Implementing the WASH related targets through Capacity Development and Social instruments

and the role of different stakeholders

By Jose Gesti Canuto – UNICEF WASH SpecialistZaragoza, January 2015

OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

• Implementation baseline for WASH: Where are we now?• What is already working? – existing tools and social instruments• The role of different stakeholders

Implementation baseline for WASH: Where are we now?

USE OF IMPROVED DRINKING WATER

Sub-Saharan Africa faces the greatest challenge in increasing the use of improved drinking-water.

Proportion of population using improved drinking water sources in 2012

Source: WHO/UNICEF, 2014

Progress towards the achievement of the water MDG target in 2012

USE OF IMPROVED SANITATION

There are 46 countries where less than half the population has access to an improved sanitation facility

Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation in 2012

Source: WHO/UNICEF, 2014

Progress towards the achievement of the sanitation MDG target in 2012

DIFFERENT INEQUALITIES IN ACCESS

Source: WHO/UNICEF, 2011

Use of improved drinking water sources is significantly lower in rural areas of Africa

Urban

Total

Rural

Less than 50%

50% - 75%

76% - 90%

91% - 100%

No or insufficient data

IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS

To improve access and reduce inequalities beyond 2015:

1. Secure, absorb and target sustained international and national financing;

2. Expand efforts in neglected rural areas where the need for improved services is greatest.

3. Support sustainability, including the operation and maintenance of existing infrastructure and services;

4. Renew focus on WASH beyond households

5. Strengthen action in the crucial area of hygiene promotion;

What is already working – existing tools and social instruments

IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

• The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation entitle everyone to safe, sufficient, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water and sanitation services

• The handbook on realising the HRTWS gives States clear guidance on how to do that

INCREASE BUDGET ALLOCATIONS

Sanitation and Water for All Partnership

• Increase sector coordination

• Visibility for the WASH Sector and its resources

• Capacity building for stronger systems and institutions: better targeting of resources

SUSTAINABILITY OF SERVICES

Sustainability Pathway

Bottleneck Analysis with use of WASH BA Tool and other

existing tools

Sustainability Compact (Agreement

Government and Sector Partners)

Implementation of commitments

Sustainability checks of compacts and

sustainability

BUILDING CAPACITY: SUPPLY & SERVICES

• Provides a basis for the realization of economical and sustainable access to safe water through 9 principles

• Governments use the principles to assess current practices and develop their own standards around, constructions, contract management, supervision, etc.

Cost-efficient water supply interventions

BUILDING CAPACITY: SUPPLY & SERVICES

Access in remote areas

• Manual drilling is ideally suited to small, remote rural communities where other options are simply not economically feasible;

• Is 4-10 times less expensive than machine drilling in Africa;

• Guidance on how to assess the market and capacitate local entrepreneurs

BUILDING CAPACITY: CREATING DEMAND

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) to end open defecation

BUILDING CAPACITY: SUPPLY & SERVICES

Sanitation Marketing to sustain sanitation services

• Reinforces demand

• Help to local businesses to expand the supply

• challenges to reach remote areas and the poorest households;

BUILDING CAPACITY: CREATING DEMAND

Water Safety Management

FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE DRINKING WATER

Public health context and health outcome

Water Safety Plans

Surveillance

System assessment

MonitoringManagement and

communication

Health-based targets

BUILDING CAPACITY: CREATING DEMAND

Hygiene practices – handwashing and menstrual hygiene

• Sustaining and monitoring hygiene behavior change is complex and an ongoing challenge

• Emerging lessons on habit formation from other sectors (e.g. weight loss) is informing development of more comprehensive approaches

WASH IN INSTITUTIONS

WASH in Schools + WASH in Health Centers

Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care

CLIMATE CHANGE AND RESILIENCE

WASH AND CLIMATE RESILIENT

DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

The role of different stakeholders

ROLES BY STAKEHOLDERS

• Governments: Driving seat, will continue protecting public interest and regulating business: Policy development + Regulation + Facilitation

• Business: new role emphasizing respect for human rights and embracing corporate social and environmental responsibility

• Civil Society: powerful role in the post 2015 process as an enabler and constructive challenger, creating the political and social space for collaborations

• Academia: crucial role as a driver of technological innovation and to achieve evidence-based policy-making particularly for topics related to sustainable development.