principles of physics - foederer. all energy in existence is already here. it cannot be created or...

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Conservation of Energy and Work Principles of Physics - Foederer

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Page 1: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

Conservation of Energy and Work

Principles of Physics - Foederer

Page 2: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, Etotal before transfer = Etotal after transfer

Conservation of Energy

Page 3: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

A 0.100kg egg is dropped from the top of the bleachers which are 5.5 m high. How fast was it travelling when it hit the ground if there was no air resistance?

Example

PE→KE

Since energy is conserved, PEtop = KEbottom

mgh =1/2 mv2

(0.100 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(5.5 m) = 1/2 (0.100 kg)v2

v = 10.4 m/s

Page 4: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

How does energy change form or enter/leave a system?

Work is done on an object or by an object

Work = change in energy a force is applied to the object to change its motion or

condition

W = Fd W = work (J)

F = force (N)d = distance (m)

Work

**This force could be applied, friction, gravitational, etc. for the distance that it is causing the change

Page 5: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

Open system – energy can be transferred out of the system to another system.

Example A box slides down an incline. Its PE

changes to KE◦ There is less KE at the bottom of the incline than

there was PE at the top◦ Energy was lost as heat from friction as the box

slid

Energy is conserved

Page 6: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

A car with mass 200 kg has a motor that supplies a force of 950 N. The car travels a distance of 6.3 m when the motor is turned on. During the 6.3 m distance 5, 557 J of work is done on the car by friction. What is the velocity of the car after travelling 6.3 m?

Example (Open system)

W→KE

Since energy is lost because of friction, Wmotor - Wfriction = KE

Fd – Wfriction=1/2 mv2

(950N)(6.3 m) – 5557 J= 1/2 (200 kg)v2

v = 2.1 m/s

Page 7: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

Closed system – all energy stays within the system

Example The box slides down an incline with no

friction. Its entire PE changes to KE.

Energy is conserved

Page 8: Principles of Physics - Foederer. All energy in existence is already here. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred among systems. So, E total

Work is done on system to raise bob to position A (W = Etotal)◦ Work is relative to its height at equilibrium (C)

As pendulum is being raised, work energy is changing to PE

When at position A all work is now PE (Etotal = PE)

As pendulum swings from its initial position A and back again, PE changes to KE and back

Etotal = PEA = PEB + KEB= KEC= PED + KED= PEE

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