presentation - day 01

8/6/2019 Presentation - Day 01

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M. GuymonPleasant Grove High

Spring 2003

Types of Computers &

Computer Hardware

Computer Technology

Day 1


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M. GuymonPleasant Grove High School

Spring 2003

Basic Terminology

Computer

A device that accepts input,processes data, stores data,and produces output, allaccording to a series of

stored instructions.

Hardware

Includes the electronic andmechanical devices thatprocess the data; refers to

the computer as well asperipheral devices.

Software

A computer program thattells the computer how toperform particular tasks.

Network

Two or more computers andother devices that areconnected, for the purposeof sharing data andprograms.

Peripheral devices

Used to expand thecomputers input, output andstorage capabilities.


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Basic Terminology

Input Whatever is put into a computer system.

Data Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.

Information

The results of the computer storing data as bits and bytes; the words,numbers, sounds, and graphics.

Output Consists of the processing results produced by a computer.

Processing Manipulation of the data in many ways.

Memory Area of the computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be

processed, stored, or output.

Storage Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent basis when it is

not immediately needed for processing.


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Types of Computers


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Microcomputer

A personal computer;

designed to meet the

computer needs of an

individual. Provides access to a

wide variety of

computing applications,

such as word

processing, photoediting, e-mail, and

internet.


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Spring 2003

Desktop Microcomputer

A microcomputer thatfits on a desk and runson power from anelectrical wall outlet.

The CPU can behoused in either avertical or a horizontalcase.

Has separatecomponents (keyboard,mouse, etc.) that areeach plugged into thecomputer.


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Laptop Computer

A portable, compactcomputer that can runon an electrical walloutlet or a battery unit.

All components(keyboard, mouse, etc.)are in one compact unit.

Usually more expensivethan a comparabledesktop.

Sometimes called aNotebook.


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Workstation

Powerful desktop computer designed for

specialized tasks.

Can tackle tasks that require a lot of

processing speed.

Can also be an ordinary personal computer

attached to a LAN (local area network).


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Supercomputer

A computer that was the fastest in the world

at the time it was constructed.

Can tackle tasks that would not be practical

for other computers.

Typical uses

Breaking codes

Modeling weather systems


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Mainframe

Large expensivecomputer capable ofsimultaneouslyprocessing data for

hundreds or thousandsof users.

Used to store, manage,and process largeamounts of data that

need to be reliable,secure, and centralized.

Usually housed in acloset sized cabinet.


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Server

Purpose is to serve.

A computer that has the

purpose of supplying its

users with data; usuallythrough the use of a

LAN (local area

network).


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Handheld

Also called a PDA (Personal

Digital Assistant).

A computer that fits into a

pocket, runs on batteries,

and is used while holding theunit in your hand.

Typically used as an

appointment book, address

book, calculator, and

notepad. Can be synchronized with a

personal microcomputer as a

backup.


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Computer Hardware


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System unit

Case that holds the power supply, storage devices,

and the circuit boards (including the motherboard).


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CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Where the processing in a computer takes place,

often called the brain of the computer.


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Input Devices

Units that gather information and transform

that information it into a series of electronic

signals for the computer.


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Keyboard

An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special

function keys that act as the primary input device to

the computer.


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Mouse

An input device that allows the user to manipulate

objects on the screen by moving the device along the

surface of a desk.


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Sound Card

A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to

accept audio input, play sound files, and produce

audio output through speakers or headphones.


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Modem

A device that sends and receives data to and from

computers over telephone lines.


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Output Devices

Devices that display, print, or transmit the

results of processing from the computers

memory.


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Storage Devices

Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off.

Different forms

Hard disk

Floppy or zip disks

CD-Writer


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Printer

Output device that produces text or graphical images

on paper.


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Speakers

Output devices that receive signals from thecomputers sound card to play music, narration, or

sound effects.


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Resource

Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer

Concepts. Boston: Course Technology -

Thompson Learning, 2002.

presentation - day 01

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