presentation for chapter 2 the brain
TRANSCRIPT
The Human BrainThe “heart” of the Nervous System
By Michal Peters
The Brain
“The brain is center of the nervous system in all vertebrae and most invertebrate animals. In vertebrates, the brain is located in head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell.”
Wikipedia , The free Encyclopedia
Six Main Regions of the Brain
Telencephalon – cerebral hemispheres; the largest of the divisions of the human brain, and it is what subserves language
Diencephalon – thalamus and hypothalamus functions as a relay system between sensory input neurons and other parts of the brain, as an interactive site for the central nervous and endocrine systems;
Mesencephalon – midbrain; contains nuclei for certain auditory and visual reflexes
Cerebellum -modulates the outputs of other brain systems to make them more precise
Pons –relays signals from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and deals primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture
Medulla Oblongata –controls a number of autonomic functions, including respiration and blood pressure
Did you know? The brain produces electrical signals which together with chemical
reactions allows the parts of the body to communicate. Nerves sends these signals throughout the body.
The average brain weighs about 3 lbs. At birth the human brain weighs less than a pound. As a child grows, the number of cells remain relatively stable, however the cells grow in size and the number of connections increase. The human brain reaches its full size at approximately 6 years of
age.
The brain is only 2% of the body's weight, however, it uses 20% of the oxygen supply and gets 20% of the blood flow. Blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) supply the brain with oxygen and nourishment, and take away wastes. If brain cells do not get oxygen for 3 to 5 minutes, they begin to die.
The Nervous System
The nervous system controls our lives and all of our
body functions. Every action and every response to
anything is coordinated by the nervous system, be it
physical, mental or emotional.
Parts of the Nervous System The Central Nervous System – consists of the brain and
the spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System – consists of all the neural tissue that lies outside the central nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System – mainly deals with involuntary responses; it can sometimes act independently from the brain without receiving information from it.
The Sympathetic Division (fight or flight) The Parasympathetic Division (time to rest)
Maintaining a Healthy Brain
Exercise Regularly Get adequate sleep Eat a balanced diet Keep your mind exercised Stay socially engaged Manage Stress Get regular medical check-ups Do not drink or smoke in excess Do not use illegal drugs