prepared by mrs sandra tan 1. 2 consequences how did the catholics make their demands?...

Prepared by Mrs Sandra TanPrepared by Mrs Sandra Tan 11

22Prepared by Mrs Sandra TanPrepared by Mrs Sandra Tan

CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

How did the Catholics make their How did the Catholics make their demands?demands?

Effects/consequences of the Effects/consequences of the Protestant-Catholic ConflictProtestant-Catholic Conflict

ConclusionConclusion


19671967

11stst Feb – NICRA (Northern Ireland Civil Feb – NICRA (Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association) formed Rights Association) formed

Formed by a group of well educated Formed by a group of well educated middle class Catholicsmiddle class Catholics

Purpose: protest against discrimination Purpose: protest against discrimination against Catholics using non-violent against Catholics using non-violent methods. methods.


19681968

2424thth August – 1 August – 1stst Civil Rights March held Civil Rights March held Civil rights march gained a lot of publicity Civil rights march gained a lot of publicity

since thensince then

55thth October – Civil Rights March in Derry October – Civil Rights March in Derry Considered by many as the start date of ‘The Considered by many as the start date of ‘The

Troubles’Troubles’ Fighting broke outFighting broke out Protestors were charged at by policemen Protestors were charged at by policemen

holding batonholding baton


19691969

11stst Jan – 4 Jan – 4thth Jan – four day march Jan – four day march On the 4On the 4thth day, the march was ambushed and day, the march was ambushed and

attacked.attacked. Led to serious rioting Led to serious rioting

August – British government sent troops to help August – British government sent troops to help keep order in Northern Irelandkeep order in Northern Ireland1212thth August – 13 August – 13thth August – Battle of Bogside August – Battle of Bogside Led to serious rioting Led to serious rioting Deteriorated into sectarian conflict between Deteriorated into sectarian conflict between

Protestant and Catholic, many Catholics were forced Protestant and Catholic, many Catholics were forced out of their homeout of their home


19711971

99thth August – Internment August – Internment Gave the British Army the power to arrest, interrogate Gave the British Army the power to arrest, interrogate

and detain without trial anyone suspected of being and detain without trial anyone suspected of being involved in any acts to weaken the government.involved in any acts to weaken the government.

British army conducted a serious of raids on homesBritish army conducted a serious of raids on homes During the 9 August 1971 and the early hours of the During the 9 August 1971 and the early hours of the

10 August Northern Ireland experienced the worst 10 August Northern Ireland experienced the worst violence since August 1969. [Over the following days violence since August 1969. [Over the following days thousands of people (estimated at 7,000), the majority thousands of people (estimated at 7,000), the majority of them Catholics, were forced to flee their homes. of them Catholics, were forced to flee their homes. Many Catholic 'refugees' moved to the Republic of Many Catholic 'refugees' moved to the Republic of Ireland, and have never returned to Northern Ireland.]Ireland, and have never returned to Northern Ireland.]


19721972

Before 30Before 30thth Jan – a series of anti-internment rally Jan – a series of anti-internment rally

2222ndnd Jan – anti-internment march. Jan – anti-internment march. As the march neared the internment camp, it was As the march neared the internment camp, it was

stopped by the barbed wire which were used to close stopped by the barbed wire which were used to close off the beach. When it appeared that the marchers off the beach. When it appeared that the marchers were going to go around the wire, the army then fired were going to go around the wire, the army then fired rubber bullets and CS gas at close range into the rubber bullets and CS gas at close range into the crowd. A number of witnesses claimed that the crowd. A number of witnesses claimed that the paratroopers severely beat protesters and had to be paratroopers severely beat protesters and had to be physically restrained by their own officers. physically restrained by their own officers.


19721972

2828thth Jan – NICRA planned for a 2 Jan – NICRA planned for a 2ndnd anti- anti-internment rally march on 30internment rally march on 30thth Jan Jan

3030thth Jan – Bloody Sunday Jan – Bloody Sunday At approximately 4.10pm soldiers began to At approximately 4.10pm soldiers began to

open fire on the marchers. By about 4.40pm open fire on the marchers. By about 4.40pm the shooting ended with 13 people dead and the shooting ended with 13 people dead and a further 13 injured from gunshots. a further 13 injured from gunshots.


BLOODY SUNDAYBLOODY SUNDAY


19721972

22ndnd Feb – funeral Feb – funeral In Dublin, approximately 30,000 - 100,000 In Dublin, approximately 30,000 - 100,000

people turned out to march to the British people turned out to march to the British Embassy. They carried 13 coffins and black Embassy. They carried 13 coffins and black flags. Later a crowd attacked the Embassy flags. Later a crowd attacked the Embassy with stones and bottles, then petrol bombs, with stones and bottles, then petrol bombs, and the building was burnt to the ground.and the building was burnt to the ground.

End of timelineEnd of timeline


From peaceful protest Marches to From peaceful protest Marches to ViolenceViolence

After 1972 : More violenceAfter 1972 : More violence

Catholic homes petrol-bombed by Catholic homes petrol-bombed by ProtestantsProtestants

Families forced to flee; looting by mobsFamilies forced to flee; looting by mobs

Catholic businesses and pubs burnt and Catholic businesses and pubs burnt and bombedbombed

Often witnessed by local police force Often witnessed by local police force passivelypassively

British Army raided Catholic homes, British Army raided Catholic homes, using force and damaging propertyusing force and damaging property


From peaceful protest Marches to From peaceful protest Marches to ViolenceViolence

Feeling more desperate, the Catholics Feeling more desperate, the Catholics turned to the turned to the Irish Republican Army (IRA)Irish Republican Army (IRA) for helpfor help

IRA : An illegal organisation formed largely IRA : An illegal organisation formed largely of Northern Irish Catholicsof Northern Irish Catholics

Aim is to use violence to drive out the Aim is to use violence to drive out the British Army and the representatives of the British Army and the representatives of the British governmentBritish government

Between 1969 and 1993, more than 3,000 Between 1969 and 1993, more than 3,000 people were killed in the conflictpeople were killed in the conflict

IRA responsible for 2/3 of the deathsIRA responsible for 2/3 of the deaths

Sometimes killed innocent Protestants tooSometimes killed innocent Protestants too


Effects of the Protestant-Catholic Effects of the Protestant-Catholic ConflictConflict

Social segregationSocial segregation Protestants and Catholics Protestants and Catholics

segregated socially in the way segregated socially in the way they live, work and playthey live, work and play

Lack of understanding between Lack of understanding between the two groupsthe two groups

Declining economyDeclining economy Discouraged investments in the Discouraged investments in the

countrycountry


Political reformPolitical reform Unfair voting system was abolished in 1969.Unfair voting system was abolished in 1969. Puts pressure on local government to pass Puts pressure on local government to pass

anti-discrimination measuresanti-discrimination measures Government review the schemes for Government review the schemes for

allocating housesallocating houses

Effects of the Protestant-Catholic Effects of the Protestant-Catholic ConflictConflict


Is there any hope for a peaceful Is there any hope for a peaceful Northern Ireland?Northern Ireland?

Late 1990s, Northern Ireland peace Late 1990s, Northern Ireland peace process actively discussed. process actively discussed.

1994 – IRA announed a complete 1994 – IRA announed a complete ceasefire. However, only lasted for 17 ceasefire. However, only lasted for 17 monthsmonths

1998 – Good Friday Peace Agreement1998 – Good Friday Peace Agreement

But peace efforts rejected by IRA which But peace efforts rejected by IRA which responded with a series of bomb attacks. responded with a series of bomb attacks.


CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Sri Lanka and Northern IrelandSri Lanka and Northern Ireland

Important for people of different races and Important for people of different races and religions to live in harmonyreligions to live in harmony

Conflict destroys lives, homes and propertyConflict destroys lives, homes and property

Everyone suffersEveryone suffers

Need to be sensitive to one another’s Need to be sensitive to one another’s needsneeds

Failure to understand and respect other’s Failure to understand and respect other’s rights will harm the country in many waysrights will harm the country in many ways

Weakens development of the countryWeakens development of the country

Provides excuse for stronger neighbours to Provides excuse for stronger neighbours to interfereinterfere


CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Conflicts in Sri Lanka and Northern Conflicts in Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland cannot be resolved overnightIreland cannot be resolved overnight

Consequences of fighting and destruction Consequences of fighting and destruction still existstill exist

Will continue to exist until a solution is Will continue to exist until a solution is arrived atarrived at

prepared by mrs sandra tan 1. 2 consequences how did the catholics make their demands?...

Documents

th day

serious rioting

home slide

republic of ireland

baton slide

homes british army

ukmelaugh slide

serious of raids