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Compulsory Ethiopian Standard

First edition

xx-xx-202x

ICS: 13.060.20

Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency

© ESA

Refrece number ***

mmmmmmm

(other than any packedwater) -

ICS Published by Ethiopian Standards Agency © ESA

Prison hygiene and health requirements

environmental

DRAFT ETHIO

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TANDARDForeword

CES xxx

This E thiopian S tandard has been p repared u nder the di rection of T echnical Committee f or hy giene,

sanitation and health related services (TC 205) and published by the Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA).

The s tandard CES xxx:20xx first edi tion, prison hygiene and environmental heal th equirements,

published by Ethiopian standards agency (ESA).

Draft of the standards has been presented by ministry of health and Addis Ababa City Government Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority.

Acknowledgment has been made for the organization for the effort of national standardization.

DRAFT ETHIO

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requirements

1. Scope

This Ethiopian standard specifies hygiene and environmental health requirements regarding premises,

practice and safety of staffs and prisoners and waste management of the prisons.

The standard includes existing and newly established prisons and not include temporal places for prisoners.

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated

references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced

document (including any amendments) applies.

3. Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard the following definitions shall apply.

3.1. Potable water Fit or suitable for drinking and food preparation. 3.2. Prison A federal correctional institution where prisoners sentenced by court serve their sentences, are reformed and rehabilitated; and where remand prisoners are held in custody until verdict. 3.3. Prisoner A convicted prisoner serving a sentence passed by a court authorized by law; and shall also refer to a person detained upon judicial remand. 3.4. Prison Warden Members of the Federal Prisons Commission employed after having obtained basic prison warden-ship training. 3.5. Non-prisoner access zone: Areas used for staff as well as visitor and vehicular access to the prison. 3.6. Limited prisoner access zone All service buildings (medical and health facilities, reception, workshops, stores, kitchens, visiting areas, etc.) which prisoner can access while under supervision. 3.7. Official capacity (or design capacity) of a prison Total number of prisoners that can accommodate in prison. 3.8. Environmental Health: The control of all those factors in man’s physical environment which exercises or may exercise a deleterious effect on his physical, mental, and social well being. 1©ESA

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3.9. Prison overcrowding Social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners. 3.10. Perishable food Perishable foods are those likely to spoil, decay or become unsafe to consume if not kept refrigerated at 40 F° (4.4 °C) or below or frozen at 0 F° (-17.8 °C) or below. It includes meat, poultry, fish, milk, eggs and many raw fruits and vegetables. All cooked foods are considered perishable foods. 3.11. Ventilation The process of supplying air to, or removing it from any enclosed space by natural or Mechanical means. 3.12. Food hygiene Food safety and wholesomeness in its production, storage, preparation, distribution, sale, until consumption. 3.13. Food handler A person handling or coming into contact with food, or with any equipment or utensil used in food handling. 3.14. Food handling Any operation involved in the preparation, processing, cooking, packaging, storage, transport, distribution, and services of food. 3.15. Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) A pit latrine with a black pipe (vent pipe) fitted to the pit and a screen (fly screen) at the top outlet of the pipe. 3.16. Emergency situation Any situation that poses an immediate threat to a person's health, security, property, or environment. 4. General requirements

4.1. Prison premises and compounds shall not be hazardous to health and they shall have fresh air and

sufficient lights.

4.2. There shall be primary healthcare professionals.

4.3. Educational institutions, Food and drinking service/Cafeteria, men and women beauty hair salons

shall complies Ethiopian standards of hygiene and environmental health requirements

4.4. The health care facilities shall meet requirements of Ethiopian standards.

4.5. The prisoner shall be able to sleep on beds, have bedding (sheets, blankets) suitable for the climate.

4.6. The infrastructure shall provide a safe environment, regardless of where the prison is located and

the resources available.

4.7. More than 50 persons shall not be accommodated in a room where prisoners sleep.

4.8. Accommodation shall meet space, ventilation and lighting specifications.

4.9. Prisoners with an infectious disease shall be separated from non-infected persons during the

contagious period.

4.10. Health and psychological care need assessments of the prisons shall be carried out.

4.11. Prisoner shall be permitted to keep some personal items (clothing, reading and writing materials,

personal correspondence, small hygiene articles) in storage space around or locker.

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4.12. The water supply shall be safe and adequate to meet the amount for drinking water, preparation of

meals, maintenance of personal hygiene, operation of the sewage and waste-disposal systems, and

cleaning of premises to satisfy prisoners demand at all times.

4.13. Building design, materials and equipment, and construction shall meet Ethiopian construction code

standards.

4.14. Female prisoner accommodations shall be separated from that occupied by men.

4.15. Procedures for evacuating the prison, or parts of the prison, shall envisage separate emergency

exits/routes for men and women.

4.16. There shall be a whole prison multi-disciplinary and cross-organizational approach to prevent suicide

in prison.

4.17. Prisons shall ensure all meal options available are safe and nutritious meal.

4.18. Shall provide guidance to prisoners on the nutritional content of the food provided.

4.19. Shall provide personal hygiene facilities and sanitary items.

4.20. Shall have proper solid and liquid waste management system.

4.21. Shall use construction materials suitable to the climate condition.

4.22. Shall ensure occupational health and safety of staffs.

4.23. Smoking is prohibited.

4.24. Any service in the prison shall consider special needs and disabled prisoners.

5. Specific requirements

5.1. Environmental conditions

5.1.1. Site of a prison

5.1.1.1. Shall far from living house, bars, drinking establishments, garage and high sound emitting

industries, dust and polluting air releasing industries more than 50 meters.

5.1.1.2. Shall far from surface water and waste disposal site more than 500 meters.

5.1.1.3. Shall be free from marshy and sliding area.

5.1.1.4. Shall have basic infrastructure (road, electricity, water and telephone).

5.1.2. Physical organization and layout of a prison

5.1.2.1. There shall be sanitary installations for personal hygiene.

5.1.2.2. There shall have outdoor areas, yards for outdoor exercise and sports grounds;

5.1.2.3. There shall have visiting rooms or other places where prisoner can meet their families, and

visiting rooms where detainees can receive legal advice in private.

5.1.2.4. Offices, prayer room, storerooms, workshops, school classrooms, multi-purpose rooms, the

guards’ quarters, a library and a sports ground shall fulfill hygiene requirements.

5.1.3. physical condition of the building

5.1.3.1. Shall be secured and have its own compound with fence.

5.1.3.2. Shall be constructed from fire resistant materials.

5.1.3.3. Shall include/have health, telecommunication, and education services.

5.1.3.4. There shall be environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) before construct new

prison.

5.1.3.5. The temperature range shall be between 27-32ºC.

5.1.3.6. The relative humidity shall be between 30-60%. 3©ESA

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5.1.3.7. The infrastructure shall provide a safe environment, regardless of where the prison is located

and the resources available.

5.1.3.8. Shall have Infrastructure includes safe electricity and water systems.

5.1.4. Prisons may be very different in terms of their architecture, but they all shall comprise a range of

similar basic structures designed to meet the material needs of the detainees.

a) Buildings containing cells and dormitories for housing the inmates.

b) kitchens and refectories;

c) sanitary installations for maintaining personal hygiene: toilets and showers, and laundry facilities;

d) Areas for spending time outdoors and taking physical exercise.

e) Separate buildings containing cells and dormitories for female prisoners.

5.2. Health facilities

5.2.1. There shall be designated one environmental health professional.

5.2.2. Located separately from, but within easy access to, prisoner accommodation.

5.2.3. Shall be separate from other service areas such as workshops, program and visiting areas.

5.2.4. Prisoners shall, free of charge, be provided with sufficient food and the necessary medical care and

treatment, and maintenance of their health.

5.2.5. Shall meet health facilities standards of Ethiopia. Standards.

5.3. Non-contact visiting section

5.3.1. Shall be of sufficient size and number to ensure that all prisoner are able to receive regular contact

visits for extended periods not to contact the visitors and keep the distance

5.3.2. There shall be waiting area for visitors fulfill hygiene requirement

5.4. Food hygiene

5.4.1. Storage / warehouse condition of food and beverage products

5.4.1.1. There shall be storage room of raw and packaged food for prisoners.

5.4.1.2. The area of the storage shall be 50 meter square per 1000 prisoners and its height shall be 4

meters and above.

5.4.1.3. Windows and doors shall be easy to open and close.

5.4.1.4. Warehouse doors shall have area and length enough to accommodate at least two workers at a

time.

5.4.1.5. Light and air circulation shall be present in the room.

5.4.1.6. The floor, wall, and ceiling must be designed to prevent rodents and dust from entering.

5.4.1.7. The floor must be cemented to avoid rising dampness.

5.4.1.8. The roof and openings in the wall shall not let in water.

5.4.1.9. All windows and other openings must be screened.

5.4.1.10. The construction of the prison shall maintain temperature accordingly.

5.4.1.11. The layout of the food store shall leave a one-meter space between the food supplies and

the wall of the storeroom.

5.4.1.12. The layout of the food store shall leave passageways 2 meters wide for handling purposes.

5.4.1.13. The food store shall be regularly inspected for the presence of rats or insects.

5.4.1.14. There shall be a ventilator or air conditioner to control the airflow in the room.

5.4.1.15. The room shall be clean, dry, and free from pests, insects and predators.

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5.4.1.16. There shall be a shelf made of stainless and easily clean materials.

5.4.1.17. There shall be separate area or room for expired items and shall be disposed accordingly.

5.4.1.18. Meals, Food and beverages shall be listed and managed according to their type and time of

entry.

5.4.1.19. Expired drinks and meals shall be registered and stored in separate rooms.

5.4.1.20. Sanitary chemicals and pesticides shall be kept away from food and food storage room.

5.4.1.21. Product usage shall base on first in first used principle.

5.4.1.22. There shall be a temporary storage tank for solid waste.

5.4.1.23. The food storage shall have at least 50 per 1000 prisoners square meters of floor space and

the ceiling height shall be at least four meters and above the floor.

5.4.1.24. The temperature in the storage room shall be varying according to the type of products that

the institute receives from both the manufacturer and the distributor as follows:

5.4.1.25. Storage of food and beverages that require normal temperature cooling shall be between 10 °

C and 21 ° C.

5.4.1.26. Refrigeration room shall be between 2 ° C and 8 ° C below 4° C (for vegetables, eggs, milk,

etc.)

5.4.1.27. The deep freeze shall be negative 18 degrees Celsius and above (for meat, fish, poultry and

refrigerated products.

5.4.1.28. There shall doors having 5 meters wide and length of.

5.4.1.29. A shelf shall be made from stainless or non-corroded and easily cleanable.

5.4.1.30. A shelf shall be with the height of 40 cm from the floor, far 20 cm from the wall, and 60 cm

from the ceiling and 1metere between the shelves.

5.4.1.31. Standard operation procedure/SOP/ for storage shall be available.

5.4.1.32. Different food items shall be stored separately and labeled.

5.5. Food preparation rooms (kitchen)

5.5.1. The building where the kitchen is located shall be near the premises where stocks of food and fuel

are kept.

5.5.2. Meals shall be prepared and served in hygiene conditions so as to minimize the risk of disease

transmitted by food.

5.5.3. If the kitchen is outside the prison, special care shall be taken to ensure that the food is transported

in the best possible hygiene conditions.

5.5.4. The area of the kitchen in a small prison (100-200 detainees) shall be at least 20m².

5.5.5. For over 200 detainees, the figure of 0.1m² detainee is used. That means an area of 100 m2 per

1,000 detainees.

5.5.6. The kitchen shall have a water-supply and storage system.

5.5.7. There shall be at least one tap with sufficient water pressure and a tank large enough to store the

amount of water needed to prepare meals for at least one day.

5.5.8. Every stove shall be fitted with a flue pipe ensuring proper smoke extraction.

5.5.9. Shall have a preparation table, sink, temporary storage of raw and cooked food, and refrigerator.

5.5.10. Shall be free from any food contaminants.

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5.5.11. Shall be 100 meters away from parking lots, solid waste collection site, from sewer line manhole,

and cleaning facilities.

5.5.12. shall be free of solid waste and sewage sludge and free of any rodents pests and other insects

5.5.13. Shall use renewable energy source.

5.5.14. Cooking stoves shall be installed in a way of electrically safe.

5.5.15. shall be equipped with sucker/ chimney hood for steam and heat from a cooking stove

5.5.16. The internal and external components of any steam generator shall be free of oil deposits and

cleaned regularly

5.5.17. The evaporator and the hose shall be properly installed and not have any dripping or holding fluid

5.5.18. Kitchen shall have a fire extinguisher

5.5.19. There shall be clean and rust resistant/non corrosive shelf with door for cooking and serving

utensils.

5.5.20. The room shall be connected to the dining room with a double-glazed window that cannot be

accessed by anyone other than the staff.

5.5.21. Leftover food, beverage items, and service equipment’s shall not be exchanged at the door where

fresh food arrives and exchanged.

5.5.22. There shall be a temporary storage tank for solid waste with a lid that can be opened and closed

on foot.

5.5.23. Leftover foods shall be disposed when ¾ full or every day.

5.6. Cooking and dishes utensils , and washing facilities

5.6.1. Shall be put carefully after each use, preferably in a closed drawer or cupboard to protect them

from cockroaches and other insects.

5.6.2. There shall be separate washing facility for drinking, and cooking and eating utensils.

5.6.3. There shall be washing machine or Three-compartment sinks shall be prepared for eating and

drinking utensils.

5.6.4. Hot and cold tap water shall be prepared for washing purpose.

5.6.5. Soaps and chemicals for washing shall available in sufficient amount.

5.6.6. There shall be cleaned materials that made from plastic or non- corrosive and rust resistant

materials.

5.6.7. The material shall be corrosive resistant and food grade.

5.7. Dining Room (Hall)

5.7.1. There shall be a separate dining room for female and male prisoners.

5.7.2. Chairs and tables shall be ergonomically designed and regularly cleaned.

5.7.3. There shall be cleaned and hand free water and other drinks dispensing mechanism.

5.7.4. There shall be hand washing facilitates with soap/detergent located 3 meters from the dining room

and in the ratio of 1 faucet for 20 prisoners.

5.7.5. There shall be a clean tea machine that serves all prisoners in proportion.

5.7.6. There shall be a temporary storage for leftover food from prisoners.

5.7.7. There shall be a temporary storage tank for solid waste with a lid that can be opened and closed

on foot.

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5.8. Water supply and hygiene measures

5.8.1. There shall be a continuous supply of water for both prisoners and staff.

5.8.2. Prison facilities shall have a potable water source and supply, whether owned and operated by the

public water department or by the facility.

5.8.3. Water shall be approved by local and state health departments, and shall be operated in continual

compliance with local regulations.

5.8.4. Potable water systems shall prevent backflow.

5.8.5. Drinking water and water for all other purposes is free of charge and freely available to all

prisoners.

5.8.6. The water source or supply shall be inspected and tested at least once every three months.

5.9. Technical specifications of water supply

5.9.1. Infrastructure shall have 1 taps per 50 prisoners in proportion.

5.9.2. The Minimum rate of flow of water shall be 5 liters per minute.

5.9.3. The minimum amounts of water shall be 20 liters per prisoner per day (to cover all needs)

5.9.4. There shall be 7.5 liters per person per day for survival (hot or cold environment) for drinking and

cooking.

5.9.5. There shall be 1 liter per person per day for washing after using toilets.

5.10. Disinfection of water

5.10.1. If the prison is using its own water source it shall be treated before use.

5.10.2. Storage tanks shall be clean and disinfected in every three months by means of chlorine-based

disinfectants.

5.10.3. The storage tanks shall be disinfected during

5.10.4. In the event of an outbreak of disease inside the prison which may be attributed to a water-borne

organism or related to a shortage of water, such as cholera or bacillary dysentery (shigellosis).

5.10.5. in the event of an epidemic outside the prison which might spread to the inside;

5.10.6. Shall have to be disinfected when they are first brought into use, following repairs, and when there

is any reason for fearing contamination.

5.10.7. Shall disinfect the water using sufficient quantity of chlorine based disinfectants to eliminate

microorganisms.

5.10.8. The concentration of free residual chlorine shall be between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l (0.2 – 0.5 ppm) when

the water is distributed.

5.10.9. The concentration of chlorine shall be increased in the following situations

a) in the event of an outbreak of cholera or diarrheal disease,

b) If the quality of the water is unsure.

5.10.10. In both these situations, the concentration of free residual chlorine shall be as follows.

a) 1 mg/l at distribution points and in wells;1.5 mg/l when a tanker truck is being filled, with a contact

time (time during which the chlorine acts on the microorganisms) of no less than 30 minutes

5.11. Living quarters and Capacity

5.11.1. The living quarters shall enable prisoner to lie down to sleep, move around freely within their cells

or dormitories and have space for their personal effects. 7©ESA

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5.11.2. Prisoner shall have living conditions which are compatible with human dignity and that conditions

in which prisoners are held “shall not aggravate the suffering already caused by the loss of liberty.

5.11.3. Shall have floor space, daily exposure to natural light, appropriate ventilation and heating.

5.11.4. Shall have separate bed, bed clothing, and all other conditions that are indispensable for nocturnal

rest.

5.11.5. The Single occupancy shall be 3.4m² excludes toilet facilities

5.11.6. There shall be Shared or dormitory accommodation 3.4m² per person, including where bunk beds

are used.

5.11.7. Multiple occupancy shall have total area 34 m² for 10 detainees.

5.11.8. For the construction of new prisons, the minimum floor space shall be 5.4 m² per prisoner.

5.11.9. The minimum distance between the cell walls shall be 2.15 m and the ceiling shall be at least 2.45

m high.

5.12. beds in Living quarters

5.12.1. Bedding and bunk beds

5.12.1.1. The minimum size of beds shall be 2 m x 0.8 m or 1.6 m² per person.

5.12.1.2. The minimum space between ground and bottom bunk shall be 0.2 m.

5.12.1.3. The minimum space between tiers shall be 1.2 m.

5.12.1.4. There shall be 3 tiers in beds.

5.12.1.5. There shall be 3m space between upper level tier and ceiling.

5.12.1.6. The minimum distance between beds shall be 1.5 m.

5.12.1.7. The minimum space shall be 3.4 m² per person (including 1.6 m² bed spaces) in shared

accommodation.

5.12.1.8. In a four-person cell where single beds are used, the cell shall measure 3.4 m² per detainee ×

4, including 1.6 m² for each bed).

5.12.1.9. In a four-person cell where two double bunk beds are used, the cell shall measure 10.4 m².

5.12.1.10. The floor space in cells and dormitories shall be not be less than 2 m² per person.

5.13. Light and ventilation

5.13.1. Natural light shall be preferred for maintaining physical and mental health.

5.13.2. Windows shall allow detainees to see part of the external environment.

5.13.3. There shall be an adequate natural ventilation system with an air change per hour of 6-12 ACH in

the cell.

5.13.4. There shall be an adequate natural and/or artificial lighting between 250 -300 lux in the cell.

5.13.5. The temperature of the cell shall be maintained between 20-29 degrees Celsius all the time.

5.13.6. There shall be natural light to enable detainees to read during daylight hours.

5.13.7. Artificial lighting shall not be kept on 24 hours a day in areas where prisoners sleep.

5.13.8. Artificial light shall be provided sufficient for the prisoners to read or work without injury to eyesight.

5.13.9. Ventilation shall be in the range of 0.1 and 1.4 m³ /minute/ person or between 0.1 and 0.2 m³

/minute/ m².

5.13.10. Available minimum air space shall not be less than 3.5 m³ per person.

5.13.11. Ventilation per bed level and per person shall be 0.025 m².

5.13.12. Air renewal rate shall be (cubic content of quarters/hour): 1 in proportion. 8 ©ESA

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5.13.13. Intensity of artificial light shall not exceed 0.5 Watts/person.

5.13.14. There shall be natural light (size of openings/person/level): 0.015 m² in proportion.

5.13.15. There shall be three openings, each measuring about 0.5m², to provide the living quarters with

ventilation.

5.13.16. In very hot regions ventilation should be improved by fans.

5.14. Women, girls, and dependent Children

5.14.1. Accommodation

5.14.1.1. Shall allow meet lawyers and family members under the supervision of female staff and

without making physical, visual or oral contact with male prisoners.

5.14.1.2. Male prisoner coming contact with female detainees during an emergency shall be avoided.

5.14.1.3. Shall have separate toilet and shower from male prisoners.

5.14.1.4. There shall be Separate rooms for pregnant women.

5.14.1.5. Living space includes sleeping spaces and indoor and outdoor play areas shall consider the

space needed by the children.

5.14.1.6. The space shall include a specific area for the preparation of baby food and fluids. (It may be

necessary to install a small kitchen area for that purpose.

5.14.1.7. Shall Permits safe movement between the mother and child unit and all mainstream services

to which the mother and children require access.

5.14.1.8. Women living on mother and baby units with their child shall be able to cook meals for their

babies and a dipper changing room.

5.14.1.9. Older women in prison shall have an initial age-specific health and social care assessment on

arrival and regular assessments thereafter.

5.14.1.10. Older prisoners shall have been located near to each other.

5.15. Safety

5.15.1. Walls separating women’s quarters from men’s quarters shall be solid and not allow visibility or

other unauthorized or unwelcome communication (for example, insulting and threatening verbal

communication) between the sections.

5.15.2. Buildings and boundaries separating male and female prisoner shall be sufficiently robust to

prevent any access to the other side and should be regularly inspected.

5.15.3. Procedures, which recognize and complement the physical security structures, shall be

implemented.

5.15.4. All women shall be kept safe and supported during their first 24 hours in prison; including

receiving an induction and ensuring their immediate needs are met.

5.15.5. Access routes and staffing patterns shall be strictly limit access to women’s quarters by male

staff at all times.

5.15.6. Shall ensure that women prisoners are supervised by female staff.

5.15.7. There shall be clear policies and guidelines relating to sexual misconduct by staff in prisons,

aiming to provide protection to women prisoners.

5.15.8. Particular care shall be taken in places of pre-trial detention.

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5.16. Hygiene

5.16.1. Women shall have ready and safe access to toilets 24 hours a day.

5.16.2. Where toilet facilities are located outside the accommodation area, prison management is

responsible for ensuring that staffs are available 24 hours a day to enable safe access to those

facilities immediately.

5.16.3. Shall ensure that the specific hygiene needs of women are met, including adequate sanitary

facilities for the personal care of women with children, those who are pregnant, breastfeeding

and menstruating.

5.16.4. shall have Hand washing facilities, showers, laundry

5.16.5. The prison shall provide free sanitary pad for women and diaper for children

5.16.6. Shall have extra water supply and additional cleaning materials.

5.16.7. Shall have dust bin for waste collection in the room

5.17. Total Space Requirements

5.17.1. Prison capacity and accommodation

5.17.1.1. There shall be minimum space within the security perimeter: 20-30 m² /person.

5.17.1.2. Minimum space for accommodation Space allocated for accommodation shall be 3.4-5.4 m²

/person.

5.17.1.3. Areas or zones include workshops, program rooms, exercise areas and yards, recreation

areas, visiting areas, health facility, chaplaincy areas and any other part of the prison shall be

accessible to detainees as part of their normal, daily routine.

NOTE: these zones do not include staff security areas, staff training facilities or other areas not

normally accessible to prisoners.

5.18. Toilet

5.18.1. The area of the toilet shall have area 1.14 m² and ceiling height 2.4 meter.

5.18.2. One toilet shall be provided for each accommodation area to 25 prisoners.

5.18.3. There shall be one urinal for 25 prisoners.

5.18.4. Where single cells are provided, each cell shall contain a toilet.

5.18.5. Prisoners shall have unrestricted access to the toilet.

5.18.6. Toilets shall be in or near the accommodation cell or block with 24-hour access.

5.18.7. Toilets shall be in working order and cleaning agents readily available.

5.18.8. Toilets and hand washing facilities shall be installed within cells and cellblocks

5.18.9. Toilets shall be sanitized daily

5.18.10. Shall ensure that prisoners have access to toilets requires special attention to be paid to staff,

office arrangements and supervisory routines throughout a 24-hour day.

5.18.11. A system of flushing or sluicing the toilet immediately after use shall be installed and maintained.

5.18.12. There shall be separate toilet for male and female staff.

5.18.13. Toilet with hand washing facility and shower installations shall be provided.

5.18.14. Toilets shall consider special need prisoners.

5.18.15. The door shall be easily open and closed.

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5.19. Septic tank

5.19.1. There shall be reserves of water such as ground reservoirs or water to cover the needs of

detainees and staff for a minimum of 24 hours when the normal system fail.

5.19.2. Rainwater shall not be allowed to flow into a septic tank.

5.19.3. Septic tank shall not be far from flush latrines.

5.19.4. Septic tanks shall be Inspected at least once every three months by professionals.

5.20. Safety and Security

5.20.1. General consideration

5.20.1.1. There shall be safety materials for work.

5.20.1.2. Kitchen work site shall be organized to ensure workers safety.

5.20.1.3. There shall be a mechanism/system of controlling for exposure to blood borne pathogens.

5.20.1.4. The following shall be developed and implemented:

a) A risk and needs assessment program.

b) individual management plans;

c) policies and procedures relating to the use of the facilities and equipment;

d) staff training program on relevant procedures; and

e) A comprehensive maintenance plan.

5.21. Safety measures

5.21.1. Staff shall have training and instruction to deal with risks in their areas of responsibility.

5.21.2. Shall have a risk assessment system to staffs and prisoners.

5.21.3. Safety precautions and emergency signage shall be available and posted where necessary.

5.21.4. The compound shall be free from glare, and slippery material.

5.22. Fire safety

5.22.1. Prisons shall avail fire safety equipment throughout buildings and premise.

5.22.2. There shall be functional and appropriate type fire extinguisher in each room.

5.22.3. Employees shall be trained in the use of fire extinguisher.

5.22.4. There shall be assembling point during emergency evacuation.

5.22.5. There shall be recognized internal and external maintenance, inspection and testing regime for

fire safety which shall include;

a) Fire extinguishers.

b) Fire alarm detection and warning systems.

c) automatic suppression systems (sprinklers)

d) Door control mechanisms.

e) smoke control systems (fire dampers and exhaust ventilation systems)

f) Emergency voice communication systems (refuges).

g) Evacuation and fire-fighting lifts.

h) Emergency lighting.

i) Standby power systems.

j) Lightning conductors.

k) Electrical equipment and systems. 11©ESA

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5.23. Emergency evacuation plan

5.23.1. There shall be emergency evacuation plan

5.23.2. The plan shall be reviewed at least annually by the Warden or designer and revised. At a

minimum, the plan shall address the following

a) The location of building/room floor plans.

b) The use of exit signs, directional arrows, and other warning devices/equipment.

c) All exit signs and arrows shall be located where they can be easily seen and read.

5.23.3. Warning devices and equipment shall be used as necessary to assist persons with disabilities.

5.23.4. There shall be site specific evacuation routes and exits, including designated assembly areas

where applicable and headcount procedures.

5.23.5. There shall be Provision for medical care/transportation for injured prisoners and staff.

5.23.6. There shall be Temporary housing of prisoners during an evacuation.

5.24. First aid

5.24.1. Shall ensure they have first aid provision for staff and prisoners.

5.25. Services and facilities for staff

5.25.1. The institution management shall define the services and facilities offered to staff and conform to

the following:

5.25.2. Shall decide and avail the staff use uniforms and other necessary personal protective

equipment’s as per service type; whereas for food handlers the color of uniform shall be white.

5.25.3. Shall avail facilities for staffs to change clothes for their job position, the changing facilities shall

be provided separate men's and women's employee locker rooms and vestibule entrances to

block sightlines into the locker rooms;

5.25.4. There shall be bathrooms and closets with toilet paper, paper towels or hand dryers, soap or

sanitizer, wastepaper baskets, pedal dustbin and hangers. Solid soap shall be avoided;

5.25.5. Shall provide the adaptation of the workplace if it employs a person with any kind of disability.

5.26. Employees’ health

5.26.1. All employees directly or indirectly involved in the supply of raw materials, products, and

services shall have a health checkup in every three months.

5.27. Personal hygiene

All food handlers shall meet the following personal hygiene conditions:

5.27.1. they shall be clean, have clean hands, and clean and trimmed fingernails; hair shall be clean

and covered and long hair should be tied back;

5.27.2. they shall wash their hands before starting to work and after each break;

5.27.3. They shall not wear visible rings, earrings or piercings, bracelets or watches. When it is not

possible to temporarily remove them, these items shall be adequately protected by a food grade

plaster;

5.27.4. They shall know the allocated areas and the different types of preparation that can be carried out

in each of them.

5.27.5. Other staffs who occasionally enter the kitchen shall wear protective clothing.

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5.28. Waste management

5.28.1. Solid Waste management

5.28.1.1. Solid Waste generated shall be segregate, collected and generally controlled as per Ethiopia

Standard ES 6433.

5.28.2. Each solid waste container shall be identified indicating the type of waste and shall be duly

closed.

5.28.3. The waste bags shall be removed whenever necessary and at least once a day (e.g. external

collector, waste room).

5.29. Liquid waste management

5.29.1. There shall be a plan for liquid waste disposal.

5.29.2. Liquid waste shall be dispose in septic tank or with the system of municipal liquid waste disposal

line.

5.29.3. Any sewage from organization (dish and hand washing and sinks, bathroom, laundry room,

toilet, etc.) Shall be connected to an approved sewer line.

5.29.4. If the septic tank is used by the organization to collect sewage, it shall pump half a meter before

it is filled;

5.29.5. No sewage shall discharge into the rainwater drainage line.

5.29.6. Sewage disposal information shall be available and provided when requested by the concerned

body. (Whether it is connected to an approved sewer line or accumulated sewage, etc.).

5.30. Laundry

5.30.1. There shall be proportional and clean clothing and linen to all the prisoners all the time.

5.30.2. Inmates who have conditions that predispose to soiled clothing with blood and/or body fluids

shall be able to secure additional clothing.

5.30.3. There shall be washing sink for prisoners to wash their own clothes.

5.30.4. Inmates soiled cloths should be disinfected with 0.05% bleach (chlorine solution) before washed

with other unsoiled clothing.

5.30.5. Bleach shall not be provided to prisoners, and applied in a well monitored manner.

5.30.6. Clothing and linens shall be laundered frequently at least twice a week.

5.30.7. Routine inspections shall be performed to ensure that laundry operations are being performed in

accordance with published recommendations.

5.30.8. There shall be central/decentralized laundry service for prisoners.

5.30.9. There shall be cloth washing sinks

5.30.10. The area shall be 3mx4m (12 m2) and height shall be 1m.

5.30.11. There shall be a washroom with its own compartment and an adequate water supply.

5.30.12. Laundry shall be connected to the sewer or to an approved sewer line

5.31. Shower service

5.31.1. There shall be one shower for 20 (twenty) prisoners / user/ different for men and women.

5.31.2. The ceiling of the room shall be 2.4 meters or more (2.4 meters high).

5.31.3. The area of the room shall be 1.2 meters * 1.2 meters. 13©ESA

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5.31.4. Doors shall be able to be opened and closed easily by disabled.

5.31.5. Shall be well-fitted and safe for prisoners with disabilities.

5.31.6. Shall have a window with fresh air ventilation 20 centimeters below the ceiling that can opened

45 degrees down.

5.31.7. The floor of the room shall not contain and allows any leaks during cleaning and use.

5.31.8. The shower shall be separate from the restroom and designed only for this purpose.

5.31.9. The door/curtain of the room shall be easily open and closed from the inside outside.

5.31.10. The wall of the shower shall be waterproof.

5.31.11. Mat shall be provided for the bathroom (made of plastic).

5.31.12. The sewer line shall be connected to an approved sewer line or to a septic tank.

5.32. Health Safety (pest control)

5.32.1. The management is responsible for the pest control prevention system at the premises.

5.32.2. A pest control plan shall be defined and documented by qualified staff (internal or

subcontracted), according to the needs and facilities of the15night club.

5.32.3. Treatment records as well as a copy of the authorization and sanitary registration of the products

used shall be retained.

5.32.4. Shall ensure environment is unfavorable for the breeding and survival of the vectors.

5.32.5. Shall prevent vector life cycle.

5.32.6. Shall promote passive protective measures (screening and mosquito nets) and prevent the

detainees from coming into contact with environments where transmission can occur (Guinea

worms, schistosomiasis (bilharzias) —> stagnant water.

5.32.7. There shall be frequent cleaning of surface-water drains.

5.32.8. Shall use Insecticides with low toxicity for animals and microorganisms.

5.33. Housekeeping and cleaning requirements

5.33.1. General considerations

5.33.1.1. Kitchen chimney shall be two meter high from the roof and cleaned every month.

5.33.1.2. Cleaning products shall be used responsibly, respecting the instructions of the manufacturer

related to both safety of people and to protection of the environment.

5.33.1.3. Environmentally friendly and chlorine-free cleaning products should preferably be used, as

well as microfiber cloths that reduce the amount of cleaning liquid required.

5.33.1.4. Furthermore, the following requirements shall be met:

5.33.1.5. Cleaning tools for the bathroom shall be identified according to the use given to them.

5.33.1.6. Cleaning products shall retain their original labels or be visibly identified. If these need to be

transferred to a smaller container, this shall have an automatic dispensing system. Food

receptacles that could result in accidents if mistaken shall never be used;

5.33.1.7. During cleaning activities and when the floor is wet, warning signposting shall be displayed to

inform customer and prevent accidents;

5.33.1.8. Housekeeping staff shall have adequate means (cleaning trolley or similar) for cleaning rooms.

5.33.1.9. Housekeeping staff shall report incidents (e.g. defective lights, damaged faucets) and shall

keep the cleaning equipment in a suitable condition for performing its function.

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5.33.2. Cleaning plan

5.33.2.1. A cleaning plan shall be defined, documented, implemented and maintained, allocating tasks

to staff accordingly and defining the cleaning routes for the different areas.

5.33.2.2. The plan, drawn up either by the bar and restaurant or by a subcontractor, shall include

disinfection activities where disinfection is needed (i.e. toilets, kitchens).

5.33.3. Cleaning of common areas

5.33.3.1. The institution shall ensure the cleaning of its common areas (e.g., corridors, stairs, parking

lots, gardens, and yards, indoor and outdoor, toilets).

In general terms, the minimum cleaning frequency should conform to table 1.

Table: 1 cleaning frequency guide

Area Minimum frequency

Toilets At least three times a day and increase as th

number of users increases

Outdoor area Once a day

Dining rooms Twice a day

Kitchen Minimum twice a day restrict follow up

Store Once a day

Living quarters Once a day

Other facilities Determined by the prison in the cleaning pla

according to the needs

5.33.3.2. In the same way, the frequency shall be increased when there is an intensive use of the

facilities and cleanliness might not be guaranteed with the stated frequencies, or when it is

proved that customer are unsatisfied with the level of cleaning.

EXAMPLE Toilets which are situated next to the lobby will probably need a higher frequency of cleaning

than toilets located next to the events rooms (if those exist) when the meeting rooms are not in use.

On the other hand, when the events rooms are in use the nearby toilets will probably need a higher

frequency of cleaning.

The same situation could be applicable to facilities next to the outdoor pool, depending on the season

and the use of the pool, gardens or any other area of the bar and restaurant.

5.33.4. The cleaning plan shall ensure:

5.33.4.1. Regarding indoor common areas, that: walls, floors, ceilings, furniture, mirrors, doors, panels,

push buttons, decorative elements, wastebaskets and trash containers are clean.

5.33.4.2. Areas and equipment used by prisoners hall be kept clean and disinfected;

5.33.4.3. Regarding toilets in common areas, that: the walls, floors, ceilings, furniture, mirrors,

equipment, windows, decorative elements and visible parts of the faucets are clean;

- consumables (e.g. toilet paper, soap) are replaced;

- bags shall be changed and placed in the bins at least daily if they have been used, and every time it

is necessary;

- toilets shall be ventilated and fresh smelling;

- Daily cleaning and disinfection records (where applicable) shall be kept. 15©ESA

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- Regarding outdoor common areas, that: the walls, windows and decorative elements shall be clean.

5.33.5. Deep cleaning program

5.33.5.1. A deep cleaning program for all rooms shall be carried out once a month, considering the level

of occupation, seasonality and need. Mattress labeling and turning as well as curtain, carpet

and window cleaning shall be included in the program, when applicable.

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The Head Office of ESA is at Addis Ababa.

011- 646 06 85, 011- 646 05 65 011-646 08 80 2310 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia E-mail: info@ethiostandards.org, Website: www.ethiostandards.org

Organization and Objectives

The Ethiopian Standards Agency (ESA) is the national standards body of Ethiopia established in 2010 based on regulation No. 193/2010.ESA is established due to the restructuring o f Quality a nd Standards Authority o f Ethiopia ( QSAE) which was established in 1998.

ESA’s objectives are:-

Develop Ethiopian standards an d establish a system that enable to check whether goods and services are in compliance with the required standards,

Facilitate the country’s technology transfer through the use of standards,

Develop national standards for local products and services so as to make them competitive in the international market.

Ethiopian Standards

The Ethiopian Standards are developed by national technical committees which are composed of different stakeholders consisting of educational Institutions, research institutes, government or ganizations, certification, inspection, and testing organizations, regulatory bodies, consumer association etc. The requirements and/ or recommendations contained in Ethiopian Standards are consensus based that reflects the interest of the TC representatives and also of comments received from the public and other sources. Ethiopian Standards are approved by the National Standardization Council and are kept under continuous review after publication and updated regularly to take account of latest scientific and technological changes. Orders f or a ll Ethiopian Standards, International Standard and ASTM standards, including electronic versions, should be addressed to the Documentation and Publication Team at the Head office and Branch (Liaisons) offices. A catalogue of Ethiopian Standards is also available freely and can be accessed in f rom our website.

ESA has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of ESA. International Involvement ESA, representing Ethiopia, is a member of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO), and Codex Alimentarius Commission ( CODEX). It also maintains close working relations with the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).It is a founding member of the African Regional Organization for standardization (ARSO).

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