PRESENT SIMPLE TENSEDefinicija i upotreba:Simple present tense je glagolsko vrijeme engleskog jezika, a izraava radnju:1. koja se odigrava esto;2. toliko je normalna da ju uvijek spominjemo u sadanjem vremenu;3. koja potvruje neku stalnu istinu;4. ije trajanja ne moemo odrediti.

1: First, we use the Present Simple when something is generally true: The sunrisesin the east. Peopleneedfood. Itsnowsin winter. The skyisn'tgreen. Plantsdiewithout water. Two and twomakefour.2: We also need to use this tense for a situation that we think is more or less permanent (see thepresent continuousfor a temporary situation - one which we think won't last long): Wheredoyoulive? Sheworksin a bank. Theylovecoffee. Shehasthree children. Iammarried. Idon't likemushrooms.3: The next use is for habits or things that we do regularly. We often useadverbs of frequencyin this case (also see thepresent continuousfor new, temporary or annoying habits): Doyousmoke? Iplaytennis every Tuesday. We oftengoto the cinema. Shegetsup at seven o'clock every day. At the weekend, we usuallygoto the market. How oftendoyoustudyEnglish? Idon't travelvery often.4: Four, we use the simple present to talk about what happens in books, plays, or films: The herodiesat the end of the film. A young womantravelsthrough Europe, where shemeetsdifferent people, and finallyfallsin love. In this book, an armyinvadesBritain. The main characterisvery pretty andworksin a bookshop.5: We use it in the first and the zeroconditionals: If itrains, I won't come. If youheatwater to 100 degrees, itboils.6: Strangely, we can use this tense to talk about the future. When you are discussing a timetable or a fixed plan, you can use this tense. Usually, the timetable is fixed by an organisation, not by us: Schoolbeginsat nine tomorrow. Our trainleavesat eleven. What timedoesthe filmstart? The planedoesn't arriveat seven, itarrivesat seven thirty. Whendoesthe classfinish?7: We also use it to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as' in a future sentence: I will call you when Ihavetime. (Not: 'will have') I won't go out until itstopsraining. She'll come as soon as her babysitterarrives. I'm going to make dinner after Iwatchthe news. I'll give you the book before yougo.8: We need to use this simple tense withstative verbs(verbs which we don't use in continuous tenses), in situations where we'd usually use the present continuous: This souptastesgreat. Youlookfabulous. Ithinkshe is very pretty. Iamcold. IpromiseI will help you.We use the present tense to talk about:- something that is true in thepresent:Imnineteen years old.Helivesin London.Ima student.- something that happens again and again in the present:Iplayfootball every weekend.We use words likesometimes,often.always, andnever(adverbs of frequency) with the present tense:Isometimesgo to the cinema.Sheneverplays football.- something that isalways true:The adult human bodycontains206 bones.Lighttravelsat almost 300,000 kilometres per second.- something that is fixed in the future.The school termstartsnext week.The trainleavesat 1945 this evening.Weflyto Paris next week.

The sun rises.

past

present

future

Sunce izlazi svaki dan, prije, sada i poslije.

Jenny is not here.

past

present

future

Jenny trenutno nije prisutna.

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do. Examples: Iplaytennis. Shedoes not playtennis. Doesheplaytennis? The trainleavesevery morning at 8 AM. The traindoes not leaveat 9 AM. Whendoesthe train usuallyleave? She alwaysforgetsher purse. He neverforgetshis wallet. Every twelve months, the Earthcirclesthe Sun. Doesthe Suncirclethe Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things. Examples: Catslikemilk. Birdsdo not likemilk. Dopigslikemilk? Californiaisin America. Californiais notin the United Kingdom. Windowsaremade of glass. Windowsare notmade of wood. New Yorkisa small city.It is not important that this fact is untrue.

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well. Examples: The trainleavestonight at 6 PM. The busdoes not arriveat 11 AM, itarrivesat 11 PM. Whendoweboardthe plane? The partystartsat 8 o'clock. Whendoesclassbegintomorrow?

USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done withNon-Continuous Verbsand certainMixed Verbs. Examples: Iamhere now. Sheis nothere now. Heneedshelp right now. Hedoes not needhelp now. Hehashis passport in his hand. Doyouhaveyour passport with you?Tvorba simple present tensaSimple present tense tvori se pomonim glagolom To do. Taj pomoni glagol u ovom glagolskom vremenu moe imati dva temeljna oblika, a iza pomonog glagola uvijek dolazi glavni glagol u infinitivu. Oblici pomonog glagola mogu biti:1. Do,2. Does.

PRIMJERI:1. Ilivein Dubrovnik- ivim u Dubrovniku.DoIlivein Dubrovnik?- ivim li u Dubrovniku?Idontlivein Dubrovnik. - Ne ivim u Dubrovniku.2. Tonyplaysa piano.- Tony svira glasovir.DoesTonyplaya piano?- Svira li Toni glasovir?Tonydoesnt playa piano.- Tony ne svira glasovir.3. Lisaworksat the post office.- Lisa radi u poti.DoesLisaworkat the post office?- Radi li Lisa u poti?Lisadoes not workat the post office.- Lisa ne radi u poti.4. She alwaysdoesthe same thing.- Ona uvijek ini istu stvar.Doesshe alwaysdothe same thing? - ini li ona uvijek istu stvar?Shedoesntalwaysdothe same thing.- Ona ne ini uvijek istu stvar.5. Wecleanour house every day.- istimo nau kuu svaki dan.Dowecleanour house every day?- istimo li mi nau kuu svaki dan?Wedo not cleanour house every day.- Mi ne istimo nau kuu svaki dan.6. Youfeelgood. - Osjea se dobro.Doyoufeelgood? - Osjea li se dobro?Youdont feelgood.- Ne osjea se dobro.7. Tanyaputson her makeup every morning.- Tanya se minka svakog jutra.DoesTanyaputon her makeup every morning?- minka li se Tanya svakog jutra?Tanyadoesnt puton her makeup every morning.- Tanya se ne minka svakog jutra.Nastavci s i es u simple present tensuPita se od kuda dolaze nastavci s i es koji se nadovezuju na glavne glagole u treem licu jednine? Spomenuo sam da simple present tense moe kao pomoni glagol imati do ili does. Nastavci s i es pojavljuju se kada u reenici koristimo pomoni glagol does.

He plays football.ILIHe does play football.

Oba navedena oblika su ispravna, ali zbog jednostavnosti se najee koristi prvi oblik. Tu vidimo da se does u simple present tense izraava kao nastavak glavnog glagola u obliku s ili es.

U treem licu jednine svi glavni glagoli koji u infinitivu zavravaju slovima s, x, z, sh i ch dobivaju jedinstveni nastavak es.

He watches TV every day. (to watch)

Takoer u treem licu jednine glavni glagoli u odreenim okolnostima mijenjaju y u i. To se dogaa kada glavni glagol u infinitivu zavrava posljednjim slovom y, a ispred tog posljednjeg slova nalazi se suglasnik.

Jane cries every day. (to cry).

Potvrdni oblik simple present tensaI do walk every day.ILII walk every day.You do walk every day.ILIYou walk every day.He does walk every day.ILIHe walks every day.She does walk every day.ILIShe walks every day.It does walk every day.ILIIt walk's every day.You do walk every day. ILIYou walk every day.We do walk every day.ILIWe walk every day.They do walk every day.ILIThey walk every day.

NAPOMENA:U drugoj koloni nisu prikazani pomoni glagoli Do i Does, ali oni postoje u reenici. Zapravo su skriveni. eli ovo bolje razumjeti? Pogledaj zadnje poglavlje posta Pomoni glagoli engleskog jezika.

Nijeni oblik simple present tensaDa bismo izrazili nijeni oblik engleskog glagolskog vremena simple present tense samo trebamo pomonom glagolu dodati nastavak not.

I do not walk every day.ILII don't walk every day.

Upitni oblik simple present tensaUpitni oblik engleskog glagolskog vremena simple present tense tvori se tako da samo preokrenemo mjesto zamjenice i pomonog glagola. U tom trenutku pomoni glagol dolazi na prvo mjesto.

Do you walk every day? Yes, you do. No, you don't.Does he walk every day? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

U ovom sam primjeru takoer dao kratak pozitivan i negativan odgovor na pitanje. Kao to vidi, to je vrlo jednostavno.

Prilozi u simple present tensuU engleskom glagolskom vremenu simple present tense esto se koriste prilozi always, often, usually, sometimes, never i every. Pogledaj gore navedene primjere. Tu moe vidjeti kako se u simple present tensu koristi prilog every.

PRILOZIUz ovo vrijeme koristimo dvije vrste priloga I to:1. Prilozi neodreenog vremena:Often estoAllways uvijekUsually obinoSometimes ponekadOvi priloz stoje na poetku reenice izmeu subjekta I glagola.

2. Prilozi odreenog vremena su:In the morning ujutroIn the afternoon popodneIn the evening uveeOn Sunday nedeljomOvi prilozi stoje na kraju reenice

Sadanje vrijeme svih glagola obrazuje se tako da se uz glagolska vremena uvijekstavljaju line zamjenice. Jedino se tree lice jednine prezenta razlikuje od ostalih lica, jer dobija nastavak"-s"ili"-es", osim glagola:to be- biti,to have- imati,can, may- moi,must- morati,ought- trebati.

Nastavak"-s"za sadanje vrijeme izgovara se kao"s"ako dolazi iza bezvunogsuglasnika, ili"z"ako dolazi iza zvunog suglasnika ili samoglasnika:he speaks(hi spi:ks),he reads(hi ri:dz).Glagoli koji se zavravaju nas, x, z, shichobrazuju tree lice nastavkom jedninenastavkom"-es":he dresses, he teaches.Glagoli koji se u infinitivu zavravaju na"-y", kad pred tim"y"stoji suglasnik, mijenjaju"y"u"i", u treem licu jednine:to cry(he cries),to try(to tries).Odrini oblik sadanjeg vremena pravi se tako to se uzme sadanje vrijeme pomonog glagola"to do", pa se zatim doda negacija"not"i infinitiv glagola koji se mijenja, bez prijedloga"to":I write(ja piem)-I do not write, I don't writeUpitni oblik sadanjeg vremena pravi se tako pravi se tako to se uzme sadanje vrijeme pomonog glagola"to do"u inverziji i infinitiv glagola koji se mijenja, bez prijedloga"to".You write(ti pie)-Do you write?(pie li?)Sadanje prosto vrijeme se upotrebljava: da oznai radnju ije trajanje nije odreeno:I write(ja piem),I work(ja radim); da potvrdi jednu poznatu istinu:fish live in water(ribe ive u vodi); da oznai radnju koja se vri po navici:I always rise early(uvijek ustajem rano); da oznai radnju koja se ponavlja:I have an English lesson three times a week(imam as engleskog tri puta sedmino).

Questions and negativesLook at these questions:Do you play the piano?Where do you live?Does Jack play football?Where does he come from?Do Rita and Angela live in Manchester?Where do they work? With the present tense, we usedoanddoesto make questions. We usedoesfor the third person (she/he/it) and we usedofor the others.We usedoanddoeswith question words likewhere,whatandwhy:But look at these questions with who:Who lives in London?Who plays football at the weekend?Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?Look at these sentences:I like tennis, but I dont like football. (dont = do not)I dont live in London now.I dont play the piano, but I play the guitar.They dont work at the weekend.John doesnt live in Manchester. (doesnt = does not)Angela doesnt drive to work. She goes by bus. With the present tense we usedoanddoesto make negatives. We use does not (doesnt) for the third person (she/he/it) and we use do not (dont) for the others.Complete these sentences with dont or doesnt:

PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS RAZLIKE!

Present SimplePresent Continuous

Things which are always true: Waterboilsat 100 degrees.Things which are happening at the moment of speaking: The wateris boilingnow, so you can put in the pasta.

Permanent situations (or nearly permanent; true for a few years at least): Julielivesin London.Temporary situations: Julieis livingin Paris for a few months (usually she lives in London).Situations which are slowly changing: I'm gettingbetter and better at speaking English.

Habits or things we do regularly: Idrinkcoffee every morning.Temporary or new habits: I'm drinkingtoo much coffee these days because I'm so busy at work.Annoying habits (usually with 'always'): My flatmateis always leavingthe kitchen in a mess!

Future events which are part of a timetable: My planeleavesat eight tonight.To talk about the future after certain words ('when' 'until' 'after' 'before' 'as soon as'): I'll call youwhen I gethome.Definite future plans: I'm meetingJohn after class today.

To talk about what happens in books, plays and films: At the end of the book, the detectivecatchesthe killer.To talk about people in pictures and photos: In this photo, my motheris walkingbeside a lake.