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rd THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND
AISTEEL
Supported and Coordinated by:
Postgraduate SchoolState University of Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Indexing By :
PROCEEDINGS
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia
03-04 October 2018
ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018
2018
Education, Learning and Leadership Innovation
9 772548 461 001
Proceedings of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL)
eISSN: 2548-4613
i
Proceedings of The 3rd
Annual International Seminar on
Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018)
“Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation”
Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia
October 3-4, 2018
Editorial Board
Editorial-in-Chief
Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)
Deputy Editor Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)
International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)
Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)
Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)
Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)
Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)
Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)
Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)
Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)
Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)
Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)
Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)
Please cite the proceeding as “Proceeding of the First Annual International Seminar on
Transformative Education and Educational Leadership Vol. 3” with the following
abbreviation: Proc. Aist., 3
Proceedings of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL)
eISSN: 2548-4613
ii
Proceedings of the 3rd
Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education
and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)
Preface
The 3rd
Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership
(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.
This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine
agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.
The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from
universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with theme “Education,
Learning and Leadership Innovation.”
The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering
multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational
research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have
shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.
The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private
Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in
the oral defence examination.
There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,
and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer
and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.
Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.
The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the
conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.
Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative
Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks
also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.
The Editors
Bornok Sinaga
Rahmad Husein
Juniastel Rajagukguk
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Table of Contents
Titles and Authors page
Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with
Scientific Concept
1 Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...........................................
Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat
Regency
6 Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah....................................................................
Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early
Childhood
12 Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare.........................................
Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric
Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan
Village
18 Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi.................................................
Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in
Jabodetabek
22 Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani........................................
Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body
Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa
26 Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga.........................................
Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie
29 Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan.................................
Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto
32 Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...................................
The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students
Outcome MAN Medan
36 Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin........................................................
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student
Mathematics Learning Outcomes
39 Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan.....................................................
Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School
English Textbooks
43 Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin............................................
Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit
Private Vocational School
47 Iskandar Fahmi.........................................................................................................
Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic
Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior
High School
51 Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...........................
Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on
Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan
56 Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung.................................................
Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in
United Nation General Assembly 2017
60 Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................................................
Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo
advice) 63
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Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn.....................................................
Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative
Learning Models Based on Batak Culture
66 Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok.........................
Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region
71 Arti Kurniaty Bangun................................................................................................
Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through
The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion
75 Bob Rahmat Manalu........................................... .....................................................
Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in
Pencak Silat
77 William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha..................................................
The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical
Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan
81 Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha.................................................
The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science
Learning Outcomes
84 Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung......................................................................
The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning
Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball
88 Saiful Adrian; Nurhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno…………………………………....
Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary
School Sub-District Medan Tembung
91 Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga..................................
Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In
Football
95 Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita........................................... ...........................
The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport
99 Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...........................................................
Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s Speech in Approval Ceremony as the
Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022
102 Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih........................................... ..................................
Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of
Biography Text of Student Class X SMA
105 Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin....................................
Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the
Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar
109 Said Ashlan........................................... ........................................... .......................
Female Principal Leadership
115 Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra........................................... ...................
The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude
120 I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution..............................
Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony
124 Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan.....................
The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise
Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art
Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)
Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019
127 Mawar Sari........................................... ........................................... .......................
Figurative Expressions in The Karo Batak Wedding Ceremony Generated by The 130
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Philosophy of Rakut Sitelu
Desi Haryati Nianggolan..........................................................................................
Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)
for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism
in Tebing Tinggi City
135 Mhd Fazar Afandi.....................................................................................................
Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics
materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School
138 Bangun Saragih........................................................................................................
The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and
Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public
Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018
142 Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin....................
Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society
(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN
Medan Tembung
149 Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban..................................................
The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered
Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886
Medan Baru
154 Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi..............................
Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance
159 Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno.....................................................................................
Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade
XII
163 Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas........................
The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena
Banda Aceh
169 Saiful Bahri...............................................................................................................
The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction
At The Seventh Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar
Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)
175 Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi......................................
The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook
Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher
Order Thinking Skills
177 Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin........................................................
The Differences of Learning Style and Students’ Creativity to Students’
Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students
of SMP Ar – Rahman Percut
180 Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi........................................
Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary
Students
184 Siska Nova Undari....................................................................................................
The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science
Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students
187 Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom....................................................
The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of
Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and
the Guided Discovery Style at a Private Junior High School Seventh Grader 191
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Tembung Sabilina)
Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap................................................................
Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media
Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School
195 Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice..............................................................
The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure
Text in Vocational High School
197 Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis.........................................................
Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health
Sport Education Lesson
201 Hardiansyah...............................................................................................................
The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading
The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.
206 Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan........................................................... ……….
Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy
Growth In Sumatera Utara
209 Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...................................................................
Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version
213 Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih........................................................................
Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work
216 Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih.............................................
Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and
Donald Trump
221 Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi................
Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts
227 Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih.............................................................
Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate
232 Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...........................................
The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic
Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture
235 Aman Sanusi Siregar.................................................................................................
Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process
239 Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih..................................................
The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid
243 Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina..............................................................
Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance
246 Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso......................................
The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC
China in 2015
249 Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas..................
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference
Proceedings Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille
Film
254 Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan......................................................................
Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements
258 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................
Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech
263
Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,
MS...................................................................................... .....................................
Motivation of Farmers in Group Management to Develop Maize Cultivation 267
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Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana................................
Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television
274 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh..........
Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel
277 Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting...............................................
Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor
Election Debate 2017
281 Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning……....................................................................
Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement
287 Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia.........................
Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony
290 Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein.....................
The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase
Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming
293 Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini..............................................................
Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball
on Hammer Throw
296 Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun.......................................
The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah
Pedah Perjabun
300 Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................
Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017
305 Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto.......................................................
Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements
308 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................
Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability In Descriptive Text
Through Flashcard
309 Aisya Hartati..............................................................................................................
The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the
Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis
312 Intan Sufiah Batubara................................................................................................
The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High
School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian
315 Fitri Susi Sinurat........................................................................................................
The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’
Vocabulary Mastery
321 Gisca Irdayana Lubis.................................................................................................
Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation
325 Mara Sutan Siregar...................................................................................................
Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony
329 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Fatma Raudah Siregar....................................................
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Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts
for Senior High School English Textbooks
Diemam Ferzhawana
English Applied Linguistics
Postgraduate School
Universitas Negeri Medan
Medan, Indonesia
Siti Aisyah Ginting
English Applied Linguistics
Postgraduate School
Universitas Negeri Medan
Medan, Indonesia
Zainuddin
English Applied Linguistics
Postgraduate School
Universitas Negeri Medan
Medan, Indonesia
Abstrct−This study investigated ideational grammatical
metaphor in the English textbooks of Senior High School. The
objectives of the study were to identify what elements of
ideational grammatical metaphor were used in Senior High
School English textbooks, to describe the way those ideational
grammatical metaphor were used, and to explain the reason why
the English textbooks of Senior High School used those ideational
grammatical metaphors. The research was conducted by applying
descriptive qualitative design. The data for this study were texts
taken from an English textbook for Senior High School. The data
were collected by selecting the texts based on the genre, then
retyping the passage of the text, editing the passage by breaking
down the clauses into data, and printing out the data. The
findings of the study showed that there were four elements of
ideational grammatical metaphors used in the English textbooks,
namely the realization of epithet = thing, event = thing, event =
epithet, and head = modifier. It was found that the reason why the
English textbooks used the grammatical metaphors was in order
to make the information compact or denser which directs the
students to a scientific writing model mostly applied in their
higher educational level.
Keywords: ideational grammatical metaphor, English textbooks,
Senior High School
I. INTRODUCTION
Ideational grammatical metaphor was one of linguistic
phenomenon that cannot be separated from human life.
Grammatical metaphor was used by people in daily
communication; written or orally. It could be found in a novel,
economic or historical text, students’ textbook, speech, lyric,
poem, etc. Ideational grammatical metaphor is needed to help
people to understand how a text creates meaning and all
meaningsare situated in context of situation. Since language is
the system of semantic structure that covers the entire system
of meaning of words, grammar and vocabulary, the relation
between meaning and wordisnot an arbitrary one, the form of
grammar related natural to the meaning which is being coded.
Halliday (1985: xvii)[2]., states that language is a system for
making meaning; a semantic system with other systems for
encoding the meaning it produces. In educational sector,
language can be used to develop not only student’s intelligence
but also their social and emotional capabilities. It helpsstudents
express their ideas or emotion while communicating in society.
In this level, the students are able to use language to fulfill
daily information needs by reading newspaper or textbook,
understanding signs, warnings, etc. A study about grammatical
metaphor had been conducted by Amin (2010). This research
focused on grammatical metaphor coding in senior high school
English textbook. The researcher identified the types of
grammatical metaphor used and described the way
grammatical metaphor used in English textbook of Senior High
School. The previous research above took place in different
fields, but all of them were still relevant with this study about
Systemic Functional Linguistic especially grammatical
metaphor.
This paper attemped to investigate the elements of
experiential grammatical metaphors used in different English
textbooks of the Senior High School, to describe realizations of
experiential grammatical metaphors used in different English
textbooks and to explain the reasons for the use of experiential
grammatical metaphors in different English textbooks.
II. THEORETICAL REVIEW
Ideational metaphor is an congruent representation of the
experiential meaning. It is called as metaphor of transitivity.
The grammatical variation between congruent and incongruent
forms here applies to transitivity configurations. In discourse,
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both spoken and written people tend to operate somewhere in
between these two parts, something which is totally congruent
and incongruent. Each nominalized or metaphorical wording in
the metaphorical domain has its incongruent wording in the
congruent domain. Halliday (2006:40)[4].
discussed further the
way how grammatical metaphor codes meaning incongruently.
Firstly, the writer would like to distinguish that the congruent
and incongruent mode of grammar are really different. In table
1 congruent coding is presented.
TABLE 1. Congruent Coding of Grammar
MEANIN
G
FUNCTIO
N
GRAMMA
TICAL
CLASS
EXAMPLES
Thing Participant Noun The man is
writing a letter.
Action Process Verb The baby cries
Quality Attribute Adjective
Relation Parataxis-
hypotaxis
Conjunction The boy is
clever
Location,
Manner
Circumstan
ce
Adverb The meeting
was cancelled
because the
manager is sick
Comment,
Judgemen
t
Modality Modality The child walks
carefully on the
floor
Position Preposition Preposition She is in the
office
(Halliday, 2006:41)
Table 2 shows an account of ideational grammatical
metaphor is applied to show how ideational grammatical
metaphor is used deals with its clausses and functions
TABLE 2. Ideational Grammatical Metaphor Coding
N
O
SEMANTI
C
ELEMEN
T
GRAMMATI
CAL
CLASSOF
METAPHOR
GRAMM
ATICAL
FUNCTIO
N OF
METAPH
OR
EXAMP
LES
1. Quality → entity
Adjective → noun
Epithet → thing
Unstable
=
instabilit
y
2. Process → entity
Verb → noun Event → thing
Transfor
m =
transfor
mation
3. Circumsta
nce → entity
Preposition → noun
Minor
process =
thing
To =
destinati
on, with
=
accompa
niment
4. Relator
→entity
Conjunction
→ noun
Conjunctiv
e = thing
So =
cause, if
=
condition
5. Process → quality
Verb → adjective
Event =
epithet
Used to
=
previous,
begin =
initial
6. Circumsta
nce → quality
Adverb/prepos
ition phrase → adjective
Manner =
epithet
For a
long time
= lengthy
7. Relator → quality
Conjunction
→ adjective
Conjunctio
n = epithet
Then =
subseque
nt; so =
resulting
8. Circumsta
nce → process
Be / go =
preposition → verb
Minor
process =
process
Be
instead
of =
replace;
be about
=
concern
9. Relator → process
Conjunction
→ verb
Conjunctiv
e = minor
process
Then =
follow;
and =
complem
ent
10
.
Relator → circumstan
ce
Conjunction
→ preposition/
prepositional
group
Conjunctiv
e = minor
process
When =
in times
of; if =
under
condition
of
11
a
[zero] → entiy
[zero] → noun
Head =
modifier
= the
phenome
non of
.....
12
a
[zero] → process
[zero] → verb = .......
occurs
13
a
Entity → [expansion
]
Noun The
governm
ent
[decided]
= the
governm
ent’s
[decision
]
(Halliday, 2006:42)
Table 3 presents the general drift of ideational grammatical
metaphor where (1) realizes status, and (2) codes rank.
Grammatical metaphor can be applied by using
nominalizing. Nominalizing is the single most powerful
resource for creating grammatical metaphor (Halliday,
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1994:352)[3].
. By this device, processes and properties are
reworded metaphorically as nouns; instead of functioning the
clause, as process or attribute, they function as thing in the
nominal group. The characteristics of nominalization:
a. Nominalization makes action or processes (verbs)
become concepts (nouns).
b. With nominalization, a single sentence packs inn
several complex abstract ideas.
c. Nominalization reduces the number of clauses and
more information is able to compress into each
nominal (noun) group.
d. When verbs are nominalized they become concepts
rather than actions, as a result, the writer is able to
increase the amount and density of information to
make further comment or observation about the
concept in the sentence.
e. Nominalization enables an academic writer to
concisely refer to recurring abstract ideas.
The realization of the context of situation of a given
language is based on the metafunctional spectrum: field is
realized by the ideational metafunction, tenor by the
interpersonal metafunction, and mode by the textual
metafunction (Halliday 1977, 1978; Halliday & Hasan 1985;
Martin 1992).
III. METHODOLOGY
The research was conducted by using qualitative
descriptive design proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (2006:
5)[1].
. The data of this study were the words or clauses
containing ideational grammatical metaphor coding found
from the clauses analyzed. The sources of the data were from
the reading texts of narrative text, discussion text, and review
text in the XII Grade of different authors of Senior High
School English Textbooks but same publisher. Both of them
were published by Erlangga, the first author’s title book was
‘Look Ahead’ the second author’s title book was ‘English
Zone’. The data were analyzed by using interactive model
proposed by Miles and Huberman (2014)[5].
with three phases
of data analysis. The phases are data reduction, data display
and conclusion drawing or verification.
IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The data showed that there were four elements of ideational
grammatical metaphor. Where there were 178 data groups of
ideational grammatical metaphor coding occured in English
Textbooks of Senior High School. The total occurence of data
of epithet = thing (16), data of event = thing (84), data of event
= epithet (6) and data of head = modifier (72).
Based on the result of the analysis, The way grammatical
metaphor used in the English Textbook of Senior High School
as follows.
a. Relocation of Epithet = Thing
The data could be seen below.
The castle had a hug door and Jack pushed with all his
strength to open it ( Text 6, Page 32, Paragraph 6, Line 4)
Look Ahead
The data 1 which was presented in metaphorical form was
unpacked into the congruent one as the following.
The caste had a hug door and Jack is a strong man, he
pushed to open it.
The two clauses were compared to investigate the way
ideational grammatical metaphor used in English Textbooks.
Then, it was found that the adjective strong which had
function as epithet replaced by noun strength as thing,
however, the metaphorical replacement did not change the
meaning of the sentence.
b. Relocation of Event = Thing
The data could be seen below.
There once lived a chief’s daughter who had many
admirers (Text 1, Page 12, Paragraph 2, Line 3) Look Ahead
The data which was in the metaphorical form was reworded
into congruent one as follows.
There once lived a chief’s daughter, many people admire
her.
These two clauses are compared to see how ideational
grammatical metaphor used in the text. It was concluded that
the noun admirer which function as a thing can be changed
into a congruent mode by using the verb admire which
function as event. However, the meanings of the sentences
were still similiar.
c. Relocation of Event = Epithet
The data could be seen below.
The following story will be special for each of you who
want to know the real meaning of love (Text 1, page 12,
Paragraph 1, Line 1) Look Ahead
Data 1 which was in metaphorical form was unpacked into
congruent one as the following.
The story which is followed in the next will be special for
each of you who want to know the real meaning of love.
These two clauses were compared to investigate the way
how ideational grammatical metaphor worked in an English
textbooks. Then it was that the word followed which
functioned as event was metaphorically replaced by the
adjective following functioned as epithet. However, this
replacement did not change the meaning of both sentences.
d. Relocation of head = modifier
The data could be seen below.
- Look Ahead English Book
1) The real meaning of love (Text 1, Page 12, Paragraph 1,
Line 4)
Ideational grammatical metaphor was found in the
expression The real meaning of love which described a
Proceedings of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL)
eISSN: 2548-4613
46
similarity between meaning functioned as head and love as its
modifier.
- English Zone English Book
1) The smell of the meat (Text 2, page 38, Paragraph 1,
Line 2)
Ideational grammatical metaphor which indicated the
realization of head = modifier was found in data 3 where smell
functioned as head and it was identical with its modifier, meat.
As the conclusion there were four elements ideational
grammatical metaphors used in English textbook of Senior
High School.The way ideational grammatical used in English
Textbook of Senior High School was replacing grammatical
function of metaphor of 1) realization of epithet = thing, 2)
realization of event = thing, 3) realization of event = epithet, 4)
realization of head = modifier.The reason why English
textbook of Senior High School used ideational grammatical
metaphor was in order to make the information contsained on
it more compact or denser, also to give readers a picture about
what was being discussed on the textbook.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The writer would like to express respectfulness to Dr. Siti
Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd and Prof. Zainuddin, M.Hum as her
thesis advisor for guiding her to accomplish her thesis and for
giving useful knowledge and suggestions
REFERENCES
[1] Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, K.S.2006. Qualitative Research in Education,
Boston: Allyn & Bacon
[2] Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
London: Edward Arnold.
[3] Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
London: Edward Arnold.
[4] Halliday, M. A. K. and C.M.I.M. Matthissen. 2006. An Introduction to
Functional Grammar. London: Arnold. [5] Miles, M. B, Huberman, A.M, & Saldana, J.2014. Qualitative Data
Analysis: An Expended Sourcebook 3rd Edition. California:SAGE