english grammar i shih-chuan chang. 2 unit 1: present simple tense & present continuous tense...

English Grammar I

Shih-Chuan Chang

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Unit 1: Present Simple Tense & Present Continuous Tense

1.1 Present Simple Tense Present simple tense is used to

express the idea that an action is usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, or a routine. It is also used to tell a general truth.

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My parents go to work by car. The sun rises in the east. Spencer rides a scooter to work. It never snows in Taiwan.My brother goes to school on foot. Light travels faster than sound.

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In the simple present, the third person singular subjects have a verb with –s for most verbs; however, with some verbs, we need to add es or change the ending. The rules are as follows:

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1) Verbs ending in s, z, sh, ch: add es : watch→ watches, wish→ wishes,

2) Verbs ending in consonant+ y: change y to i then add es : fly→ flies,

3) Verbs ending in a vowel +y, add s : pay→ pays, play→ plays

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1.1-2 Exercise : Use “make” or “do” to complete each sentence

1. Mrs. Smith always _____ the bed for her son.

2. Sue ________ an appointment with her dentist twice a month.

3. Chad ______ huge progresses in math.

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4. We ___________ the shopping once a week.

5. The businessman _____________ a lot of money by selling cars.

6. My mother ___________ the laundry in the morning.

7. Janet and her sister usually _________ their homework after school.

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1.1-3 Forming Negative, Question and Wh- sentences:

Forming Negative questions : sentences in the simple present tenses are formed by adding “do not” or “does not” before the simple form of the verb: A third singular subject uses “doesn’t”, the others use “don’t”.

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Forming Yes/NO questions:Yes/No questions are formed by using

do or does. “Do” or “Does” is placed before the subject.

Do you major in history? Yes, I do.Does your mother speak English? No,

she doesn’t. Do the Browns eat meat? No, they don’t.

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Forming Wh-questions: Wh question are formed by putting do

or does in front of the subject and the “wh” word is at the beginning of a sentence.

Where do the Browns live?What kind of car does Mary have? How often does your father work out in

the gym?

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1-1-5 Adverb of FrequencyAdverbs of Frequency are used to tell

how often we do an activity. If the sentence has one adverb put the adverb after the subject and before the verb. However, the adverb should go after an “auxiliary verb”.

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Table 1.1: Adverbs of Frequency

percentage

Adverb of Frequency

Example Sentence

100% alwaysMy father always goes to work by car.

80% usuallyHe usually goes to work after breakfast.

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70%often/

frequentlyHe often has his lunch in the office.

50% sometimesHe sometimes has a sandwich for lunch.

30% occasionallyHe occasionally has fast-food for lunch.

10%seldom /

rarelyHe seldom goes home for lunch.

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5% hardly everHe hardly takes a nap in the afternoon.

0% neverHe is never late for work.

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1.1-6 Exercise: Complete sentences with the verb and adverb of frequency:

1. Americans ________ (send) chocolate to their sweetheart.

2. Banks _______ (be) closed on Sundays. 3. Chinese people _____ (eat) moon cakes

on Mid-autumn Festival.4. _____ (go) to bed before 8: 00. I am a

night owl.

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5. My grammar teacher ______ (wear) high heels.

6. It _____________ (snow) in Taipei.7. My class _________ (start) at nine.8. It ______ (rain) in summer in Keelung. 9. Valentine’s Day _____ ( be) on

February 14th. 10. It _______ (rain) in winter in southern

Taiwan.

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1.2 Present Continuous TensePresent Continuous is used to express

the idea that something is happening now or at this moment. It is used to say something is in the process of doing a longer action.

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Is the baby crying now? No, he isn’t. He is sleeping.

Currently, J. K. Rowling is writing a new book.

I am studying to become a scientist. I am reading the book “The Chicken

Soup for the Soul”.Are you working on any projects?

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The present Continuous can be used to indicate something that is going to happen in the future. It always goes with the following verbs: leave, come, go, visit.

She is visiting her parents-in-law tonight.

We are going to Brazil next week.

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Present continuous tense with the word "always" means irritating things happen again and again.

My grandma is always losing the keys. I don't like Lisa because she is always

nagging on me.

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1.2-1 Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle

Some verbs change their spelling with the–ing form

1) When a verb ends in a silent “e”, the “e” is dropped. close→ closing

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2) When a verb ends in “ie”, the “ie” is changed to y before the ing is added. die→ dying lie→lying

3) No change is made with the end of “y”. fly→ flying play→ playing

4) If the one-syllable verbs ending in a single constant with a short vowel, the final consonant must be doubled before the ing is added, except with w, x and y ending. nod→nodding dig→digging run→running

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1.2-3 Exercise: Complete the sentences with Present Continuous Tense.

1. Listen! The restaurant ________ (play) Chopin’s music.

2. My grandfather _______(always/forget) to turn off the light.

3. Sue and her sister ______ (leave) now.4. The little boy _____ (cry). Is he hungry?

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5. George ______ (always/ask) silly questions in class.

6. Charles _____ (come) next week.7. My husband and I _____ (sit) in the

coffee shop. He ______ (have) some tea and I _______ (have) a cup of hot chocolate.

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8. The taxi ____ (wait) for you outside. Hurry up.

9. Look! The water ________ (boil).

10. Lauren _______ (surf) the net at this moment.

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1.3 Non-Continuous VerbsSome verbs cannot be used in the

progressive tenses although these verbs are happening at the present. These verbs are called non-action verbs which are used to indicate state, sense, desire, possession, or opinion.

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Table 1.2: Non-Action Verbs

abstract verbs

know, think, realize, feel, need, understand, costwant, remember, prefer, believe, recognize, weigh

emotional verbslove, like, hate, dislike, fear, envy, care, mind, enjoy

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possession verbshave, own, possess

linking verbsseem, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, appear, become

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Some verbs have more than one meaning. Some meanings behave like "non-action verbs", while others behave like "action verbs." Verbs that have more than one meaning are listed in table1.3.

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Table 1.3: Verbs can function as action verbs or non-action verbs

haveI have a brother and a sister.

I am having a cup of coffee.

miss

John misses his ex-wife very much.

Debbie is missing her favorite talk show.

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thinkHe thinks the test is easy.

He is thinking of changing the job.

appear Alex appeared happy.

Andy Lau is appearing on the stage.

smell These roses smell good.

Katherine is smelling these roses

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1.3-1 Complete each sentence with present simple or continuous tense.

1. I _______ (prefer) Japanese food to French food.

2. My niece ____ (dislike) playing sports.

3. Carlos _______ (own) that flower shop.

4. The laptop computer _______ (belong) to me. It is not yours.

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5. What’s on your mind? You ____(sound) unhappy.

6. I _______ (see) my nephew talking to a stranger.

7. How much _____ the ticket ___ (cost) ?

8. The man ____ (weigh) at least 200 pounds.

english grammar i shih-chuan chang. 2 unit 1: present simple tense & present continuous tense...

Documents

simple present tenses

simple form

plays slide

shihchuan chang slide

yesno questions

negative questions

wh sentences

wh question