prision
TRANSCRIPT
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1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Software Development services Engineering Services Systems Integration Customer Relationship Management Product Development Electronic Commerce Consulting IT Outsourcing
We apply technology with innovation and responsibility to achieve two broad objectives:
Effectively address the need of our Prisons today. Generate new opportunities that will help them stay
ahead in the future.
This approach rests on:
A strategy where we architect, integrate and manage Prison services – we call it AIM for PERFECTION.
A robust offshore development methodology and reduced demand on Prison services.
A focus on the use of reusable frameworks to provide cost and time benefits.
They combine the best people, processes and technology to achieve excellent results-consistency. We offer Prison the advantages of:
BETTER USER INTERFACE. ENSURING SCALABILITY. RIGHT TOOLS TO RUN ADMINISTRATION SMOOTHLY. RECORDING AND TRACKING OF ALL PRISON
MOVEMENTS. INTEGRATION OF PRISON AND VISITOR MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS. COMPREHENSIVE CULLING OF INFORMATION ABOUT
PRISONERS. COURT CASES AND CRIME. PROVISION OF AUTOMATED RELEASE DAIRY
GENERATOR. HANDLING VISIT REQUEST ONLINE GENERATES STATUS REPORTS
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1.1.1 OBJECTIVES: The Program will develop proficiency in four broad
areas:
1. Leadership, which will enable participants to master complex material in managing prisons.
2. Knowledge of the economic, medical, epidemiological, social, community and political aspects that relate specifically to prison and to the prison service, in order to understand their influence on the prisoners and their implications on the whole of society.
3. Advanced skills of administration and policy analysis and their implementation in prison management.
1.2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This project is aimed at developing a prison management system that is a collection of registers and reports for the effective management of prisons. This system should contain the modules like nominal roll, case register, parole register, Education, Training, Interview requests, In-out register and an automated release diary generator.
1. Nominal Roll: The details of the prisoner and his/her demographic details should be captured. A digital photo comprising different views of the prisoner and the list of articles surrendered by prisoner during nominal roll are to be recorded.
2. Case register: All the details of the cases against the prisoner should be captured. This must include the sentence details, remand/conviction details, etc.
3. Automated release diary generator: This report should be display the list of prisoners to be released on a day, the next day, the next week, the next month, or any given duration of time.
4. Parole register: This module should track all prisoners on parole and provide necessary reports on this data.
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5. Education: This module consists of the information about the education to the prisoner based on his qualification and interest.
6. Training: This module consists of the information about the training provided to the prisoner in various works based on his interest.
7. Interview requests and In-out register: All interview requests by the relatives of the prisoners need to be recorded and tracked. An in-out register will track all prisoners and others who move in and out for various reasons.
8. Various status reports and demographical analysis reports are to be generated.
9. Staff: This module consists of the information about the staff like their name, designation, date of joining etc.,
1.3 EXISTING SYSTEM AND DRAWBACKS
Automation of Prison helps the jailor in order to
maintain the prison effectively and efficiently. It also keeps
track of information regarding prisoners and the visitors.
The major drawbacks of existing system are:
The Manual record entry is very slow and often
tedious. Human errors are always possible in entering the
data. It takes lot of time to verify where the data is entered
incorrectly.
Submission of illegal bills to the board. Fake
information is sent to the board regarding reception of stock
items.
Difficulty in retrieval and access of data
Lack of security, unauthorized access to data.
Unnecessary investment towards inventory items.
Does not integrate prison and visitor management
systems.
Existing systems are stand alone.
Do not have automated release dairy generator.
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The current system is rigid. Many options for storing and retrieving of records are not possible. There is no analysis, no report generation in existing system
IDENTIFICATION OF NEED:
Prison management system is used for storing all the data regarding the details of the prisoners , visitors and the staff . The details regarding the prisoners include their personal , case details .The details include not only the prisoners personal details but also the type of crime he has committed ,the duration of imprisonment ,his parole details ,their status report(released or not released) , his education and training details . The details regarding the visitors include their relation with prisoner , details of their visit to the prison and providing online access to the visitor in order to put a request to meet a particular prisoner .
In the changing world of today, the need for highly effective management of prisons and other related institutions has never been greater. The effective management of prisons, has been linked, both in theory and practice, to sustained economic development and is a major vehicle through which to develop modern prison management systems and principles. Governments and prison services around the world are undergoing processes of renewal and reform that pose new challenges and opportunities in prison management. These same challenges and opportunities demand new knowledge, skills and leadership abilities.
The shift in the focus of prison management, which leads to the move from an input to an output orientation, a stress on quality prisoner-based service and the increasing role of performance-based management systems, gives rise to a new concept of responsible professionalism within the prison.
Prison reform does not focus solely on transitional countries, but forms part of a worldwide movement. Examples of such reforms indicate major changes in:
Decreasing the overall size of the prison bureaucracy
Strengthening the policy-making role of senior officials at
the national administration level
A shift in the role of bureaucrats from policy initiators to
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policy advisers and implementers
A decentralization of central administration functions to the
level of the local prison manager
A strengthening of the policy and technical support
systems within the prison administration
NEED FOR AUTOMATION
The need for automation was felt because of the inability to
monitor and keep track of the large amount of data received.
Physical handling of the voluminous data is problematic
to the store people.
There is no security for the information.
It causes inconvenience to the store to view the
previous year details.
Generation of statistical reports from the bulk of data
becomes tedious.
1.4. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system computerizes the
maintenance of the records about the prisoners in the prison
with out much strain to the users. In the system the visitors
can also book the slots online to visit the prison. If the slot for
the particular day is empty then he will be allowed to visit the
prison otherwise he will not be allowed. The Jailor has various
services spread out in the system by which he can maintain
the records more conveniently than in the manual system in
an organized way.
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Integrates both prison and visitor management
systems.
Has automated release dairy generator.
Is a web application which can be accessed
online.
Benefits of Automated Prison Management System :
This project is completely secured and automated in
order to make it easy for the jailor and visitors to access
the information on a single mouse click.
All information is stored in the database providing better
user interface.
Details can be entered and modified by jailor.
Easy approval or rejection of the visitor.
Easy accessing of the management system to necessary
timely changes.
This PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM project is all set to
bring ease and accuracy in the work there by saving the
man power and time to a great extent.
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SYSTEM:
Designing and implementing the new links. Designing and implementing the users. Arranging new links as subject wise.
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS: System analysis will be performed to determine if it is feasible to design information based on policies and plans of the organization and on user requirements and to eliminate the weaknesses of the present system.
The new system should be cost effective. To augment management , improve productivity and
services. To enhance user / system interface. To improve information qualify and usability. To upgrade systems reliability , availability , flexibility
and growth potential.
2.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT The objective of the project is to design and develop prison management system for prisons in order to handle the prisoners and visitors records. The authorized person is jailer who updates the records of prisoners and visitors .A visitor can retrieve the application online and has rights to access only his account .A common man can also use this site for viewing the prison details .
2.2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
Prison Management System provides the solution to update and preserve the complete record of inmates, enhance security, and further improve the management and planning of jails.
The scope of the software is to develop the management information system of prisons which will provide automated prison management system (APMS) of all inmates housed in jail. This system aims to digitize the MIS modules, which include prisoners nominal roll where the details of the prisoner and his/her demographic details will be captured, Case register, Interview requests and an Automated release diary generator which displays the list of prisoners to be released on any given duration of time to efficiently manage jail affairs.
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PMS –Prison Management System is a secure system to modernize Inmate Record maintenance which facilitates electronic processing and the management of such activity to provide higher level of compliance and faster service with lower cost and higher efficiency.
PMS aims at fair and transparent implementation and management of inmate attribute data .The PMS also maintains Parole register which tracks all prisoners on parole and provide necessary reports on this data. An In-Out register will track all prisoners and others who move in and out for various reasons which include provisions for recording the prisoners sent to courts for hearing.
The visitors and jailor can log in and the jailer can generate various status reports as well as demographical analysis reports.
MODULES:
VISITOR: Every prisoner is associated with four visitors.This module enables the visitor to view his visit details and has the previlige to put a request to meet a particular prisoner.He can also view the status (released/not-released) of his prisoner . JAILER: The jailer is the administrator who uploads the details of the prisoner,view the details of the prisoner and his associated visitors.He has access to the following modules.
Nominal Roll: The details of the prisoner and his/her demographic details should be captured. A digital photo comprising different views of the prisoner and the list of articles surrendered by prisoner during nominal roll are to be recorded.
Case register: All the details of the cases against the prisoner should be captured. This must include the sentence details, remand/conviction details, etc.
Automated release diary generator: This report should be display the list of prisoners to be released on a day, the next day, the next week, the next month, or any given duration of time.
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Parole register: This module should track all prisoners on parole and provide necessary reports on this data.
Education: This module consists of the information about the education to the prisoner based on his qualification and interest.
Training: This module consists of the information about the training provided to the prisoner in various works based on his interest.
Staff: This module consists of the information about the staff like their name, designation, date of joining etc.,
2.3 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 2.2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Processor : Intel P-IV system
Processor Speed : 250MHz to 833MHz
RAM : 256MB RAM
Hard Disk : 40GB
2.2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Operating System : Windows XP
Database : Oracle 9i
Server side technology : Servlets
Server side scripting : JSP
Client side scripting : HTML,Javascript
Web-Server : Tomcat
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3.1 SERVER SIDE DESIGN
Java
Introduction:
Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, EdFrank and Mike Sheridan at Sun Microsystems in 1991. It took 18 months to develop the first working version. This language was initially called “oak” but was renamed “Java” in 1995. The original impetus for Java was not the internet instead, the primary motivation was the
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need for a platform independent (that is architecture-neutral) language that could be used to create software to be embedded in various consumer electronic devices.
The trouble with C and C++ is that they are designed to be complied for a specific target. Although it is possible to compile a C++ program for just about any type of CPU, to do so requires a full C++ compiler targeted for that CPU. The problem is that compilers are expensive and time consuming to create. An easier and more cost efficient solution was needed. In an attempt to find such a solution, Gosling and others began work on a portable, platform independent language that could be used to produce code that would run on a variety of CPU’s under differing environments. This effort ultimately led to the creation of Java.
The second factor that would play a critical role in the future of Java was the World Wide Web. With the emergence of the World Wide Web, Java was propelled to the forefront of computer language design, because the web, too, demanded portable programs. With the advent of the internet and the web, the old problem of portability returned with a vengeance. The Internet consists of a diverse, distributed universe populated with many types of computers, operating systems, and CPU’s. Even though many types of platforms are attached to the Internet, users would like them all to run the same program. What was once an irritating but low priority problem had become a high profile necessity. While the desire for an architecture neutral programming language provided the initial spark, the Internet ultimately led to Java’s large scale success. Java derives much of its character from C and C++. In addition to surfacing similarities, Java shares some of the other attributes that helped make C and C++ successful.
Features of the Java:
The Common Language Runtime provides a Code-Execution Environment that Manages code targeting the .NET Framework. Code Management can take the form of Memory Management, Thread Management, Security Management, Code Verification and Compilation, and other System Services.Managed Components are awarded varying degrees of trust, depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet, Enterprise Network, or Local Computer). This means that a Managed Component might or might not be
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able to perform File-access Operations, Registry-access Operations, or other Sensitive Functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enforces Security in a way that enables users to trust that although an executable attached to E-Mail can play an animation on screen or sing a song, it cannot access their personal data, File System, or Network. The Security Features of the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-Deployed Software to be exceptionally feature-rich.
The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a Strict Type and Code Verification infrastructure called the Common Type System (CTS). The CTS ensures that all Managed Code is self-describing. The various Microsoft and third-party language compilers generate Managed Code that conforms to the CTS. This means that Managed Code can consume other Managed Classes, Types, and Objects, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and Type Safety.
In addition, the Managed Environment of the runtime ensures that the most common types of software issues are solved or eradicated completely. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This automatic Memory Management eliminates the two most common application errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references.
The runtime, coupled with the CTS, also accelerates developer productivity. For example, programmers can use their favorite development language, being absolutely assured that they can still take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. Any compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so. Language compilers that target the .NET Framework make the features of the .NET Framework available to existing code written in that language, thus greatly easing the migration process for existing applications.
Although the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also supports software of today and yesterday. Interoperability between Managed and Unmanaged Code enables developers to continue to use necessary COM components and DLLs.
The runtime is designed to enhance Performance. A feature called Just-In-Time (JIT) compiling enables all Managed
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Code to run in the Native Machine Language of the system on which it is executing.
Finally, the runtime can be hosted by High-performance, Server-side applications, such as Internet Information Services (IIS) and Microsoft SQL Server. This enables you to use Managed Code to write your business logic, while still enjoying the superior performance of the industry's best enterprise servers.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC):
JDBC is a set specification that defines how a program written in Java can communicate and interact with a database. It provides a vehicle for the exchange of data between Java application and databases. Programs developed with Java and the JDBC are platform independent and vendor independent.
The same Java database program can run on PC, a workstation, or Java powered terminal. You can move your data from one database to another, for example from Microsoft SQL Server to Oracle and the same program can still read your data. This is in sharp contrast to the database programming typically done on personal computers today. It is common that one writes the database application in proprietary database language, using a database management system that is available only from one or two platforms.
At the heart of the JDBC is the JDBC driver. JDBC driver is responsible for ensuring that a request made by the application is presented to the database in away that is meaningful to the databases. JDBC was designed to support the most common form of SQL known as ANSI SQL 92 entry level standard.
The JDBC consists of two layers. The top layer is the JDBC API. This API communicates with JDBC manager driver API sending, it the various SQL statements. The manager should communicate with the various third party drivers that actually connect to the database and return the information from the query or performed the action specified by the query.
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Application JDBC API
NETWORK
INTERFACE
Figure illustrates the role of JDBC
Typical uses of the JDBC
Just as one can use Java for both applications and applets, one can use the JDBC enhanced version of Java in both applications and applets, when that version is used in an applet, all the normal security restrictions applied. JDBC continues to assume all applets are trusted.
In particular, applets that use JDBC would only be able to open a database connection from the server from which they are downloaded. They can make neither explicit nor implicit use of information. Although the JDBC extensions of the Java security model allow on to download a JDBC driver and register it with JDBC device manager on the server, that driver can be used only for connections from the same server the applet came from. That means the web server and the database must be the same machine, which is not a typical set up. Of course, the web server can have a proxy service that routes database traffic to another machine. When signed Java applets become possible these restrictions could be loosen.
Applications on the other hand have complete freedom. They can give the application the total access to files and remote servers. We envision that JDBC applications will be very common.
Components of JDBC
There are three components to the JDBCThe JDBC driver managerThe JDBC driver test suite
The JDBC-ODBC bridge
The JDBC driver manager is the backbone of the JDBC architecture. It actually quite small and simple its
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NETWORK
NETWORK
DATABASE
primary function is to connect Java applications to the connect JDBC driver and then get out of the way.
The JDBC driver test suite provides some confidence that JDBC drivers will run your program. Only drivers that pass the JDBC driver test suite can be designated JDBC COMPLIANT.
The JDBC-ODBC Bridge allows ODBC drivers to be used as JDBC drivers. It was implemented; as a way to get JDBC off the ground quickly, a long term will provide a way to access some of the less popular DBMS if JDBC drivers are not implemented for them.
JDBC-ODBC Bridge:
ODBC driver is the only driver that can be used with the multiple databases and is vendor independent. The ODBC interface remains constant no matter which database is used. This means that this type of JDBC driver only needs to speak only one language ODBC. The JDBC-ODBC drivers use a bridge technology to connect a Java client to an ODBC database service. Sun’s JDBC-ODBC bridge is the most common of this type of driver. These drivers are implemented using Native Code.
Type 1 drivers can be used for the following implementations:
Quick system prototyping. Three-tier database systems.
Database systems that provide an ODBC driver but not a JDBC driver.
Low cost database solution where an ODBC driver is already present.
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Native-API-Party-Java Driver:
This makes use of local native libraries to communicate with the database. The driver does this by making call o the locally installed native call level interface (CLI). The CLI libraries are responsible for the actual communication with the database server. These drivers wrap a thin layer around database-specific native code libraries. Since these drivers are implemented using native code, in some cases hey have better performance than their all-Java counterparts.
They add an element of risk, however, because a defect in a driver native code section can crash the entire server. Another restriction is the inability to use it in entrusted applets. Also, since the JDBC driver uses native libraries, these libraries must be installed and configured on each machine that will be using the driver. Type 2 drivers can be used for the following implementations.
As an alternative to the JDBC-ODBC bridge. Since type 2 drivers interface directly with the database, they will perform better than the bridge.
As a low-cost database solution where a major database system providing a type 2 drivers is already being used.
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JDBC-Net-All-Java-Driver: Type 3 drivers are used in a three-tier solution and can be deployed over the Internet. These drivers communicate with some middle tier via a generic network protocol. The middle tier will most likely reside on a web or database server and in turn communicate with the database product via the JDBC-ODBC Bridge, either type 2 or type 4 drivers. These drivers are all Java and therefore are useful for applet deployment and safe fro Servlet deployment. Type 3 drivers can be used for the following implementations
Web-deployed applets that do not require any preinstallation or configuration or software.
Secure systems where the database product will be protected behind a middle tier.
Flexible solutions where there are different database products in use-the middle tier software can usually acts as an interface to any database product accessed via JDBC.
Clients requiring a small footprint because size of type 3 drivers is usually much smaller than all other types.
Java Application
JDBC Type IIIDriver
Middle Ware Server
DATABASEDatabase Server
DBMS client
Java Application
JDBC Type IIIDriver
Middle Ware Server
DATABASEDatabase Server
DBMS client
Figure 2.12
Native-protocol-All-Java-Driver:
This kind of driver converts JDBC calls into the network protocol used by DBMS directly. This allows a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server and is practical solution for Internet access. Since many of these protocols are proprietary, the database vendors themselves will be the primary source and database vendors have these in progress.
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Type 4 drivers understand database specific networking protocols and can access the database directly without any additional software. The advantage of using type 4 drivers is that there are no layers of native code or middle-tier software between the client and the database engine. Type 4 drivers can be used for the following implementations .
When high performance is critical In environments where only one database product is in
use. Web-deployed applets, depending upon the capabilities
of the driver.
Java Application
JDBC Type IVDriver
DBMS Client Interface
DATABASE
Java Application
JDBC Type IVDriver
DBMS Client Interface
DATABASE
Servlet
In the early days of the web, a server could dynamically construct a page by creating a separate process to handle each client request. The process would open connection to one or more databases in order to obtain the necessary information. It communicated with the web server via an interface known as the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). CGI allowed the separate process a read data from HTTP request and write data to the HTTP response. A variety of different languages were used to build CGI programs including C, C++ and Perl.
However, CGI suffered serious performance problems. Creating a separate process for each request was expensive, in terms of the processor and resources. It was also expensive to open and close database connections for each request.
Advantage of Servlet over Common Gateway Interface (CGI):
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Performance is significantly better. Servlet
execute within the address space of a web browser. Creating a separate process to handle each request isn’t necessary.Figure 2.14
Servlets are platform-independent, because they are written in Java. Several web servers, from vendors such as Sun, Netscape and Microsoft offers the Servlet API. Programs developed for this API can be moved to any of these environments without recompilation
The Java security manager on the server enforces a set of restrictions to protect the resources on a server machine. You will see that some Servlets are trusted and others are not trusted. The full functionality of the class libraries is available to a Servlet.
.
The Servlet Life Cycle:
Three methods are central to the cycle of a Servlet:Init ()Service ()Destroy ()
They are implemented by every Servlet and are invoked at specific times by the server. Consider next a typical user scenario, to understand when these methods are called.
First, assume that a user enters a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to the web browser. The Browser then generates a HTTP request for this URL and sends it to the appropriate server.
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Second, the web server receives this HTTP request. The server maps this request to a particular Servlet. This Servlet is dynamically retrieved and located into the address space of the server.
Third, the server invokes the init () method of the Servlet. This method is invoked only when the Servlet is first loaded into the memory. You will see the initialization parameters can be passed to the Servlet so that it may configure itself.
Fourth, the server invokes the Servlets service () method, which is called to process the HTTP request. You will see that the Servlet can read data that has been provided in the HTTP request, and may also formulate an HTTP response for the client.
The Servlet remains in the servers address space and is available to process any other HTTP requests received from clients without creating any new process. The service () method is called for each HTTP request
Finally the server may decide to unload the Servlet from its memory. The algorithms by which this determination is made are specific to each server. The server calls destroy () method to relinquish any resources, such as file handlers that are allocated for a Servlet. Important data may be saved to a persistent store. The memory allocated for the Servlet and its objects can then be garbage collected.
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Architecture of Servlet:
The central abstraction in the JSDK is the Servlet interface. All Servlet implements this interface, either directly or more commonly by extending a class that implements it such as the Generic Servlet or the HTTP Servlet. The Servlet interface provides for methods that manage the Servlet and it’s developing a Servlet.
When a Servlet accepts a call from client it receives two object one is the Servlet request and the other is the Servlet response. The Servlet request class encapsulates the communication from back to the client. The Servlet request interface allows the Servlet access to the information such as the names of the parameters passed in by the client, the protocol (scheme) being used by the client, and the names of the remote host that made the request and the server that received it. It also provides the Servlet to access the input stream. Servlet classes of Servlet request allow the Servlet to retrieve more protocol specific data Input stream, through which the Servlet gets data from clients that are using application, protocols such as the HTTP POST and PUT methods. Subclasses of Servlet request allow the Servlet more protocol specific data.
The Servlet response interfaces give the Servlet methods to the client. It allows the Servlet to set the content length and mime type of the reply and provides an output stream. Servlet output stream and a writer through which the Servlet can send the reply data. Subclasses of Servlet response give the Servlet more protocol specific capabilities. For example, ‘HTTPServletResponse’ contains methods that allow the Servlet to manipulate the HTTP specific header information.
Services load and run Servlet, which then accept zero or more requests from clients and return data to them. They can also remove Servlet. These are the steps of a Servlet life cycle.
When a service () loads a Servlet, it runs the Servlet’s init ( ) method. Even though most Servlets are run in multi-threaded services, there are no concurrency issues during Servlet initialization. This is because the service calls the init () method once, when it loads the Servlet, and will not call it again unless it is reloading the Servlet. The service () method cannot reload a Servlet until after it has removed the Servlet by calling destroy () methods. Initialization is allowed to
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complete before the client requests are handled or the Servlet is destroyed.
Each client’s request has its call to the service () method run in its own Servlet. The method receives the client’s request and sends the client its response. Servlets can run multiple service () methods at a time. It is important therefore that the service () methods be written in a thread-safe manner until they are removed from the service. When a service removes a Servlet, it removes a Servlet by running the Servlet destroy () method. The method is run once; the service will not run it again until after it reloads and reinitializes the Servlet. When destroy () method runs, however, other threads might be running service requests. If in cleaning up, it is necessary to access shared resources that access should be synchronized.
Apache web server
Apache is currently the leading UNIX Web Server. It is high performance HTTPd (HTTP daemon) server that it roots in UNIX.A daemon is a UNIX background process that implements the server side of a protocol.
The Apache Web Server is a drop-in replacement for National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) HTTPd server. On a Web Server already running NCSA, one can simply compile Apache and the HTTPd binary from NCSA with the new Apache binary. The Apache Group develops it. Apache comes in source form and can be compiled on many platforms such as Linux, SCO UNIX and Solaris.
Apache HTTP Server:
Is a powerful, flexible, HTTP/1.1 compliant web server. Implements the latest protocols, including
HTTP/1.1(RFC2616). Is highly configurable and extensible with third-party
modules. Can be customized by writing modules using the Apache
module API. Provides full source code and comes with an
unrestrictive license. Encourages user feedback through new ideas, bug
reports and patches.
Apache Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference Implementation for the Java Servlet and
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JavaServer Pages technologies.Apache Tomcat powers numerous large-scale, mission-critical web applications across a diverse range of industries and organizations.
Apache Tomcat Versions
Servlet/JSP Spec Apache Tomcat version 2.5/2.1 6.0.10 2.4/2.0 5.5.23 2.3/1.2 4.1.34 2.2/1.1 3.3.2
Apache Tomcat version 5.5 implements the Servlet 2.4 and JavaServer Pages 2.0 specifications from the Java Community Process, and includes many additional features that make it a useful platform for developing and deploying web applications and web services.
APACHE TOMCAT SERVER:
Apache Tomcat is a web container developed at the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the servlet and the Java Server Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, providing an environment for Java code to run in cooperation with a web server. It adds tools for configuration and management but can also be configured by editing configuration files that are normally XML-formatted. Tomcat includes its own HTTP server internally.
Environment:
Tomcat is a web server that supports servlets and JSPs. The accompanying Tomcat Jasper compiler compiles JSPs into servlets.
The Tomcat servlet engine is often used in combination with an Apache HTTP Server or other web servers. Tomcat can also function as an independent web server. Earlier in its development, the perception existed that standalone Tomcat was only suitable for development environments and other environments with minimal requirements for speed and transaction handling. However, that perception no longer exists; Tomcat is increasingly used as a standalone web server in high-traffic, high-availability environments.
Tomcat is cross-platform, running on any operating system that has a Java Runtime Environment.
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The following properties can be specified, either as system properties, or by using a deployer.properties file located in the root folder of the deployer package:
build: The build folder used will be, by default, ${build}/webapp${path}. After the end of the execution of the compile target, the web application WAR will be located at ${build}/webapp${path}.war.
webapp: Folder containing the expanded web application which will be compiled and validated. By default, the folder is myapp.
path: Deployed context path of the web application, by default /myapp.
url: Absolute URL to the manager web application of a running Tomcat server, which will be used to deploy and undeploy the web application. By default, the deployer will attempt to access a Tomcat instance running on localhost, at http://localhost:8080/manager.
username: Username to be used to connect to the Tomcat manager.
password: Password to be used to connect to the
Tomcat manager
A web application which is programmatically developed by the developer is stored in the webapps folder and WEB-INF folder also saved in that location which consists of folder named classes which supports to run application automatically.
The deployer package includes a ready to use Ant script, with the following targets:
compile (default): Compile and validate the web application. This can be used standalone, and does not need a running Tomcat server. The compiled application will only run on the associated Tomcat 5.0.x server release, and is not guaranteed to work on another Tomcat release, as the code generated by Jasper depends on its runtime component. It should also be noted that this target will also compile automatically any Java source file located in the /WEB-INF/classes folder of the web application.
deploy: Deploy a web application (compiled or not) to a Tomcat server
undeploy: Undeploy a web application start: Start web application reload: Reload web application stop: Stop web application
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ORACLE9i
3.1.4.1 Database Management Systems (DBMS):
A DBMS consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access that data and to modify the data. The collection of data is usually referred as the “database”. The database contains information about any particular enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving and storing information into the database.
Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. The management of data involves both the definition of the structure for the storage of information and the provision of mechanisms for the manipulation of information. In addition the database system must provide for the safety of information stored in the database despite crashes or attempts by users, the system must avoid possible anomalous results.
Characteristics of Database Management Systems:
It represents complex relationships between data. Keeps a tight control on data redundancy. Enforces user-defined rules to ensure that integrity of
table data. Enforces threat data can be shared by different
applications. Enforces data access authorization. Have automatic, intelligent backup and recovery
procedures for data interfaces via which users can manipulate data.
The data is stored in the form of tables. The tables consist of one or more records or rows. Each row has one or more fields or columns. The unit of data is accessed by a row and column intersection. A column that has a unique set of values through out the table can be used to access the data. Such a column is called the “Key” or the “Primary Key”. If no such single column exists, using a set of columns such that
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when combined they are unique throughout the table can access the data. These set of columns are called “Composite Key”.
In short modern (Relational) RDBMS act as a transparent interface between the physical storage and the logical presentation of data. It provides a set of flexible and sophisticated tools for handling information. The tools can be used to
Define database. Query a database. Add, delete and modify the database. Modify the structure of the database. Secure the data public access. Communications within networks/time sharing
environments. Export and import the data.
3.1.4.2 Data Definition Language (DDL):
A database schema is especially by a set of definitions, which are expressed by a special language called Data Definition Language. The result is a set of tables, which are stored in a special file as data dictionary.
3.1.4.3 Data Manipulation Language (DML):
By data manipulate we mean that The retrieval of information stored in the database. The insertion of information into the database. The deletion of information from the database.
The goal should be to provide efficient human interaction with the system. The DML is a language that enables us to a view data as organized by the appropriate data model. There are basically two types of data manipulation languages, they are:
Procedural: DML requires the user to specify what data is needed and how to get it. Here the data gets modified in each procedure and execution is in the form of procedure by procedure.
Non-Procedural: DML requires the user to specify what data is needed without specifying how to get it. The form is based on certain events that are event driven. On procedural DML is usually easier to learn than procedural DML.
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A query is a statement requesting the retrieval of information. The portion of DML that involves information retrieval is called “Query Language”. Hence sometimes DML is also called as query language.
Overview:
An overview of the changes that have been made to Oracle 9i to improve the following technical aspects :-
database performance ease of management scalability security availability
Windows 2000 integration and application areas:
Internet content management ecommerce integration packaged applications Business Intelligence
All these topics will be explored farther in the coming issues so for this issue I have provided only brief details about each area of improvement, just to give you a feel for what has changed, so that you can decide whether or not to take advantage of them.
Oracle 9i Performance Improvements
Performance is always a big issue with databases, there are innumerable books on the subject and I've just written a whole series of articles on performance, so what's new in Oracle9i in the way of performance enhancements ? Well, I guess the biggest improvements have been to Parallel Server which Oracle now calls Real Application Clusters and which allow applications to use clustered servers without modification. Other improvements include:
native compilation of PL/SQL reduction in latch contention (SGA locks) and I/O
improvements
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better Java performance (better compilation, improved garbage collection)
distributed database performance enhancements
Oracle 9i Manageability Enhancements
Ease of management of the database has always been a bone of contention, especially configuration of rollback segments and such like, so Oracle have made great strides to improve manageability as the complexity of the database has increased. These improvements include:
automatic rollback segment management many operations management enhancements Oracle Enterprise Manager enhancements
Oracle 9i Scalability Enhancements
As the demand for databases to be able to support more and more users continues, issues of scalability become more important. Improvements in this area consist of:
Real Application Clusters - new servers can be added as required
reduced resource requirements per user improved resource management features to give
greater control at lower levels
Oracle 9i Security Enhancements
As the number of users increase and the locations and types of users become more diverse, better security (and privacy) features become essential. The security improvements for Oracle 9i are:
enhanced 3-tier security (integration with LDAP ...) improved hosting security (through use of virtual private
databases), fine-grained auditing and single sign-on improved user security (more password management
features, etc.) ability to encrypt stored data row-level access control (Oracle Label Security)
Oracle 9i Availability Enhancements
For the last few releases Oracle have been putting a lot of effort into increasing database availability and this continues with Oracle 9i with new features including:-
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disaster recovery enhancements (standby database management, LogMiner)
reduction in off-line maintenance requirements (CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT... etc.)
faster and more precise database repair (after corruption/instance failure)
enabling queries to go back in time with flashback queries
INTERNET CONTENT MANAGEMENT
Oracle 9i can be used for the storage and manipulation of many different types of data. The new features are:-
Internet File Store improvements searching/indexing of multimedia and XML data support for collaborative projects via the creation of
shared workspaces, allowing multiple versions of content to exists simultaneously
ability to create applications to make use of location information of clients and services (e.g. for use with mobile phones)
WINDOWS INTEGRATION
Oracle 9i has been enhanced to take advantage of the new Windows features including:
integration of single sign-on and PKI with Active Directory and Microsoft Certificate Store
better integration with IIS and Microsoft's Transaction Services and Message Queuing
enhanced development features (Oracle Data Objects etc.)
3.2. CLIENT SIDE DESIGN
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
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HTML is a static language used to create hypertext documents that have hyperlinks embedded in them. You can build web pages. It is only formatting language and not a programming language. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized words or locations in a screen that lead to other documents. WWW is a global, interactive, graphical, hypertext information system.
The behind hypertext is that instead of reading text in rigid linear structure you can easily jump from point to another point. You can navigate through the information based on your interest and preferences.
Hyper Media: HTML pages audio and video files linked to then are Hyper Media.
HTML is Platform Independent: If you can access Internet, you can access WWW, irrespective of your Operating System and the Operating System of Web Server you are accessing. All you require is to view and download the HTML files, which are on the WWW, are browser and Internet connections.
HTML is a language for describing structured documents. HTML describes the structure of documents-lists, heading, and paragraph, etc. Elements of web document are through the usage of HTML tags. It is tags that describe documents. Anything that is not a tab is part of a document itself.
HTML does not describe Page Layout:
Word for Windows or Lotus AmiPro for example, has different styles for Headings, fonts, size and identification. HTML does not have all these.
Based on the platform, exact placement or appearance of any element will change. There may be or may not be fonts installed. So your formatted text will appear differently on differently on different machines/platforms.
By separating the structure of the document and its appearance, a program that reads and understands HTML can make formatting decision based on capabilities of the individual platform.
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In addition to providing the networking functions to retrieve documents, web browsers are also HTML formatters. They parse and format documents and display them on the screen. Different browsers show data differently.
Advantages:
An HTML document is a small and hence easy to send over the net. It is small because it does not include format information.HTML documents are cross platform compatible and device independent. You only need HTML readable browser to view them. Font names, locations etc are required.
Java Script: JavaScript is popular scripting language that lets you embed your programs and run these in a web browser. These programs can be placed in a <SCRIPT> tag with a language property setting to “JAVASCRIPT”, which is in either <HEAD> or <BODY> tag. It makes the static web page that developed using static HTML tags to dynamic by using Java language syntax and its attributes and so is case sensitive. JavaScript is used to perform the client side validations dynamically at run time. It is said to be an Object based programming language where it has a rich support of predefined objects, which can be used directly without any creation of an instance. Some of these objects are document, form, frame, history, window, location…etc. Each of the objects, will have its own methods and properties. Methods can be used to perform some actions with that object. Besides performing actions using methods one can also read and change settings in those objects using properties. JavaScript, like Java, also supports a rich set of events such as onAbort, onClick, onMouseMove, onLoad and onSubmit etc, to perform dynamic executions on occurrence of some corresponding events. A handler can handle each event occurrences.
Uses of JavaScript:
JavaScript provides a fairly complete set of built-in functions and commands, enabling you to perform Math calculations, manipulate strings, play sounds, open new
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windows and new URLs, and access and verify user input to your Web forms. Code to perform these functions can be embedded in a page and executed when the page is loaded. We can also write functions containing code that is triggered by events you specify. You can write a JavaScript method that is called when the user clicks submit button of a form, for example, or one that is active when the user clicks a hyperlink on the active page. JavaScript can also set the attributes, or properties, of web page elements, Active-x controls, Java Applets and other objects present in the browser. This way, you can change the behavior of plug-ins or other objects without having to rewrite them. Your JavaScript code could automatically set the text of an Active-x Label Control, for example, based on what time the page is viewed. JavaScript commands are embedded in your HTML documents. Embedding Java Script in your pages requires only one new HTML: element. <SCRIPT> and </SCRIPT>. The <SCRIPT> element takes the attribute LANGUAGE, which the scripting language to use when evaluating the script, and SRC, which can be used to load script from an external source. The following are some simple rules to help you understand how the language is structured:
vaScript is case-sensitive. JavaScript is flexible about statements.
A single statement can cover multiple lines; you can put multiple short statements on a single line –just make sure to add a semicolon (;) at the end of each statement .Braces (the ‘{‘ and ‘}’ characters) group statements into blocks. A block may be the body of a functional or a section of code that gets executed in a loop or as part of the conditional test. JavaScript is designed to resemble Java, which, in turn, looks a lot like C and C++. The difference is that Java was built as a built as a General-purpose object language, JavaScript, on the other hand, is intended to provide a quicker and language for enhancing web pages servers. However, JavaScript is limited itself to perform only the client side validations but not the server side validations.
Java Script is Netscape’s cross–platform, object-based scripting language for client server application. JavaScript is mainly used as a client side scripting language. This means
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that JavaScript code is written into an HTML page. When a user requests an HTML page with JavaScript in it, the script is sent to the browser and it's up to the browser to do something with it. JavaScript can be used in other contexts than a Web browser. Netscape created server-side JavaScript as a CGI-language that can do roughly the same as Perl or ASP.
Fortunately most browsers can handle JavaScript nowadays, but of course some browsers do not support some bits of script.Types of Java Script:
Navigator Java Script also called client-side Java
Script.
Live Wire Java Script also called server-side Java
Script.
Using Java Script, dynamic HTML pages can be created that process user input and maintain persistent data using special objects, files and relational databases. Browser interprets JavaScript statements embedded in an HTML page. Netscape Navigator 2.0 and Internet Explorer 3.0 versions and later recognize Java Script. Through JavaScript Live Connect functionally, application can access Java and CORBA distributed-object applications. Navigator 3.0 and later versions supports Live Connect.
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Client- side JavaScript
JavaScript Architecture
Server-side and client-side share the same core language (ECMA-262), the scripting language standardized by the European standards body which contains core objects, other features like expressions, statements and operators. The main modules of JavaScript are Core and DOM.
FEATURES OF JAVASCRIPT (JS)
Browser interprets JavaScript. JavaScript is object based and uses built-in, extensible
objects and have no classes or inheritance JavaScript is loosely typed language In JavaScript object reference are checked at runtime JavaScript is designed to supplement the capabilities of
HTML with script that are capable of responding to web pages events. JSP has access to some extent of aspects of the web browser window.
JavaScript control browser and content but cannot draw graphics or perform networking.
CLIENT-SIDE JAVASCRIPT FEATURES :
Client–side JavaScript has expressly been developed for use in a web browser in conjunction with HTML pages. This has certain consequences for security.
CLIENT-SIDEADDITION(SUCH AS WINDOW ANDHISTORY)
CORE JAVASCRIPTCORE LANGUAGEFEATURES SUCHAS VARIABLE,FUNCTIONS ANDLIVE CONNECTCLIENT-SIDE
SERVER-SIDEADDITIONS(SUCH AS SERVER ANDDATABASE)
SERVER-SIDE
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JavaScript cannot read files from or write them to the file system on the computer. This would be a clear security hazard
JavaScript cannot execute any other programs. This would also be unacceptable.
JavaScript cannot establish any connection to whatever computer, except to download a new HTML page or to send mail. This, too, would create unacceptable hazards.
The Client-Side JavaScript also has the following features:
Controls Document’s appearance and content Control the browser Interact with the HTML forms Interact with the user Read and write client state with cookies
Server- Side JavaScript Features
Embedded in HTML page Executed at the server Pre-complied for faster response Access to Server-side objects Encapsulation of the request
JSP
Introduction to JSP (Java Server Pages):
Java Server Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that allows software developers to dynamically generate HTML, XML or other types of documents in response to a Web client request. The technology allows Java code and certain pre-defined actions to be embedded into static content.
The JSP syntax adds additional XML-like tags, called JSP actions, to be used to invoke built-in functionality. Additionally, the technology allows for the creation of JSP tag libraries that act as extensions to the standard HTML or XML tags. Tag libraries provide a platform independent way of extending the capabilities of a Web server.
JSPs are compiled into Java Servlets by a JSP compiler. A JSP compiler may generate a servlet in Java code that is then compiled by the Java compiler, or it may generate byte code for the servlet directly.
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"JavaServer Pages" is a technology released by Sun.
JSP Syntax:
A Java Server Page may be broken down into the following pieces:
static data such as HTML, JSP directives such as the include directive, JSP scripting elements and variables, JSP actions,
Static data
Static data is written out to the HTTP response exactly as it appears in the input file. Thus a normal HTML page with no embedded java or actions would be valid JSP input. In that case, the same data would be sent in the response each and every time by the web server to the browser.
JSP directives
JSP directives control how the JSP compiler generates the servlet. The following directives are available:
Include – The include directive informs the JSP compiler to include a complete file into the current file. It is as if the contents of the included file were pasted directly into the original file. This functionality is similar to the one provided by the C preprocessor. Included files generally have the extension "jspf" (for JSP ragment):<%@ include file="somefile.jspf" %>
Page – There are several options to the page directive.
Import results in a Java import statement being inserted into the resulting file
contentType specifies the content that is generated. This should be used if HTML is not used or if the character set is not the default character set.
errorPage indicates the page that will be shown if an exception occurs while processing the HTTP request.
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isErrorPage if set to true, it indicates that this is the error page.
isThreadSafe indicates if the resulting servlet is thread safe.
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %> //example import<%@ page contentType="text/html" %> //example contentType<%@ page isErrorPage=false %> //example for non error page<%@ page isThreadSafe=true %> //example for a thread safe JSP
Note: Only the "import" page directive can be used multiple times in the same JSP.
taglib – The taglib directive indicates that a JSP tag library is to be used. The directive requires that a prefix be specified (much like a namespace in C++) and the URI for the tag library description.
<%@ taglib prefix="myprefix" uri="taglib/mytag.tld" %>
4.2.4 JSP Implicit Objects
The following JSP implicit objects are exposed by the JSP container and can be referenced by the programmer:
out – The JSPWriter used to write the data to the response stream.
page – The servlet itself. pageContext – A PageContext instance that contains
data associated with the whole page. A given HTML page may be passed among multiple JSPs.
request – The HTTP request object. response – The HTTP response object. session – The HTTP session object that can be used to
track information about a user from one request to another.
config – Provides servlet configuration data. application – Data shared by all JSPs and servlets in the
application. exception – Exceptions not caught by application code.
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Scripting elements:
There are three basic kinds of scripting elements that allow java code to be inserted directly into the servlet.
A declaration tag places a variable definition inside the body of the java servlet class. Static data members may be defined as well.
<%! int serverInstanceVariable = 1; %> A scriptlet tag places the contained statements inside
the _jspService() method of the java servlet class.
<% int localStackBasedVariable = 1;out.println(localStackBasedVariable); %>
An expression tag places an expression to be evaluated inside the java servlet class. Expressions should not be terminated with a semi-colon .
<%= "expanded inline data " + 1 %>
JSP actions
JSP actions are XML tags that invoke built-in web server functionality. The following actions are provided:
jsp:include Similar to a subroutine, the Java servlet temporarily hands the request and response off to the specified JavaServer Page. Control will then return to the current JSP, once the other JSP has finished. Using this, JSP code will be shared between multiple other JSPs, rather than duplicated.
jsp:param Can be used inside a jsp:include, jsp:forward or jsp:params block. Specifies a parameter that will be added to the request's current parameters.
jsp:forward Used to hand off the request and response to another JSP or servlet. Control will never return to the current JSP.
jsp:plugin Older versions of Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer used different tags to embed an applet. This action generates the browser specific tag needed to include an
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applet.jsp:fallback The content to show if the browser does not
support applets.jsp:getProperty
Gets a property from the specified JavaBean.
jsp:setProperty Sets a property in the specified JavaBean.The scope attribute can be request, page, session or application. It has the following meanings:
request — the attribute is available for the lifetime of the request. Once the request has been processed by all of the JSPs, the attribute will be de-referenced.
page — the attribute is available for the current page only.
session — the attribute is available for the lifetime of the user's session.
application — the attribute is available to every instance and is never de-referenced. Same as a global variable.
JSP Standard Tag libraries (JSTL)
In addition to the pre-defined JSP actions, developers may add their own custom actions using the JSP Tag Extension API. Developers write a Java class that implements one of the Tag interfaces and provide a tag library XML description file that specifies the tags and the java classes that implement the tags.
JSP pages are compiled into servlets ,so theoritically you could write servlets to support your web-based applications.However ,JSP technology was designed to simplify the process of creating pages by separating web presentation from web content.In many applications ,the response sent to the client is a combination of template data and dynamically generated data.In this situation ,it is much easier to work with jsp than to do everything with servlets.
Jsp technology is the result of industry collaboration and is designed to be an open, industry-standard method supporting numerous servers, browsers and tols.jsp technology speeds development with reusable components and tags ,instead of relying heavily on scripting within the page itself. All jsp implementations support a java programming language based scripting language, which provides inherent scalability and support for complex operations.
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3.3 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS :
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VISITOR
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JAILER
3.4 UML DIAGRAMS
USECASE DIAGRAM: VISITOR LEVEL
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HIGH-LEVEL:
DESCRIPTION: This use-case diagram describes the registration process for the new visitors and the login process for the registered visitors. Once he logs in, if he is proved to be authenticated he can either put a request to visit a particular prisoner or he can view his visit details.
USECASE DIAGRAM: JAILER LEVEL
HIGH-LEVEL:
DESCRIPTION:
This use-case diagram describes that after the jailer logs in, he can access either of the modules and he can retrieve the prisoners personal details or case details or parole details or the education and training he is undergoing in the prison. He can also get the list of prisoners to be released on a day, the next day, the next week, the next month, or any given duration of time. He also has previleges to update the details of the prisoner.
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ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:VISITOR
DESCRIPTION:
This activity diagram describes the flow in which the activities occur. The visitor first registers and then logs in. Once he is proved to be authenticated he can either put a request to visit a particular prisoner or he can view his visit details through the visit register.
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ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:JAILER
DESCRIPTION:
This activity diagram describes the flow in which the activities of the jailer occur. First the jailer logs in and if he is valid.he is provided access to all of the modules mentioned above. He has previlege to update the details of the prisoner. Once he completes his work, he logs out.
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CLASS DIAGRAM: JAILER
DESCRIPTION:
CLASS NAME METHODS DESCRIPTION
Jailer 1. viewAll ()2. update ()3. newRegistration ()
1.This method enables us to view the details of all the prisoners.2. This method enables us to update the details of all the
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prisoners.3. This method enables a new jailer to get registered.
Nominal Role getNomDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the personal details of the prisoner.
Case Register getCaseDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the case details of the prisoner.
Parole Register getParoleDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the parole details of the prisoner.
Education getEduDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the education details he is undergoing in the prison.
Training getTrainyDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the training details.
In-Out Register1.getPrisonerWise()2.getVisitorWise()
This method enables us to retrieve the in-out details of both prisoners and visitors.
Automated Release Dairy
getReleaseDetails()
This method enables us to retrieve the list of prisoners who are going to be released on a given date.
`
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CLASS DIAGRAM: VISITOR
DESCRIPTION: CLASS NAME METHODS DESCRIPTION
egistration getRegistered()
This method enables the visitors to get registered.
Login validate()This method authenticates the visitor.
Visit Register 1.viewDetails()
2.submitRequest()
1.This method allows the visitor to view his visit details.2.This method allows the visitor to place a request to visit the prisoner.
USECASE DIAGRAM: VISITOR LEVEL
LOW-LEVEL:
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DESCRIPTION:
This use-case diagram describes that if a visitor is a new one, he gets registered and during registration he has to fill the details like visitor name, visitor Id, relation to the prisoner, his gender, his age, prisonerId of prisoner he wants to visit. Once he logs in, he has access to visit register in which he can place a request by entering prisonerId and visit time. He can also retrieve his visit details. He immediately gets the approval of his request from the jailer.
USECASE DIAGRAM: JAILER LEVEL
LOW-LEVEL DESCRIPTION:
Once the jailer logs in and proves to be valid,he has access to the following modules:
Nominal Roll: The details of the prisoner and his/her demographic details should be captured. A digital photo comprising different views of the prisoner and the list of articles surrendered by prisoner during nominal roll are to be recorded.
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Case register: All the details of the cases against the prisoner should be captured. This must include the sentence details, remand/conviction details, etc.
Automated release diary generator: This report should be display the list of prisoners to be released on a day, the next day, the next week, the next month, or any given duration of time. The system should consider the reduction of sentence length due to various considerations.
Parole register: This module should track all prisoners on parole and provide necessary reports on this data.
Education: This module consists of information about his present qualification ,the course he is undergoing and the duration of the course.
Training: This module consists of the information about the work he is assigned and the pay he is given for the work.
In-out register: An in-out register will track all prisoners and others who move in and out for various reasons.
Various status reports and demographical analysis reports are to be generated.
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SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:VISITOR
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NOMINAL_ROLE:
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FIELD-NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPRISONERNAME VARCHAR2(!0) NOT NULLGENDER VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLQUALIFICATION VARCHAR 2(10) NOT NULLPADDRESS VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULLARTICLES VARCHAR2(10) NOTNULLTYPE VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLENTRY_DATE DATE NOT NULLEXIT_DATE DATE NOT NULLHANGING_DATE DATE NOT NULLV1NAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLV2NAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLV3NAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLV4NAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLSTATUS VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULLIMAGE VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLV1PHOTO VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLV2PHOTO VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLV3PHOTO VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLV4PHOTO VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLS1 VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLS2 VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLS3 VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLS4 VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table is capable of storing the personal details of the prisoner like demographic details, digital photos comprising different views of the prisoner and the list of articles surrendered by the prisoner.
PAROLE_REG:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTPAROLEID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYPRISONERNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLREF_NAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
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REF_ADD VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULLEXIT_DATE DATE NOT NULLENTRY_DATE DATE NOT NULLLAST_VISITDATE DATE NOT NULLCASEID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEY
DESCRIPTION:
This table consists of the details of all the prisoners on parole and the name of the referee, his/her address and the duration of the parole.
CASE_REG:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTCASEID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYCTYPE VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYDESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION: This table consists of the details of the cases against the
prisoner and the type of the crime he did like murder, theft, forgery and counterfeiting.EDUCATION:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTEDU_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYCOURSE_ID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYPRISONERNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION: This table comprises of the education details like the
course he is undergoing.
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COURSE:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTCOURSE_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYCOURSENAME VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULLUNIVERSITY/SCHOOL VARCHAR2(50) NOTNULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table describes the various courses offered to the prisoners.
TRAINING:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTTRAINING_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYWORK_ID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYPRISONERNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table has all the training details being undertaken by the prisoners.
WORK:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTWORK_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYWORKNAME VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table consists of the different kinds of works the prisoners can do in the prison like weaving section, carpentry, paper unit, chemical section etc.
VISITOR:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINT
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VISITOR_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYPASSWORD VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLGENDER VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLAGE NUMBER NOT NULLPRISONERNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLVISITORNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLRELATION VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLADDRESS VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULLSECURITYQUES VARCHAR2(60) NOT NULLANSWER VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table contains the details of the visitor like his/her name, relation to the prisoner, address, age, gender ,the security question ans answer in case he forgets his password,etc.
VISITREGISTER:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTVISITOR_ID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYPRISONERID VARCHAR2(10) FOREIGN KEYVISITDATE DATE NOT NULLSTATUS VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION:
This table maintains the details of the visitor like the date on which he visited the prisoner with the Id, prisonerId and the status of his request to meet the prisoner (accept/reject) and the corresponding remarks.
STAFF1: FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTSTAFF_ID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYSTAFFNAME VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULLDESIGNATION VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULLIMAGE VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULLDOJ DATE NOT NULLADDRESS VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL
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DESCRIPTION:
This table maintains the details of the staff members like his/her name, their Id , designation ,his/her image ,date of joining(DOJ) etc.
LOGIN:
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE CONSTRAINTID VARCHAR2(10) PRIMARY KEYPASSWORD VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
DESCRIPTION: This table contains the login details of the staff like their ID
and password.
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Implementation is the process of having systems personnel check out and put new equipment into use, train users, install the new application depending on the size of the organization that will be involved in using the application and the risk associated with its use, systems developers may choose to test the operation in only one area of the firm, say in one department or with only one or two persons. Sometimes they will run the old and new systems together to compare the results. In still other situation, developers will stop using the old system one-day and begin using the new
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one the next. As we will see, each implementation strategy has its merits, depending on the business situation in which it is considered. Regardless of the implementation strategy used, developers strive to ensure that the system’s initial use in trouble-free.
Once installed, applications are often used for many years. However, both the organization and the users will change, and the environment will be different over weeks and months. Therefore, the application will undoubtedly have to be maintained; modifications and changes will be made to the software, files, or procedures to meet emerging user requirements. Since organization systems and the business environment undergo continual change, the information systems should keep pace. In this sense, implementation is ongoing process.
Evaluation of the system is performed to identify its strengths and weakness. The actual evaluation can occur along any of the following dimensions.
Operational Evaluation: assessment of the manner in which the system functions, including ease of use, response time, suitability of information formats, overall reliability, and level of utilization.
Organization Impact: Identification and measurement of benefits to the organization in such areas as financial concerns operational efficiency, and competitive impact. Includes impact on internal and external information flows.
User Manager Assessment: Evaluation of the attitudes of senior and user mangers within the organization, as well as end-users.
Development Performance: Evaluation of the development process in accordance with such yardsticks as overall development time and effort, conformance to budgets and standards, and other project management criteria. Includes assessment of development methods and tools.
Unfortunately system evaluation does not always receive the attention it merits. Where properly managed however, it provides a great deal of information that can improve the effectiveness of subsequent application efforts.
System Implementation is used to bring a developed system or sub system into operational use and turning it over to the user. It involves programmer, users and operational
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management. It also needs to introduce and train the people to work with the new system.
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System testing is the stage of implementation that is aimed at ensuring that the system works accurately and efficiently for live operation commences. Testing is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that if all the parts of the system are correct, then goal will be successfully achieved. A series of testing is done for the proposed system before the system is ready for the user acceptance testing.The steps involved in Testing are:
Unit Testing:
Unit testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of the software design, the module. This is also known as “Module Testing”. The modules are tested separately. This testing carried out during programming stage itself. In this testing each module is found to be working
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satisfactorily as regards to the expected output from the module.
Integration Testing:
Data can be grossed across an interface; one module can have adverse efforts on another. Integration testing is systematic testing for construction the program structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with in the interface. The objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program structure. All the modules are combined and tested as a whole. Here correction is difficult because the isolation of cause is complicate by the vast expense of the entire program. Thus in the integration testing stop, all the errors uncovered are corrected for the text testing steps.
Validation Testing :
At the conclusion of integration testing software is completely assembled as a package, interfacing errors have been uncovered and corrected and a final series of software tests begins, validation test begins. Validation test can be defined in many ways. But the simple definition is that validation succeeds when the software function in a manner that can reasonably expected by the customer. After validation test has been conducted one of two possible conditions exists.
One is the function or performance characteristics confirm to specifications and are accepted and the other is deviation from specification is uncovered and a deficiency list is created. Proposed system under consideration has been tested by using validation testing and found to be working satisfactorily.
Output Testing:
After performing validation testing, the next step is output testing of the proposed system since no system could be useful if it does not produce the required output in the specified format. Asking the users about the format required by them tests the outputs generated by the system under consideration. Here the output format is considered in two
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ways, one is on the screen and other is the printed format. The output format on the screen is found to be correct as the format was designed in the system designed phase according to the user needs. For the hard copy also the output comes as the specified requirements by the users. Hence output testing does not result any corrections in the system.
User Acceptance Testing:
User acceptance of a system is the key factor of the success of any system. The system under study is tested for the user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with the prospective system users at the time of developing and making changes wherever required.
Test Data:
Taking various kinds of test data does the above testing. Preparation of test data plays a vital role in the system testing after preparing the test data the system under study is tested using the test data. While testing the system by using the test data errors are again uncovered and corrected by using above testing steps and corrections are also noted from the future use.
Testing: The testing done here was System Testing–checking
whether the user requirements were satisfied. The code for the new system has been written completely using JSP as the coding language, HTML as the interface for front-end designing and Java Script for validating the client-side applications. The new system has been tested well with the help of the users and all the applications have been verified from every nook and corner of the user.
Although some applications were found to be erroneous these applications have been corrected before being implemented. The flow of the forms has been found to be very much in accordance with the actual flow of data.
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ABOUT US:
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HISTORY:
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INFRASTRUCTURE:
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JAILER OUTPUT SCREENSJ.AILER LOGIN FORM:
This form enables the jailer to login into their account.
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NEW PRISONER WINDOW:
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This is the window that appears when the jailer clicks prisoner details.
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IMAGES:
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The “PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM “ has been successfully completed . The goal of the system is achieved and problems are solved . The package is developed in a manner that it is user friendly and required help is provided at different levels.
The project can be easily used in the process of decision making.Different types of reports can be generated which help the departments work standards as well as the economical state of the department.
This system never decreases the manpower but helps the development of available manpower and optimizes the manpower by which deparment’s standards and capabilities can be scaled to higher dimensions.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Inmate tracking:
Modern prison designs, particularly those of high-security prisons, have sought to increasingly restrict and control the movement of prisoners throughout the facility while minimizing the corrections staffing needed to monitor and control the population.Inmates will wear "wristwatch-sized" transmitters that can detect if prisoners have been trying to remove them and send an alert to prison computers.Staff will also wear the technology on their belts so they can be tracked for security purposes. Warders can activate an alarm themselves but the alert will also be sent if the transmitter is forcibly removed or the warder is knocked down.
This system can pinpoint the location of staff and prisoners in real-time and track them within the confines of a prison.In an effort to monitor large groups and/or individuals in correctional facIlties, their surroundings, or in set open environments,jail will use the AMS-2000i wireless inmate tracking system.
The system enables real-time restricted zones administration and supports correctional facilities' operations by tightening supervision of inmates and enhancing the security of staff members.
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The system allows for the flexible implementation of various types of in-house and off premises work or rehabilitation programs and can interface with other facility security and communication systems, including alarms, CCTV cameras, door-locks and more, as needed.
Included in the arrangement are tamper-proof, ankle or wrist worn RF (radio frequency) transmitters for inmates, officers and staff, officer and staff pagers, a network of wireless monitoring units, and a user software interface.
The information derived from the network of monitoring units allows facility management to receive imperative location information on inmates and staff, providing it with enhanced control over facility operations.
The system enables the user to configure the facility inner and outer grounds to include restricted areas and monitor them according to inmate's schedules. The new system will be configured to monitor a few hundred inmates, who will wear Elmo-Tech's transmitters, monitored by a wireless network of smart control units distributed throughout the facility.
Biometric in prisons:
Guards in Jail can tell which inmates should be released just by the look in their eyes. the jail can use a high-tech system that scans people's retinas to determine their identity.
Biometric technologies use body parts or behaviors, from voice prints to hand geometry, to identify individuals. In use for over a decade at top-security government institutions, biometrics are spilling rapidly into other markets, driven by falling prices and growing public acceptance.
Thousands of locations, from day care centers to health clubs to sperm banks, already monitor people's fingerprints, retinas, or other personal parts to make sure they are who they claim to be.
This swelling industry is finding a natural market in India's booming jails and prisons. The number of people behind bars has almost quadrupled since 1980, and continues to rise. All of those inmates, as well as the guards who watch them and the loved ones who visit them, have to be monitored to ensure that only the right ones go in -- and out.
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Biometrics, more convenient to use and much harder to fool than systems based on identity cards or photos, seem tailor-made for a market that is based on controlling people's movements.
"Fingerprints started out strictly as a criminal thing, then they moved into welfare, and now they're used in banks and all kinds of places,". "Technology used for law enforcement purposes has a way of suddenly becoming used for all kinds of things."
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following books were refferd during the analysis and execution phase of the project
SOFTWARE ENGINEERINGBy Roger.S. Pressman
CORE JSPBy Damon Hougland
SQL FOR PROFESSIONALSBy Jain
COMPLETE HTMLSteven Holzner
UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE By Grady Booch,Ranbaugh,Jacobson JAVA 2 COMPLETE REFERENCE By Patrick Naughton , Herbertschildt
WEB SITES VISITED
www.w3shools.comwww.academictutorials.comwww.java.sun.comwww.mysql.comwww.javasoft.comwww.coreservlets.com
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VISIT REQUEST :import javax.servlet.*;import java.io.*;import javax.servlet.http.*;
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import java.util.*;import java.util.Calendar;import java.text.*;import java.sql.*;import java.lang.*;
public class visitrequest1 extends HttpServlet{ Connection conn=null Statement stmt=null ResultSet rs=null; ResultSet rs1=null; ResultSet rs2=null; ResultSet rs3=null; Public void doPost(HttpServletRequestreq,HttpServle
tResponse res) throws
IOException,ServletException
{
res.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter =res.getWriter(); Try {
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver").newInstance();conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:satyam1","scott", "tiger"); stmt=conn.createStatement(); RequestDispatcher rd; java.util.Date dt=new java.util.Date() String s2=req.getParameter("t2"); java.util.Date dd=new java.util.Date(); DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") Format form = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yyyy") DateFormat ft = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yyyy");
pw.println("<br>"+s2+"<br>"+form.format(dt)+"<br>"+ft.parse(s2)+"<br>"+dt+"<br>"+(ft.parse(s2)).after(ft.parse(form.format(dt)))+"<br>"+dt.before(ft.parse(s2))+"<br>"+dt.after(ft.parse(s2))); HttpSession ses=req.getSession int p=0; ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select prisonerId from visitor where visitor_Id='"+ses.getAttribute("vid")+"'"); pw.println(ses.getAttribute("vid")) rs.next(); String pid=rs.getString(1); ResultSet rs1=stmt.executeQuery("select status from nominal_role where prisonerId='"+pid+"'"); pw.println("select status from nominal_role where prisonerId='"+pid+"'");
rs1.next(); if((rs1.getString(1)).equals("Nr")) { ResultSet rs2=stmt.executeQuery("select exit_date from nominal_role where prisonerId='"+pid+"'");
rs2.next();
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String exit=rs2.getString(1); String ex; if( !(exit==null)) { dd = (java.util.Date)formatter.parse(exit); ex=form.format(dd); }
pw.println("<br>"+ft.parse(s2)+"<br>"+ft.parse(form.format(dt))+"<br>"+(ft.parse(s2)).after(ft.parse(form.format(dd)))); if((ft.parse(s2)).after(ft.parse(form.format(dt))))
{ if((ft.parse(s2)).before(ft.parse(form.format(dd))))
//comparision of dates {
ResultSet rs3=stmt.executeQuery("select visitor_Id from visit_reg where visitdate='"+s2+"' and prisonerId='"+ses.getAttribute("pid")+"'"); pw.println("HELLO"); while(rs3.next())
{
pw.println("HELLO");
p=1;
String status="reject";
rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("reject.htm");
rd.forward(req,res);
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into visit_reg values('"+ses.getAttribute("vid")+"','"+ses.getAttribute("pid")+"','"+s2+"','"+status+"')"); } if(p!=1)
{
String status="accept";
rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("accept.htm");
rd.forward(req,res);
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into visit_reg values('"+ses.getAttribute("vid")+"','"+ses.getAttribute("pid")+"','"+s2+"','"+status+"')");
pw.close(); }
} Else
{ rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("release.html"); rd.forward(req,res); }
} else
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{ rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("previous.htm"); rd.forward(req,res); }
else {
rd=req.getRequestDispatcher("noprisoner.htm"); rd.forward(req,res);
} } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
pw.println("exception"+e); } catch(SQLException e)
{ pw.println("exception"+e);
} catch(Exception e) { pw.println("can't load driver"+e.getMessage());
}
}}
VISITOR REGISTRATION:<html><head><title>prison</title><script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript">function validation(){ var l=f1.t3.value.length; if(f1.t1.value==""||f1.t2.value==""||f1.t3.value==""||f1.t4.value==""|| f1.t5.value==""||f1.t6.value==""||f1.t7.value==""||f1.t8.value==""|| f1.t9.value==""||f1.t10.value==""||f1.t11.value=="") { alert("FILL ALL THE REGISTRATION DETAILS"); return false; } else if(f1.t3.value!=f1.t4.value) { alert("RETYPE PASSWORD CORRECTLY"); f1.t4.value=""; f1.t3.value=""; return false; } else if(l<6 ) { alert("PASSWORD SHOULD CONTAIN MINIMUM OF 6 CHARACTERS"); f1.t3.value=""; f1.t4.value=""; return false; }
}</script>
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</head><body background="background.jpg" onLoad="MM_preloadImages('history2.gif','infra2.gif','reformation2.gif','factory2.gif','contact2.gif','aboutus2.gif')"><table width="158" border="0"> <tr> <td width="180" height="175"><img src="logo.gif" width="150" height="180"></td> </tr></table><table style="position:absolute; left:; left: 855px; top: 26px; height: 21px; width: 60px;"43px";top:"21px";width="200" border="0"> <tr> <td><strong><font color="#0000FF" size="2">[</font><a href="HOME.htm"><strong><font size="2"> HOME </font></strong></a><strong><font color="#0000CC" size="2">] </font></strong></strong></td> </tr></table><table style="position:absolute;left:189px; top:48px; width: 804px; height:105px;" " width="200" border="0"> <tr> <td ><p class="style3">PRISON MANAGEMENT SYSTEM </p></td> </tr></table><table style="position:absolute; left:; left: 614px; top: 598px; height: 37px; width: 58px;"43px";top:"21px";width="200" border="0"><form action="/sindhu/REGISTRATION.htm" method="post"> <p align="center"> <input type=submit value="RESET" name="RESET"> </p></p></form></table>
<form name=f1 onSubmit=" return validation()" action="/sindhu/registerupdate2" method="post"> <table style="position:absolute;left:333px; top:257px"> <tr> <td><b>VISITOR-ID::</b> <td> <input name="t2" type=text> </tr> <tr> <td><b> VISITOR-NAME::</b> <td> <input name="t1" type=text> </tr>
<tr> <td><b>PASSWORD::</b> <td> <input name="t3" type=password > </tr> <tr> <td><b>RETYPE PASSWORD::</b> <td> <input name="t4" type=password> </tr> <tr> <td><b>GENDER::</b>
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<td> <select name="t5" > <option value=" ">[select ]</option>
<option value="male">male</option> <option value="female">female</option> </select> </tr> <tr> <td><b>SECURITY QUESTION::</b> <td> <select name="t6">
<option value=" ">[select a question]</option> <option value="what is middle name of your father?
">what is middle name of your father?</option> <option value="what is your favorite
pasttime?">what is your favorite pasttime?</option> </select> </tr> <tr> <td><b>ANSWER::</b> <td> <input name="t11" type=text> </tr> <tr> <td><b>PRISONER NAME::</b> <td> <input name="t7" type=text> </tr> <tr> <td><b>PRISONER-ID::</b> <td> <input name="t8" type=text> </tr> <tr> <td><b>RELATION WITH PRISONER::</b> <td> <input name="t9" type=text>
<tr> <td><b>ADDRESS::</b> <td> <textarea name="t10" cols=15 rows=2 ></textarea> </tr> <tr> <td><b>SECURITY CODE::</b> <td> <input name="t12" type=text> </tr></table><table style="position:absolute; left:394px; top:198px; height: 56px; width: 271px;"width="200" border="0"> <tr> <td><span class="style6">REGISTRATION FORM </span></td> </tr></table>
<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
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<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center"> <br><input type=submit value="SUBMIT" name="submit"></form> <p align="center"> </p>
<!-- -->
<table style="position:absolute; left:767px; top:7px; width: 226px; height: 20px;"> <tr> <td> <p><strong><font color="#0000CC" size="2">[</font></strong> <a href="vchange.htm"><strong><font size="2">CHANGE PASSWORD</font></strong></a> | <a href="logout27.jsp"><strong><font size="2">LOG OUT</font></strong></a><strong><font size="2"> </font></strong><font color="#0000FF" size="2"><strong>]</strong></font></p> </td> </tr></table>
</body></html>
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