presentación de tirso gonzales (canadá) - seminario internacional pueblos indígenas
TRANSCRIPT
An Andean Matrix to Nurture
KawsayUna Matriz Andina para la Crianza del Kawsay
Tirso Gonzales
Indigenous Studies Program
The University of British Columbia
Intnl Seminar, “Cultural Diversity, Food Systems & Traditional Life Strategies
Cusco, Peru, Nov.06.2014
Outline / Resúmen
Introducción
Visiones del Mundo, Sistemas de conocimiento, Epistemologías
Agri-culturas
• Kawsay/ Jaka = La vida toda = Life as a Whole
• Eurocentrismo = Colonización= Colonialidad = Matriz de dominación (Colonialidad del Poder, Colonialidad del Conocimiento)
• Colonialidad del Conocimiento = Investigación Científica
• Epistemologia(s): Teoria(s) del Conocimiento (Holistica; Fragmentada/Sectorial)
• Autonomía(s)
What is Cultural Affirmation?
• The affirmation of Sumaq Kawsay, (“Well Being”) cultural
identity and self-determination according to the Indigenous
Peoples’ Cosmic vision & its association with the territorial
autonomies
• A radical demand for cultural diversity
KThe IAASTD Reports
(www.agassessment.org)
• Global / sub-Global Reports: 400 authors, 52 countries
• US $11 million dollars
• Sub Global Reports:
Central & West Asia & North Africa
East and South Asia & the Pacific
North America & Europe
Sub Saharan Africa
Latin America & the Caribbean
Transition to sustainable / organic / ecological / resilient agriculture
Which way forward?
towards an epistemology
of ANDEAN CULTURAL AFFIRMATION
Building epistemological bridges
http://vimeo.com/anthropocene/shortfilm
Epistemolo-
gical
BRIDGES
FOR
RESPECTFU
L
DIALOGUE
ON AN
EQUAL
FOOTING
Indigenous Autonomy & Self-determination
ECUADOR
COLOMBIA
PERU
BOLIVIA
ARGENTINA
Latin American
Indigenous
Epistemologies
Andean Indigenous
Epistemology
No caminenos separados, dispersos.
Seamos un sólo corazón
Peru: 63 Nations within a Colonial Nation State
Se co ya
Quechua
Quechua
Quechua
Quechua
Quechua
Quechua
Quechua
Jaqaru
TicunaYagua
BoraResígaro Huitoto
OrejónIquito
Arabela
Taushiro
Urarina
Achuar
Huambisa
AguarunaChayahuita
Jebero Chamicuro
Cadoshi
Cocama-cocamilla
Omagua Mayoruna
Capanahua
Shipibo-conibo
Cashibo-cacataibo
AmahuacaCashinahua
Yaminahua
Asháninka
Yanesha Piro
Piro
Campa caquinteNomatsiguenga
Machiguenga
Iñapari
AmahuacaShipibo
Ese ejaHarakmbut
Ayamara
Ayamara
Culina
Total Indigenous
Population: 350 million
Aymara
SEARCHING FOR METHODOLOGIES AND PROTOCOLS FOLLOWED BY ANDEAN INDIGENOUS
ORGANIZATIONS:
PRATEC, AGRUCO & ASOCIACION ANDES
Latitud del Kawsay:Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina (Central Andes)
Life as a whole
La vida toda
Other goals(other actors)
Research(Universities, Think tank
institutions, United Nations)
Business profitability
Indigenous Peasants
State Institutions
Techno-science
Local Knowledge
• Climate Change
• B i o d i v e r s i t y C o n s e r v a t i o n
• Ecosystem Management
• Food Security
• Development / “Buen Vivir” –
Sumaq Kawsay / Suma Jakaña
Stakeholders’ Goals and Cognitive Bases
Adapted from Rengifo 2011
About Place:
• Eurocentrism: Anthropocene, Placelessness
• Ecocentrism: Out of the Anthropocene
• Kawsay: Andes-Pachacentrism-Pachacene
ORIGIN OF MAJOR LOCAL & GLOBAL ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ANDEAN AMAZONIAN COMMUNITIES’ PERSPECTIVE
GENERALIZED LOSS OF
RESPECT
AMONG HUMANS
TOWARD NATURE
TOWARD DEITIES
WE HAVE TO COME
BACK TO RESPECT
BASIC DATA: PERUVIAN ANDEANAMAZONIAN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES.
• Peru: Indigenous population 7+ million
• Officially grouped in Comunidades Campesinas, (CC) and Comunidades Nativas (CN) = 7,000
Registered & with land titles:
• Comunidades Campesinas, CC. July 2001: 5,827 CC
• Comunidades Nativas, CN. 1,173 CN
RUNAS SALLQA
WACAS / APUS
CHACRA
DIVERSITY
ANDEAN COSMOVISION NURTURER OF
DIVERSITY
On the Knowledge Regenerated by the PRATEC-NACA
Andean Experience:
• World view / Cosmic vision
• Philosophical
• Theoretical
• Methodological
• Paradigm / Approach
HOLISTIC APPROACH TO
• Food sufficiency• Biodiversity Conservation
• Climate Change
• Education
PACHA-CHACRA CENTRIC APPROACH
THROUGH CULTURAL
AFFIRMATION
NURTURING KAWSAY / JAKA
Food Sufficiency from the Andean Community’s Perspective
“Grow everything, in order to eat
everything, among all of us
(Us = human community, nature community,
community of deities and gods)”
8,000 years of Andean-
Amazonian Cultural
Affirmation
Chala
=masl= meters above sea level
or Cordillera
Jalca
or
8 Natural Regions
Precolonial Names
NACAs:
Peru: Location Collective of PRATEC-Nuclei of Andean Cultural Affirmation, NACAs
PERU: High Ecological Diversity:
82 of the planet’s 103 life-zones
COSMOLOGICAL FRAME
Elaborated by Tirso Gonzales 2011 (Sources: Ishizawa et al 2010a,b; Rengifo 2010b)
Community-Based Adaptive Strategies for Climate Change
Territorial Scenarios(8 Natural Regions. 82 of the planet’s 103 life zones)---
Dimensions/Components
Basin’s biocultural landscape
Chacra(productive
activity)
Housing&
food
1. Infrastructure
2. Organizational
3. Rituals & Festivities
4. Dialogue with nature
Research Methodology:
The Cartillas de Saberes
http://www.pratecnet.org/index.php?o
ption=com_content&view=article&id=
61&Itemid=77
PRATEC’s Booklets of Wisdom and Knowledge/Saberes
(Cartillas)
Two Different Cosmovisions
PRATEC recognizes that:
Central to the search for dialogue and exchange between two different cultures is this encounter between different cosmovisions and its implications for intercultural dialogue in general and for the promotion of cultural diversity in particular.
• Impressive Critical Mass.• What has been LASA’s
contribution to strengthen Indigenous Peoples’s livelihoods, cultures, languages, knowledge systems, and selfdetermination?
Euro-American Approaches & Epistemology Use of Imperial Languages