A basic RFID system consists of three components:

An antenna or coil

A transceiver (with decoder)

A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed

with unique information

There are two type of RFID tag:

1. Active RFID Tag –

Their own power source.

reader can be much farther away and still get the signal.

limited life spans.

2. Passive RFID Tag –

Do not require power source.

Smaller in size.

Unlimited life span.

Internal Structure of Tag

Data stored in a tag

Tag contains a 96-bit string of data1. 8 bits-Version of the protocol

2. 28 bits- Name organization that manages the data for this

tag

3. 24 bits-Object class, identifying the kind of product

4. 36 bits-Unique serial number for a particular tag

1.Barcode readers require a direct line of sight to the printed barcode. 2.The range to read a barcode is much less, typically no more than fifteen feet. 3.Not more expensive . 4.Barcodes have no read/write capability information can not added in barcode.

1.Do not require a direct line of sight . 2.RFID tags can be read at much greater distances up to 300 feet. 3.RFID tags are typically more expensive 4.RFID tags, can be read/write information can be added

Barcode RFID

Band Range Data speed Remarks

120-150 kHz (LF)

10 cm

Low Animal

identification,

factory data

collectionW

13.56 MHz (HF) 1 m Low to Moderate Smart cards

433 MHZ (UHF) 1-100 m Moderate Defence

applications,

with active tags

868-870 MHz 1-2 m Moderate to

High

EAN, various

standards

2450 MHz-5800

MHz

1-2 m High Bluetooth

standards

3.1 Ghz-10 GHz

(microwave)

to 200 M High requires semi-

active or active

tags

Access control

Manufacturing

Libraries

Identification

Security access control

Airport baggage

Global standardization

Security concerns

Exploitation

shielding

Temperature exposure`

Main advantage is their low price and the usually

employed offline preaggregation of data to the class

level.

Optical RFID operates in the electromagnetic

spectrum

Optical RFID provides much more protection

against than RFID

RFID technology does not require line-of-sight

reading.

RFID tags can hold more data than bar codes.

RFID tag data can be changed or added to as a tag

passes through specific operations

RFID tags are more effective in harsh environments

A large number of RFID tags can be read almost

instantaneously

RFIDs are easy to conceal or incorporate in other

items. For example, in 2009 researchers at Bristol

University successfully glued RFID micro-

transponders to live ants in order to study their

behavior.

Hitachi holds the record for the smallest RFID chip,

at 0.05mm × 0.05mm. This is 1/64th the size of the

previous record holder.Manufacture is enabled by

using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. These

dust-sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-

bit (ROM).

100,000 times the indoor receiver sensitivity of previous RFID

solutions

20 times the read range of conventional passive RFID readers

100 times greater coverage than conventional systems

Verification of 100 percent of tags on RF-challenged goods

Non line-of-sight read capability

One multi-purpose system to read, locate and secure RFID tag

data.