deep brain stimulation presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Deep Brain Stimulation
Presented by:
Debasish Mondal
4th year BME,NSEC4/7/2017 1Deep Brain Stimulation
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION• DISEASES TREATED USING DBS• COMPONENTS• PLACEMENT OF THE COMPONENTS• METHODOLOGY OF SURGERY• LIMITATIONS OF DBS SURGERY• RISK OF DBS SURGERY• FUTURE SCOPE AND ENHANCEMENT• CONCLUSIONS• MANUFACTURING COMPANIES• REFERENCES
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What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
• Deep Brain Stimulation(DBS) is a surgical treatment which implants a medical device called a Brain Pacemaker.
• DBS sends electrical impulse to specific parts of the brain which need to be stimulated
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Illnesses Treated
DBS in selected brain regions has provided effective benefits for the diseases such as,
(i) Parkinson’s Disease
(ii) Chronic pain
(iii) Tremor
(iv) Dystonia
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Target sites of Brain
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Components of DBS
The pacemaker consist of
• Electrodes
• Lead wire
• Pulse generator
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Methodology of Surgery
• Step 1:Attachment of stereotactic frame.
• Step 2: Take MRI or CT scan
• Step 3: Skin and Skull incision
• Step 4: Insert electrode in the brain
• Step 5. Stimulate the brain cells
• Step 6: Closure
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Fig-I Fig-II
Fig-III Fig-IV
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Limitations of DBS surgery
• It is expensive
• The selection of patients. DBS is not used in the following patients,
Patients with a previous Surgical Ablation procedure
Patients who are pregnant
Patients under the age of 18 and above
the age of 75.
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Risks
Risks associated with surgery• Intracranial Bleeds (12%)• Seizures (3%)• Headaches (25%)• Infection (6%)
Device complications• Probe replacement (9%)• Wire replacement (6%)• Repositioning of the probe (8%)• Replacement of pulse generator (17%)• Risk of Death < 1%
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Benefits
• Reduce their medications , thus minimizing the side effects of drugs.
• Electrical impulses can be adjusted.
• Both cardiac pacemaker and brain pacemaker can be used simultaneously by the same person.
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Future scope and Enhancement
• Focuses on,
The device which automatically senses the need for increased voltage.
Improving longevity.
Reduction in size.
Reduction in cost.
Low risk.
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Manufacturing companies
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Conclusions
• Advances in the neurosciences will continue to drive the applications of DBS.
• Finally, innovations in biomedical engineering and technology will continue to be applied to DBS.
• The ideal platform for the development of these innovations is the active collaboration between basic scientists, engineers and clinicians.
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References
• http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813942_3
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175861
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia
• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2016.00173/full
• http://alliancebiomedica.com/index.php?route=product
• BOOK: Clinical Physiology By U K Mishra & J Kalita
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