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Page 1: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

Past Perfect Tense

4.0

Page 2: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

FORM

“ From the past perfect with the auxiliary had and the past

participle (third column in verb tables).

The past participles are in the list of irregular verb on page 268.

I had decided. She had left. We had eaten.

In speech and informal writing we use short forms (contractions):

I’d decided. She’d left. We’d eaten.

Page 3: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

FORM

“ Questions and negatives

Form questions by putting had before the subject.

Had she left?

Form negatives with not. In speech and informal writing we use short

forms (contractions):

She had not left. She hadn’t left.

Page 4: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Meaning

“ 1 Use the past perfect to show clearly that one past event

happened before another past event.

Use the past perfect for the earlier event.

Sue left at 7.00. We arrived at her house at 8.30.

When we arrived at Sue’s house, she had left.

Page 5: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Meaning

“ 2 When we use before or after to make the order of events

clear, we need not use the past perfect,

But it is possible to use it.

Sue left her house before we arrived.

OR Sue had left her house before we arrived.

We arrived at Sue’s house after she left.

OR We arrived at Sue’s house after she had left.

Page 6: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Meaning

Page 7: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Meaning

“ 3 We do not use the past perfect just because an event

happened a long time ago. We use past simple.

The Chinese built the Great Wall over 2,000 years ago.

Page 8: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Common Uses

“ We often use the past perfect with verbs of thinking like think,

know, be sure, realize, remember, suspect, understand etc. when we

talk in the past about an event in the past

I thought I’d seen the film before, but I hadn’t

David knew he’d seen her somewhere before.

Ellen was sure she hadn’t locked the door.

When I got home I realized I’d lost my wallet.

The inspector suspected that the thief had used a special key.

Page 9: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Used to

Used to describes a habit or state in the past. Used to

suggests that the action or situation is no

Longer true and so makes a contrast with the present.

I used to play tennis, but now I play football. = a habit in the past

I used to have long hair when I was younger.= a state in the past

There is no present form of used to. The present simple

describes present states and habits.

Page 10: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

“ Questions and negatives

Form questions and negatives with did or did not and use to.

Did you use to have long hair when you were younger?

I didn’t use to play tennis, but now I play most weekends.

Page 11: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

“ Pronunciation

Used is pronounced /ju:st/ . This is different from the past tense of

the verb use,

Pronounced /ju:zd/.

Page 12: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

“ Would

Would describes repeated actions in the past, but not states.

It means the same as used to. It is more common in descriptive writing

than in speech.

On winter days, we would sit/used to sit around the fire and tell stories.

(action)

I used to own a motorbike. (NOT I would own a motorbike.)

(state)

Page 13: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect and past simple

“ Situation 1: the teacher arrives at 8.00, I start writing at 7.50.

1a) I started writing at 7.50, before my teacher arrived at 8.00.

1b) When my teacher arrived at 8.00, I had already started writing.

Page 14: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect and past simple

“ Situation 2: the film starts at 8.00, I arrive at 8.10.

2a) The film started at 8.00, but I arrived ten minutes late.

2b) I arrived at 8.10, but the film had already started.

Page 15: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect and past simple

We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or

we can put the event that happened first into the past perfect, as in 1b)

and 2b). The sentence type we use depends on which part of the

meaning we want to emphasize. The past we emphasize most comes

first.

Page 16: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Past forms used in conditionals

“ Note that the past simple and past perfect are also used in

conditional sentences (with if … ).

In these sentences they have a different meaning.

Page 17: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 1 Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each

sentence.

1. I was using to get up early when I had gone sailing.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. After Jill was giving Nick his books, she went home.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. When I got into bed, I was falling asleep immediately.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 18: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 1 Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each

sentence.

4. While I looked for my keys, I remembered I left them at home.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. When we had ate lunch, we were sitting in the garden.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Paula had used to play tennis when she had been at school.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 19: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 1 Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each

sentence.

7. When I was finally finding the house, I was knocking at the door.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Maria would live in Sweden when she was a child.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The Vikings had sailed to North America a thousand years ago.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 20: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 1 Underline the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each

sentence.

10. Juliet was sure she was seeing the tall man before.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 21: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

1. While I had waited/was waiting/waited at the bus stop, I had

noticed/was noticing/noticed a new shop which wasn’t/hadn’t

been in the street the day before.

2. I had gone/went out into the garden to fetch my bike, but

found/was finding that someone stole/had stolen it.

Page 22: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

3. When George met/was meeting Diane at the party, he

thought/was thinking that he saw/had seen/was seeing her

somewhere before.

4. Emily got off/was getting off the bus and walked/was walking into

the bank when she realized/had realized/was realizing that she

left/had left/was leaving her handbag on the bus.

Page 23: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 2 Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence.

5. After I was buying/had bought my new bike, I discovered that it

wasn’t having/didn’t have a security lock.

6. I went to the post office to ask about my package, but they had

said/said that it still hadn’t arrived/didn’t arrive.

Page 24: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 3 Complete each sentence using would or used to and the

verb in brackets. More than one answer may be possible.

1. I (not like) ................................................................... spinach, but now I do.

2. Tina (live) ..................................................................... in the house opposite.

3. Jack (have) ................................................... a beard but he shaved it off.

4. In the holidays we (meet) ........................................................ at the beach

every morning.

Page 25: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 3 Complete each sentence using would or used to and the

verb in brackets. More than one answer may be possible.

5. When I was young, the summers (be) .

................................................................... warmer.

6. Whenever our teacher let us leave early, we (cheer)

.......................................................... !

7. My mother (read) ............................................. to me every night.

8. Helen (write) ................................................................... to me often,

but now she phones.

Page 26: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 4: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first, using no more than three words.

1. In those days, we spent the summer in the mountains.

In those days, we ………………………… the summer in the mountains.

2. Last summer, Julia got up early every morning.

Last summer, Julia used to …………………………. Early every morning.

3. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water.

After Michael ………………………….. a deep breath, he dived into the

water.

Page 27: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 4: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first, using no more than three words.

4. We missed the bus so we took a taxi.

We took a taxi because …………………………… the bus.

5. Terry was fatter.

Terry ………………………………………. To be so thin.

Page 28: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 4: For each question, complete the second sentence so that it

means the same as the first, using no more than three words.

6. Gary was sure his keys were not in his poc00ket.

Gary was sure he ……………………………. his keys.

7. When he was younger David played tennis.

David ………………………………. Tennis when he was younger.

Page 29: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 5: Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use

when and the past perfect.

1. I looked at the new dress. I asked how much it cost.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. I washed and got ready. I went out to meet my friends.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 30: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 5: Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use

when and the past perfect.

3. Anne went on holiday. She saved enough money.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The team finally won the match. They ran round the pitch to

celebrate.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 31: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 5: Combine the two sentences to make one sentence. Use

when and the past perfect.

5. I knew much more about the job. I visited their offices.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. I felt much more independent. I passed my driving test.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 32: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the ‚Past Perfect Tense‛ of the verbs

in brackets.

e.g. After we had finished (finish) our work, we went home.

1. After I ……………………………………………….. (have) a bath, I went to bed.

2. Before he went for a vacation, he ……………………………. (complete)

his assignment

3. When the police arrived, the thief …………………………….. (already

escape).

Page 33: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the ‚Past Perfect Tense‛ of the verbs

in brackets.

4. Everyone left after the movie ………………………………………………. (end).

5. Before my sisters and I went to America, we ……………………….

(never see) snow.

6. After she ……………………………… (hear) the bad news, she rushed

home.

7. It started to rain after we ………………………………………………

(reach) the school.

Page 34: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the ‚Past Perfect Tense‛ of the verbs

in brackets.

8. After the children …………………………………….... (eat) their lunch, they

took a nap.

9. Before we went shopping, we …………………………………………... (go) to

the bank.

10. The show ………………………………….. (already begin) when we got

there.

Page 35: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences into ‚Indirect Speech‛

beginning with the expressions given in brackets.

e.g. ‚I have eaten my breakfast.‛ (He said that…)

He said that he had eaten his breakfast.

1. ‚We went to school by bus.‛ (They said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. ‚I have not locked the gate.‛ (He said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 36: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences into ‚Indirect Speech‛

beginning with the expressions given in brackets.

3. ‚I have read it.‛ (He said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. ‚My sister has gone out.‛ (She said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. ‚I have been to Singapore.‛ (She said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 37: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences into ‚Indirect Speech‛

beginning with the expressions given in brackets.

6. ‚I met an old friend at the church.‛ (She said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

7. ‚I have seen that movie.‛ (He said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. ‚I met an old friend at the church.‛ (She said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 38: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences into ‚Indirect Speech‛

beginning with the expressions given in brackets.

9. ‚The birds have flown away.‛ (They said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. ‚Someone has rung the bell.‛ (They said that…)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 39: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 8: Write out each sentence with the ‚Past Perfect‛ or the

‚Simple Past Tense‛ of the verbs in Brackets.

e.g. After we (have) dinner, we (go) for a walk.

After we had had diner, we went for a walk.

1. We (tell) him that we (not paint) the wall.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. The passengers (get) off after the bus (stop).

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 40: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 8: Write out each sentence with the ‚Past Perfect‛ or the

‚Simple Past Tense‛ of the verbs in Brackets.

3. I (ask) my friend what (happen) to him.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. Before the firemen (arrive), the fire (burn) up the whole building.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 41: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 8: Write out each sentence with the ‚Past Perfect‛ or the

‚Simple Past Tense‛ of the verbs in Brackets.

5. After the manager (interview) Jane , he (employ) her as a

secretary.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. After I (speak) to her, she (agree) to go with me.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 42: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 8: Write out each sentence with the ‚Past Perfect‛ or the

‚Simple Past Tense‛ of the verbs in Brackets.

7. After we (wash) the clothes, we (hang) them out to dry.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

8. He (tear) the letter into pieces after he (read) it.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 43: Past Perfect Tense - digitalschool.club€¦ · Past Perfect Tense Past perfect and past simple We can use the past simple for both verbs, as in 1a) and 2a). Or we can put the event

ENG M.3 Sem. 2

Grammar

4.0

Past Perfect Tense

Exercise 8: Write out each sentence with the ‚Past Perfect‛ or the

‚Simple Past Tense‛ of the verbs in Brackets.

9. Our neighbors (say) that they (buy) a new car.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

10. All the workers (hurry) home after they (finish) their work.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..


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