiler, a rates analyst at Pacific Gas and Electric Company, was the Operations Chair. Of the 78 papers presented at the confer­

ence, the full papers of 72 presentations are found in these

Proceedings.

WUSS'96 WUSS '96 built on the suc­cesses of the previous three

conferences. Comments on the

WUSS '95 User Feedback Form played an important role

in showing us ways to improve

the conference. For example,

we added the roommate locator service, theater ticket service, WUSS sponsored classes, the

random access lunch, and a poster session.

xiv

The Conference Committee and

staff worked on WUSS '96 for

ten months. Publications coordinator Sy Truong, facilities

coordinator Ken Kulpa, regis­

trar/treasurer Kim LeBouton,

audio/visual coordinator Sam

Oliver, and on-site registrar Tom

Eyerman consistently and generously gave their time, creativity and persistence to

wuss '96.

The keynote speaker at the

Welcoming Session was Dave

Brumitt, Director of Technical

Support at the SAS Institute.

Also during the Welcoming Session, Hillary Freeman, the

Western Regional Manager for

the Institute, discussed major areas of focus for the SAS Institute in 1996-1997. The

Welcoming Session concluded

with the fun-filled WUSS Bowl.

WUSS Happening, a dinner

buffet, music, dancing, door

prizes, and people talking about

whafs happening with them­

selves and with their uses of the

SAS System concluded the

opening day events for WUSS '96.

Throughout the two and a half

days of the conference, WUSS

'96 attendees attended paper

presentations in seven sections,

a Poster Section, Formal Online

Demos, a Vendor Exhibit Area,

Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions,

and the Random Access Lunch.

Several organizations provided financial support and/or in-kind services to the conference which made it possible to keep the registration fees low and provide a quality conference. We would like to gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the organizations listed below:

American Honda Motor Co. Chastain Research Group Conceptual Software Inc. Digital Equipment Corporation Genentech Inc. Pacific Gas and Electric Co. RAND Corporation SAS Institute Inc. Sun Microsystems Inc. Trilogy Consulting Corp.

We would also like to thank the SAS Institute for the support and guidance which they provided. Their support has been essential to the success of WUSS '96. Michael Smith, the Senior Users Group Liaison, Hillary Freeman, the Western Regional Manager, and Tim Lehman, a Senior Technical Consultant, Business Solutions Division, were always respon­sive, patient, and helpful as we prepared for WUSS '96. Also essential to the conference are the speakers, section chairs, session coordinators, judges, and attendees. Special thanks go to our diligent editors and

XV

proof-readers: Ted Almida, Sondra Becchetti, Carol Bogardus, Leticia Chand, Patricia Moore, Beth Musick, Kevin Parry, Steve Schulz, and Dan Weiler.

Thank you for your participation and for attending WUSS '96. The conference planners hope the benefits to you were more than you expected.

We look forward to seeing you in Universal City for WUSS '97.

Patricia Gerend & Louise Weiler WUSS '96 Co-Chairs

CONFERENCE CD-CHAIRS Patricia Gerend Genentech Inc. Program Chair

Louise Weiler Pacific Gas & Electric Company Operations Chair

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Ken Kulpa Trilogy Consulting Corp. Facilities

Kim LeBouton Independent Consultant Registrar

Sy Truong Sy Truong Consulting Publications

CONFERENCE STAFF Tom Eyerman City of Phoenix On-site Registrar

Sam Oliver Toyota Motor Company AudioNisual Coordinator

Sy Truong Sy Truong Consulting Graphic Design and Page Layout

Stacy Young Laser Typesetting and Graphics Graphic Illustrator

Conference Planners

SITE SELECTION COMMITTEE Sally Carson RAND Corporation wuss '97

Marian Oshiro RAND Corporation wuss '97

Tracy Cermack American Honda Motor Com­pany wuss '98

SECTION CHAIRS Helen Carey Independent Consultant Data Presentation

Amy Caron Independent Consultant Coders' Comer

John Groves California Polytechnic State University Department of Statistics Statistics Co-Chair

Sunil Gupta Gupta Programming Posters

Yvette Hill Amgen Random Access Lunch

Phillip Liu Genentech Inc. Applications Development

xvi

M. Kumar Sagar Genentech Inc. Data Warehousing and Database Management

Steve Schulz Independent Consultant Operating Environments

Paul Thomas Douglas Aircraft Company Statistics Co-Chair

Steve Wilson Resource Biometrics Inc. Tutorials

SAS INSTITUTE COORDINATORS Hillary Freeman SAS Institute Inc.

Tim Lehman SAS Institute Inc.

Michael Smith SAS Institute Inc.

Executive Commitee

Sandy Bauer Sun Microsystems Inc.

Carol Bogardus Syntex USA Inc.

Ginger Carey University of Hawaii

Helen Carey Independent Consultant

Art Carpenter CALOXY

Claire Castell Wells Fargo Bank

Tracy Cermack American Honda Motor Company

Patricia Gerend Genentech Inc.

Marian Oshiro RAND Corporation

Michael Sperling City of Phoenix

Louise Weiler Pacific Gas & Electric Company

xvii

Upcoming Conferences

wuss '97 October 22-24, 1997 Hotel: Sheraton Universal Hotel City: Universal City, california

wuss '98 October 14-16, 1998 Hotel: Oakland Marriott City Center City: Oakland California

SUGI22 March 16-19, 1997 Hotel: San Diego Marriott Hotel & Marina City: San Diego, California

SUGI'23 March 22-25, 1998 Hotel: Opryland City: Nashville, TN

xviii

WUSS '95 Best Contributed Papers

In each section with contributed papers, one paper is selected as the best contributed paper. Papers are judged on originality, impor­tance, work involved, and presentation. The WUSS participants congratulate the following authors and presenters of the WUSS '95 best contributed papers.

APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT Managing Longitudinal Panel Surveys Using Interactive Programs Created by SAS/AF and SAS/FSP with SCL Miriam Cistemas

SAS for Road Warriors and Telecommuters: How to Avoid the Floppy Shuffle Michael Harris

CODERS' CORNER An Alternative Method of Transposing Data Without the Transpose Procedure Sunil Gupta

DATA PRESENTATION PROC REPORT, A Guided Tour Martin Haase

STATISTICS AND RESEARCH Using the SAS Software to Program a Simulation Study: Evaluating New Designs for Phase I Clinical Trials Akiko Chai, Tamara L. Odom-Maryon, Chul W. Ahn, and Joyce C. Niland

TRAINING AND USER SUPPORT Designing Clinical SAS Service Request Forms Sunil Gupta

xix