CUBISM

G R O U P D P

R E S E N T A T I ON

CUBISM INTRODUCTION• Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles

of the 20th century.• Movement dates back to 1907• It is generally accepted that Picasso and Braque were

the founders of the movement • Heavily influenced by Cezanne a post impressionist

painter. • Cubist painter rejected the inherited notion that art

should mimic nature and traditional techniques of perspective. Instead they tried to approximate the 4th dimension by using multiple viewpoints in one painting.

• Cubism can be split into 2 categories: Analytic and Synthetic.

Pablo Picasso – Factory, Horta de Ebbo, 1909 (oil on Canvas

Little,S., (2004)Rewald, S., (2004

ANALYTIC CUBISM Analytic Cubism was developed only by Picasso and Braque during the winter of 1909-10, it last until the middle of 1912, when collage simplified versions of the “ analytic” forms.

Picasso and Braque invented specific shapes and characteristics details that would represent the whole object or person. The word “analytic” comes from the Daniel Henri Kahnweiler’s book The Rise Of Cubism ( Der Weg zum Kubimus), published in 1920. Kahnweiler was their dealer and he wrote the book while in exile from France during World War l. Kahnweiler did not invent the term “ Analytic Cubism”

The term “Analytic Cubism” was introduced by Carl Einstein in his article “ Notes sur le cubisme (Notes on Cubism),” published in Documents (Paris, 1929. http://arthistory.about.com/od/

glossary_a/a/a_analytic_cubism.htm

Georges Braque – Violin and Palette,

September 1, 1909 (Oil on Canvas

SYNTHETIC CUBISM

Synthetic Cubism grew out of Analytic Cubism. It was developed by Pablo Picasso and George Braque. Picasso and Braque discovered that this through the repetition of “analytic” signs there work more generalized, more geometrically simplified and flatter.

Synthetic Cubism’s Integrated of “high” and “low” art ( art made by artist who combined with art made for commercial purposes, such as packaging) can be considered the first Pop Art.

The term “Analytic Cubism” and “Synthetic Cubism” were popularized by Alfred H. Barr, Jr. ( 1902-1981) in his books on Cubism and Picasso, Alfred Barr was the first director of the Museum of Modern Art, New Your.

Pablo Picasso – Still Life with Compote and Glass, 1914-1914, ( Oil on

Canvas)

http://arthistory.about.com/od/glossary_s/a/s_synthetic_cubism.htm

CUBIST IN CONTEXT• Cubism came about at a time when the world was

dramatically changing: Science, technology, pace of life and the world being more mobile.

• Cubism was a way of representing this new world. • Cultural interactions where beginning to take place between

east and west, mixing primitive with industrialized. Each culture brining a new way of looking at things.

• Einstein’s work was prominent at the time of cubism, he suggested that we live in a world of shifting perspectives, where the appearance of objects is in constant flux depending on the view from which it is seen. This is basically what cubism was trying to achieve; to portray every aspect of something.

GEORGES BRAQUE • His art focused mainly on a still life subject as he wanted to

convey a feeling of be able to move around a painting. • Leader of Cubism, but his works that included the styles of

Impressionism and collage leave just as much as an impression on art today.

• embodies the dynamic and energetic qualities of Analytic Cubism.

• three-dimensional objects on a flat canvas without the use of traditional Renaissance perspective

• forms are broken down, fractured, flattened, and then reconstructed in multiple-point perspective

Georges Braque, Violin and Candlestick, 1910; oil on canvas

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/B/braque.htmlhttp://www.theartstory.org/artist-braque-georges.htm

PAUL CEZANNE

Bibemus Quarry

House and trees

Born:19th January 1839, FranceDied: 22nd October 1906, France

Work laid foundations of the transition from the 19th- century to a new art in the 20th- century

Influences;Camille PissarroGustave CourbetEugene Delacroix

Techniques:Heavy brush strokes during earlier years.

Influenced by Monet’s ability to create shapes on the canvas.

JUAN GRIS- he is recognized for his independent and distinctive approach to Cubism and as one of its most influential later practitioners and theoreticians.- refined the cubist vocabulary into his own instantly recognizable visual language. He is often referred to as 'the third cubist'.- Still Life with Open Window, Rue Ravignan' is a great example of Gris' cubist style. traditional objects, a bowl of fruit, a bottle and a glass, a newspaper and a book, all carefully arranged on a table top at a balcony window.-The objects are lit by electric light which contrasts with the moonlit scene outside the window. The subject may have been clichéd and predictable but its arrangement was revolutionary.- Every element of a painting was considered with classical precision: line, shape, tone, colour and pattern were carefully refined to create an interlocking arrangement free from any unnecessary decoration or detail.- flattens the composition of 'Still Life with Open Window, Rue Ravignan' into a grid of overlapping planes.

http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/still_life/juan_gris.htm

OTHER ARTIST

María Blanchard

-rich use of colour and the incorporation of personal elements.-The drawings would be harsh, and the colours would be bright and would often clash-the images were extremely expressive and sometimes, even intimidating.

‘Three Studies of Lucian Freud’

Worlds most expensive paintings: sold for $142 million

'Painting' (litually the name of the painting) is a coagulated masterpiece, a grinning or grimacing man—only the bottom of whose face is seen—is jammed between splayed cow carcasses and what looks like a witness stand.- Bacon hits on many of the themes, techniques, and formal concerns that occupied him for the rest of his life: Man, animal, and meat merge.- no narrative, just a conjuration of some malevolent force- Bacon isolates this one within an enclosure in the middle of the canvas.- The space feels hallucinatory, menacing, sullen, shallow. Best of all, the paint is physical and visceral—clotted, smeared, wiped off, applied with rags and fingers and brushes or straight from the tubes. Intense lilacs, pinks, and magentas multiply the effect.

Francis Bacon

INFLUENCE\MODERN CULTURECubism has had big influence on modern art and design in general. Notably the art school, Bauhaus heavily influenced todays design. Especially minimalist geometric work. Bauhaus ran from 1919 – 1932. - It was unique in that it merged all disciplines together from architecture, to fine art, to sculpture.  Looking at todays design, one company that sticks out as being influenced by cubism and partically the Bauhaus is Ikea.  The simplistic nature and geometric forms a lot of the furniture has I can see is influenced by principles of this movement.

Also in advertising, and poster design:  These designs by Charis Tsevis for Yahoo’s 2012 Olympic coverage:

Illustrator Riccardo Guasco posters for the Milano Bicycle Film Festival:

You can see cubism is more relevant than ever, the minimalist approach of breaking an object down into a simpler form, I think transfers well to advertising. The clean aesthetic conveys a product or message well.

LEGACY

“LEGACY: the canvas, rather than acting as an illusory window onto the world, became "the picture plane,"

tasked not with representing the world as our eyes see it, but instead with recalibrating vision for the purview of a

radical modern culture.”

-Ian Wallace, Cubism's Revolutionary Legacy,

http://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/cubism_legacy

OUR OWN INTERPRETATION

REFERENCES Little,S., (2004) Isms: understanding art. London: A&C Blacks Publishers LtdRewald, S., (2004). In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History "Cubism". [Online]. New

York: The Museum of Metropolitan Art. Available from: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm [Accessed on: 18/11/2014 at 16.38].

Cubism: Anew vision (online). Available from: http://www.mdc.edu/wolfson/academic/artsletters/art_philosophy/humanities/cubism.htm (accessed on 23/11/14, at 10.03)

Willette,J., (2011). Cubism and Modernity: Cubism and its context (online). Available from: http://www.arthistoryunstuffed.com/cubism/ (accessed on 28/11/2014, at 17.31).