Class Presentation Of Remote Sensing

Topic:

Precipitation

Presented By:Saurabh Lal Karn (67108)

Sujal Shrestha (67121)

Date : 7th Jun 2014

What is Remote Sensing?• Remote sensing is the examination

or the gathering of information about a place from a distance.

• This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing and applying that information.

• Also such examination can occur with devices (e.g. - cameras) based on the ground, and/or sensors or cameras based on ships, aircraft, satellites, or other spacecraft.

A Brief History of remote sensing• Modern remote sensing began in

1858 when Gaspard-Felix Tournachon first took aerial photographs of Paris from a hot air balloon.

• Remote sensing continued to grow from there; one of the first planned uses of remote sensing occurred during the U.S. Civil War when messenger pigeons, kites, and unmanned balloons were flown over enemy territory with cameras attached to them.

Precipitation

What is precipitation?

• All types of moisture reaching the surface of earth from atmosphere

• Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity

• It is also the basic input to the hydrology Factors determining

precipitation or the amount of a region

Climate Geography

Ocean surfaces is the chief source of moisture for precipitation

INTRODUCTION

Forms of Precipitation

Rain Rain is the most common type of precipitation in our atmosphere. Rain is when liquid droplets fall to the surface of the Earth. There are two different forms of rain, either in the form of • Showers • Drizzles

SnowSnow forms when water vapor turns directly into ice without ever passing through a liquid state. This happens as water condenses around an ice crystal.

HailHail is created when moisture and wind are together. Inside the cumulonimbus clouds ice crystals form, and begin to fall towards the surface of Earth. When this starts to happen wind gusts start to pick up the ice crystals pushing them up high into the clouds.

FogThere is really no different between fog and the clouds that are high in the sky. In simple terms fog is; a cloud that has formed near the surface of the Earth.

DewThe small drops of water which can be found on cool surfaces like grass in the morning. This is the result of atmospheric vapor condensing on the surface in the colder night air.

MistMist is a bunch of small droplets of water which are in the air. This occurs with cold air when it is above a warm surface, for example water.

GlazeGlaze is the ice coating, generally clear and smooth, formed on exposed surfaces by the freezing of super cooled water deposited by rain or drizzle.

Formation Of Precipitation

1. Lifting mechanism to cool the air2. Formation of cloud

elements(Droplets/Ice crystals)3. Growth of cloud elements4. Sufficient accumulation of cloud

elements

Measurement Of Precipitation

1. Amount of precipitation

2. Intensity of precipitation

3. Duration of precipitation

4. Arial extent of precipitation

Measuring Methods Of Precipitation

Measurement of precipitation (Rain and Snow) can be done by various devices. These measuring devices and techniques are:

1. Rain Gauges

2. Snow Gauges

3. Radars

4. Satellites

5. Scratching of snow packs

6. Water equivalent in snow packs

METHODOLOGY

1. Rain Gauges: Rain gages are most commonly used for the measurement of precipitation, both in terms of rain fall and snow.

2. Snow Gauges: A snow gauge is a type of instrument used to measure the solid form of precipitation.

3. Radar: A weather radar is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc.), and forecast its future position and intensity. Weather radars are mostly Doppler radars, capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition to intensity of the precipitation.

4. Satellite Measurement: A weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. These meteorological satellites, however, see more than clouds and cloud systems, like other types of environmental information collected using weather satellites.

Interpretation Of Precipitation DataEstimating missing precipitation data at a station

Checking inconsistency in particular data at a station

Averaging precipitation over an area

Causes/Outcomes Of More Extreme Precipitation

Flooding

Landslides

Consequences for human health

Consequences for wildlife

Extreme Weather

Effect on agriculture

OUTCOMES

Thank You