PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE

USES

• Actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past.

Example: I have been to India.

• To describe recent events.

Example: She has just broken her leg.

• For actions that started in the past but continuein the present.

Example: I have been a teacher for 23 years.

• For actions with consequences in the present.

Example: I have broken my leg.

FORM

• Subject + have / has + Past Participle

Example: She has worked here since 1996.

• Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + Past Participle

Examples: Tom and Mary haven’t studied enough to pass theexam.

• Have/has + subject + Past Participle?

Examples: Has Peter won the championship?

AFFIRMATIVEIYouWeYouTheyHesheit

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Has + past participle

SHORT ANSWER

Yes, …have.

No, … haven’t.

Have + past participle

IYouWeYouTheyHesheit

Haven’t + past participle

Hasn’t + past participle

Have

Has

IYouWeYouTheyHesheit

+ past participle

+ past participle

PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERBSThere are two types of Past Participles:

Regular: We add –ed or –d to the base formstop – stoppedwork – workedstudy – studied

Irregular: we need special forms. We can find them in theIrregular verbs list, usually in the third column.sleep – sleptsing - sung

http://alexisbenglishclass.wikispaces.com/Irregular+verbs

TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT: FOR – SINCE

(used as prepositions in sentences with a verb in the present perfect tense expressing that an action still goes on)

- FOR: A period of timeBono has performed on stage for 20 years.

- SINCE: The moment when the action startedI haven’t seen Mary since last week.

TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT: ALREADY – YET

(used as adverbs in sentences with a verb in the present

perfect tense when we are talking about personal

experiences)

- ALREADY: Sooner than expected (affirmative sentences and some questions)

They’ve already sold 12 million bands.

Have you already done your homework?

- YET: The speaker is expecting something to happen (negative sentences and questions)

He hasn’t found a sponsor yet.

Has the programme started yet?

Mid position (before main verb)

End position (end of sentence)

OTHER TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

(In sentences with a verb in the present perfect tense when

we are talking about personal experiences)

- JUST: Only a moment ago

The train has just left.

- EVER: At any time

Have you ever done any charity challenges?

We haven’t ever eaten in this restaurant.

- NEVER: At no time

I’ve never been there.

Mid position (before main verb)

Mid position (before main verb)

Mid position (before main verb)

- RECENTLY: At a time immediately before the present

Has Janet talked to him recently?

- LATELY: Not long ago

Have you seen her lately?

- ONCE: One time

I’ve been to London once in my life.

- TWICE: Two times

I’ve been to London twice in my life.

- THREE TIMES...:

I’ve been to Paris three times in the last 5 years.

Usually, end position

Usually, end position

Usually, towards the end of sentence

Usually, towards the end of sentence

Usually, towards the end of sentence

QUESTIONS

- How long have you taught English at SecondarySchool?

I have taught English at Secondary School for18 years.

- Since when have you taught English at Secondary School?

I have taught English at Secondary Schoolsince 1992.