presentation by mr. rolf alter, at the meeting on fostering inclusive growth and trust in justice...
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Presentation by Mr. Rolf Alter, at the Meeting on Fostering Inclusive Growth and Trust in Justice Institutions, 12 November 2014TRANSCRIPT
Fostering Inclusive Growth and Trust in
Justice Institutions:
Access, Performance and Alternatives
12 November 2014
OECD, Paris
Trust in justice significantly varies across
member countries (2013)
Source: Gallup World Poll
86
81 81
69 69 68 67 65 64 63 63 63 60 60
57 57 56 56 55 55 52
47 46 44 44
42 37 37 37
30 28 27 26
19
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Trust in justice scores lower than confidence and
satisfaction with other public services
52.1%
39.5%
71.0% 66.5%
73.5%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Justice system and courts
National government
Health systemEducation system
Local police
OECD Max Min
Source: Gallup World Poll, 2013
Yet it strongly matters for trust in government
Source: Gallup World Poll
AUS
AUT
BEL CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
OECD
POL
PRT SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Tru
st
in j
usti
ce
Trust in government
[R²: 0.72]
… for growth…
Source: OECD, Gallup World Poll
AUS
AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NLD
NZL
NOR
POL
PRT
SVK
SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
OECD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15000 25000 35000 45000 55000 65000 75000 85000 95000
Tru
st
in j
usti
ce
GDP per capita
R2:0.58
[R²: 0.58]
…and citizen well-being
Source: OECD, Gallup
AUS AUT
BEL
CAN
CHL CZE
DNK
EST
FIN
FRA DEU
GRC
HUN
ISL
IRL
ISR
ITA JPN KOR
LUX
MEX NLD NZL
NOR
OECD
POL
PRT
SVK SVN
ESP
SWE
CHE
TUR
GBR USA
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Lif
e s
ati
sfa
cti
on
Trust in justice
R²= 0.62
… trust in justice is also negatively related to
the perception of corruption in the judiciary
Source: Gallup, Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013
AUS BEL
CAN
CHL
CZE
EST
FIN
FRA
DEU
GRC
HUN
ISR
ITA
JPN
KOR
LUX
MEX
NZL
NOR
PRT SVK
SVN
ESP
CHE
TUR
GBR
USA
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75
Tru
st
in j
usti
ce
Perception of corruption
[R²: 0.79]
What are the areas of focus to promote trust,
better life and growth?
Effective justice institutions
Access to justice policies
Effective and transparent ADRs
Performance
Access
Alternatives
Trust in justice & trust in government
National competitiveness & inclusive growth
Life satisfaction
Policy performance & effectiveness
Government accountability
Policy levers Key areas of focus High-level outcomes
Source: OECD; WJP; Gallup World Poll; WEF
Need for:
Robust modelling
In-depth qualitative assessments
Yet there is a wide variation across member
countries in justice performance
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: WEF
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes, 2013-2014
Range: from 2.7 to 6.0 (1-7 scale)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
It takes up to 1580 days to enforce a contract
in OECD countries
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: World Bank
Enforcing contracts, 2014
OECD average:
539.5 days
21.4% cost of the claim
Range:
216-1580 days
9-39.9% cost of the claim
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.00
200.00
400.00
600.00
800.00
1,000.00
1,200.00
1,400.00
1,600.00
1,800.00
Co
st (%
of c
laim
) T
ime (
days)
Time (days) Cost (% of claim)
Number of procedure
38 32 37 35 33 21 27 36 34 33 31.8 26 40 26 36 29 35 35 33.6 27 35 25 28 29 34 31 32 36.8 33 32 26 31 34 32 30
Citizen views on judicial independence also
diverge…
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: WEF
Judicial independence, OECD countries, 2013-14 weighted average
Range: from 2.3 to 6.7 (1-7 scale)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Court users appear to be more satisfied with fairness and
independence than with length and cost of proceedings (2013)
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: Flash EuroBarometer
Court users satisfaction - Civil and commercial courts
21.3% 53.7%
49.7%
29.2%
46.2%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Lenth of proceedings
Independence (courts & judges)
Fairness of judgementsCost of proceedings
Use of new technologies
OECD21 Min Max
Level of satisfaction is slightly higher in administrative justice
compared to criminal justice
Yet safety and order are an important
component of public expenditures
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: SNA
Public spending on safety and order as a share of total public expenditure, OECD countries, 2012
2012:1.88 to 6.38
2007: 1.97 to 5.53
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2012 2007
Range
Although the expenditures on courts vary
Life Satisfaction Socio- and economic
performance
Source: SNA
Expenditures on public order and safety, 2012
7.5 8.7 13.9 13.9 14.4 15.8 16.1 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.2 18.3 18.3 19.4 20.4 21.1 21.5
25.9 29.8 31.8
54.0 53.3
58.6 53.0
61.9 57.8
42.0
63.6
50.0
62.2
48.5
53.7
40.7
62.8
47.5
54.0 58.7
46.7
47.5 48.2
3.7 8.8
9.1
6.8
12.0
8.7
19.9
4.4
9.9
12.1
13.3
17.0
8.7
8.2
15.9
12.3 8.9
6.4
10.6 5.2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Law courts Police Prisons Other
Citizen views on accessibility and affordability
of justice also diverge
Source: CEPEJ 2012; WJP 2013
Is there an understanding of what it actually takes for citizens to defend their rights?
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
No
rwa
y
De
nm
ark
Ne
therl
and
s
Sw
ede
n
Spain
Czech R
epu
blic
Port
ug
al
Germ
any
Austr
ia
Gre
ece
Slo
ven
ia
Fin
land
Ita
ly
Fra
nce
Ne
w Z
eala
nd
Ch
ile
OE
CD
28
Belg
ium
Esto
nia
Turk
ey
Ca
nad
a
Un
ite
d K
ing
dom
Re
pub
lic o
f K
ore
a
Pola
nd
Hu
nga
ry
Japa
n
Austr
alia
Un
ite
d S
tate
s
Me
xic
o
Icela
nd
Irela
nd
Isra
ël
Lu
xe
mbo
urg
Slo
vakia
Sw
itzerl
and
Accessibility and affordability of civil justice
Annual public budget allocated to legal aid per inhabitant as part (in %) of the GDP per capita, in 2012
Accessib
ilit
y a
nd
Aff
ord
ab
ilit
y
An
nu
al p
ub
lic b
ud
get a
llocate
d to
leg
al a
id
There is also room for improving the
accessibility, effectiveness and awareness of
ADRs
Source: WJP; Flash EuroBarometer 2013
Accessib
ilit
y,
imp
art
iality
an
d e
ffecti
ven
ess
A
wa
ren
es
s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
% Accessibility, impartiality and effectiveness of ADR in civil justice
Citizens who feel informed about the alternatives to court
Yet understanding of the use, transparency and
impact of ADRs is uneven at best
Source: The Economist, 2014
Current OECD work on justice institutions
• 2014 MCM Inclusive Growth Report
• 2014 OECD Trust Strategy
• 2013 ECO Civil Law and Justice Sector Efficiency Study
• 2013 Government at a Glance
• Sigma Rule of Law assessments
• Governance accession reviews and core accession principles
Colombia
Latvia
Russia
Ongoing co-operation
External
● European Commission for the
Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ)
Agreement on use of data
and extension to non-EU
countries
OECD Observership in
CEPEJ meetings
● World Justice Project
● International Commission of
Jurists
Internal
● SIGMA programme
● LEED programme
● Competition Committee
● Investment Committee
● Consumer Policy Committee
● Economics Department (Civil
Law and Justice Sector
Efficiency Survey)
Collaboration survey
design
Possible inclusion in
G@G 2013
Focus of the discussion
• Fostering trust in justice and justice performance
• Advancing equal access to justice
• Strengthening effectiveness and governance of
ADRs