PREPARATION FOR:

READING

Why Read?

Reading helps you to not only gain knowledge, but is entertaining as well. Read every day!

Ex: novels, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, etc.

How to be a Great Reader

Use the following techniques to help you understand what you are reading.

Making Connections Activating prior knowledge to

make connections before, during, and after reading

Storing new information with other related memories

Visualizing/Sensory Images Creating pictures in the mind

using all of the senses and emotions

Inferring

Using background knowledge, combined with evidence from the text, to make inferences and draw conclusions

Determining Importance

Identifying the main ideas, what the author considers important, and the theme

Monitoring for Meaning

Using context clues when you come to an unknown word or a confusing part of the text

Skimming and Scanning

Skimming is to glance through something quickly to get an overall picture of what you are reading.

Scanning is looking for facts in a group of words to answer a question, such as a year, name, etc.

Main Idea

The heart of the text or a paragraph.

It is the controlling idea. All the other supporting details in

the text or within a paragraph should tell us more about the main idea.

The Topic Sentence

Many paragraphs have topic sentences that indicate what their about.

The topic sentence is highlighted in this paragraph:

Homeless people have many problems. In winter, it’s hard to stay warm and it gets too hot in summer. It’s also hard to keep things safe without a home. Worst is the lack of privacy.

Supporting Details

Supporting details prove the value of the main idea. What are they here?

Homeless people have many problems. In winter, it’s hard to stay warm and it gets too hot in summer. It’s also hard to keep things safe without a home. Worst is the lack of privacy.

Cause and Effect

What is a CAUSE? It is what makes something

happenExample: The floor was wet...

What is an EFFECT? It is what happens

Example: so I slipped and fell.

Fact or Opinion

A fact is something that is true; it can be proven. Ex: Some species of animals have

become extinct. An opinion is what someone thinks.

Ex: Rap is the best music.

Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms are words that mean the same thing. Ex: cold, freezing, chilly

Antonyms are words that mean the opposite. Ex: hot, cold; young, old

Analogies

A comparison showing how two things relate to each other.

Analogies can show similarities. Ex: edible:digestable::rest:sleep

Analogies can show differences. Ex: hot:cold::wet:dry

Homographs

A word that has the same spelling as another word, but a different meaning.

The two words often have different parts of speech. Ex: contract

con’tract – n. an agreement to do something.

Con tract’- v. to reduce in size or shrink.

Classifying

Placing similar things into categories. Ex: January, February, and March are

classified as months.

Generalization

A statement or rule that applies to many situations or examples. Ex: All children get into trouble at one

time or another.

Types of Reading Materials

Types of Works:

Fiction Non-fiction Myths Poems Fantasies Biographies Autobiographie

s Science fiction

Tall tales Supernatural

tales

Fiction

An invented story

Ex: Peter Pan

Non-fiction

A true story Ex: Abraham

Lincoln: The Prairie Years, The War Years

Myths

A traditional story in a culture passed down from generation to generation.

Ex: Hercules

Poems

A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

Ex: “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe

It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. 

POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY

POET

The poet is the author of the poem.

SPEAKER

The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

POETRY FORM

FORM - the appearance of the words on the page

LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem

STANZA - a group of lines arranged together

A word is deadWhen it is said,

Some say.

I say it justBegins to live

That day

KINDS OF STANZAS

Couplet = a two line stanzaTriplet (Tercet) = a three line

stanzaQuatrain = a four line stanzaQuintet = a five line stanzaSestet (Sextet) = a six line stanzaSeptet = a seven line stanzaOctave = an eight line

stanza

SOUND EFFECTS IN POETRY

RHYTHM

The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem

Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain

METER

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

FREE VERSE POETRY

Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Does NOT have rhyme.

Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.

A more modern type of poetry.

RHYME

Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.

(A word always rhymes with itself.)

LAMPSTAMP

Share the short “a” vowel sound

Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

END RHYME

A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line

Hector the Collector Collected bits of string.

Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.

SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME

The Germ by Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ, Though smaller than the pachyderm.

His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race.

His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases.

Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ.

a

a

b

b

c

c

a

a

ONOMATOPOEIA

Words that imitate the sound they are naming

BUZZ OR sounds that imitate another

sound

“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of

each purple curtain . . .”

ASSONANCE Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or

lines of poetry.

(Often creates near rhyme.)

LakeFate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.)

Examples of ASSONANCE:“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”

-John Masefield

ALLITERATION

Repetition of similar consonant sounds Think of tongue twisters Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled

peppers.

SOME TYPES OF POETRY

LYRIC

A short poem Usually written in first person point

of view Expresses an emotion or an idea or

describes a scene Do not tell a story and are often

musical (Many of the poems we read will be

lyrics.)

HAIKU

A Japanese poem written in three lines

Five SyllablesSeven SyllablesFive Syllables

An old silent pond.

A frog jumps into the pond.

Splash! Silence again.

CINQUAIN

A five line poem containing 22

syllables

Two SyllablesFour SyllablesSix Syllables

Eight SyllablesTwo Syllables

How frailAbove the bulk

Of crashing water hangsAutumnal,

evanescent, wan

The moon.

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

A poem that tells a story. Generally longer than the lyric styles

of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.

Examples of Narrative Poem: “Casey at the Bat”

CONCRETE POEMS

In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem.

PoetryIs like

Flames,Which are

Swift and elusiveDodging realization

Sparks, like words on thePaper, leap and dance in theFlickering firelight. The fiery

Tongues, formless and shiftingShapes, tease the imagination.

Yet for those who see,Through their mind’s

Eye, they burnUp the page.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

SIMILE

A comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.”

“I am as hungry as a horse.”

“You run like a rabbit.”

METAPHOR

A direct comparison of two unlike things

“He is a tornado tearing around the room.”

“The girl was a fish in the water.”

Hyperbole

Exaggeration often used for emphasis.

Idiom

An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says.

Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.

OTHER POETIC DEVICES

SYMBOLISM

When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else.

= America

Allusion

Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”

An allusion is a reference to something famous.

A tunnel walled and overlaidWith dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,And to our own his name we gave.

From “Snowbound”John Greenleaf Whittier

IMAGERY

Language that appeals to the senses. Most images are visual, but they can

also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.

…then with cracked hands that ached

from labor in the weekday weather . . .

from “Those Winter Sundays”

myths, legends and folktales

Storytelling is common to every culture. Many people enjoy listening to stories.

Most people have their own favorite story from childhood. Often, these tales are both fascinating and frightening. These stories include legends, myths and folktales.

What are legends? A legend is a semi-true story, which

has been passed on from person-to-person.

It has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in which it originates.

A legend usually includes an element of truth, but has “mythical qualities.”

Legends usually involve heroic characters .

What are myths? A myth is a story based on tradition or

legend. It has a deep symbolic meaning. Myths are often used to explain

universal beginnings and involve supernatural beings.

The great power of these stories is a major reason why they survive as long as they do - sometimes for thousands of years.

What are folktales? A folktale is a popular story passed on in

spoken form, from one generation to the next.

Usually the author is unknown and there are often many versions of the tale.

Folktales comprise fables, fairy tales, old legends and even “urban legends.”

Some tales may have been based on a partial truth that has been lost or hidden over time. Folk tales are often referred to as Tall Tales.

Folktales / Tall Tales

A tall tale is a story that stretches the imagination through colorful figurative language and exaggerations.

Tall tales are also known as lying tales; they are humorous exaggerations.

Tall tales may come from other countries but we are most familiar with American ones.

Attributes of tall tales

Tall tales are often about the frontier days in the United States. They are an exaggeration of the hardships of frontier life.

Tall tales often feature over-sized people and exaggerated deeds.

Ex: Paul Bunyan and his big blue ox, Babe

A representative of good and evil in characters

Stereotypes e.g. Animals e.g. wolves are bad; rescuers are male

The representative of certain values, wealth= happiness, beauty = happiness

The involvement of supernatural forces, e.g. fairy godmothers, creatures that can talk

Tales are based around themes like trickery and foolishness

Summarizing the outcome of the myth or legend

“But still to this day…” “So every time you see…” These comments sum up how things

came to be.

What makes a hero? A hero is someone who is noticed for

his or her courage or ability. They are admired for brave deeds

and noble qualities.

Why do we read fiction?

Two reasons: enjoyment and understanding.

Two types:

Commercial Fiction- Written primarily to make money; it helps large numbers of people escape the stress of their lives. Examples- legal thrillers, romance novels, fantasy, horror, easy-to-read short stories and New York Times best sellers.

Literary Fiction- Written by someone with serious artistic intentions who hopes to broaden, deepen, and sharpen the reader’s awareness of life. Plunges the reader more deeply into the real world, enabling us to understand life’s difficulties and to empathize with others.

The Elements of Fiction

*Plot and Structure

*Characterization

*Theme

*Setting

*Point of View

*Style

Plot and Structure

Plot- The sequence of incidents or events through which an author constructs a story.

Important elements of Plot:*Conflict- A clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills

Types of Conflict: Person vs. Person, Person vs. Environment, Person vs. Self.

*Protagonist- The main character in a conflict .*Antagonist- Any force , person, etc. that is against

the main character .*Suspense- The quality in a story that makes

readers ask, “What’s going to happen next?”

Plot and Structure (cont.)

Endings-

*Happy Ending- Everything ends well for the main character.

*Unhappy Ending- Life doesn’t always have a pleasant end, which can be seen in literary fiction.

*Indeterminate Ending- No definitive ending is reached. This leaves the reader to think about the many issues raised through the story without being handed a solution.

Characterization

Who a person, or character, is.

Characters are presented in two different ways- directly and indirectly.• Direct Presentation- The reader is told

straight out what the character is like.• Indirect Presentation- The author shows the

character through their actions; the reader determines what the character is like by what they say or do.

• Dramatization- Characters are shown speaking and behaving, as in a play.

Theme

The theme of a piece of fiction is its main idea.

Setting

The setting of a story is its overall context- where, when and in what circumstances the action occurs.

Setting as Place- The physical environment where the story takes place. The description of the environment often points towards its importance.

Setting as Time- Includes time in all of its dimensions. To determine the importance, ask, “what was going on at that time?”

Setting as Cultural Context- Setting also involves the social circumstances of the time and place. Consider historical events and social and political issues of the time.

Effects of Setting- Creates atmosphere, gives insight to characters, and provides connections to other aspects of the story.

Point of View Point of View is simply who is telling the story.

*Ask yourself, “Who is telling the story”, and “How much do they know?”

Omniscient POV- The story is told in third person by a narrator who has unlimited knowledge of events and characters.

Third Person Limited POV- The story is told in third person but from the view point of a character in the story. POV is limited to the character’s perceptions and shows no direct knowledge of what other characters are thinking, feeling, or doing.

First Person POV- The author disappears into one of the characters. Shares the limitations of third person limited. Uses the pronouns “I” and “we”.

Second Person POV- Uses the pronoun “you”. Not used often.

Style Style is the manner in which an author uses

words, constructs sentences, incorporates non-literal expressions, and handles rhythm, timing, and tone.

When asked to discuss style, you are being asked to describe how or explain why the words, sentences, and imaginative comparisons are effective in terms of what is being created.

Transitional Words and Language a passage that connects a topic to

one that follows passage - a section of text; particularly a

section of medium length flashback - a transition to an earlier event

or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story

flash-forward - a transition to a later event or scene that interrupts the normal chronological development of the story

Resource Materials

Encyclopedia

Set of books or CD ROM with general information on many subjects.

Atlas

Collection of maps

Almanac

Contains tables and charts of information and statistics.

Card/computer catalog

Library resource showing books available by author, title, or topic.

dictionary

Contains alphabetical listing of words with their meanings, place of origin, part of speech, pronunciation, etc.

thesaurus

Gives synonyms and antonyms of words

Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature Index of articles in newspapers or

magazines

Telephone Book

Used to look up phone numbers and addresses of people and businesses. Ex: Find the phone number of Dr. Judith

Romano to call the hospital when your little sister is sick.

Recipes

Shows you how to make a specific dish with ingredients by putting the steps in sequential order. Ex: Recipe for Grandma’s Apple Pie.

Menus

Listing of food available from a restaurant, and the main ingredients each dish contains. Ex: Menu at Applebee’s.

Schedules

Listing of classes, events that occur daily in a person’s life. Ex: Your schedule of classes at BSMS.

Order forms

Used to order items needed from a business or company Ex: A teacher ordering paper from

Staples

Audiovisual Resources

Educational videos and movies, etc.

Words- Vocabulary Skills and Spelling

Denotation and Connotation Denotation: dictionary definition of a

word. Ex: stop- to cease, halt, or refrain from

an action.

Connotation: the feeling you get from a word (negative or positive). Ex: tarantula: negative; party: positive

Root/Base Word

A root /base word is one that cannot be broken down any further. Ex: night

Prefixes A prefix is a syllable added to the

beginning of a base word that changes its meaning. Ex: prefix- mid (means “middle”) mid+night = midnight (middle of the

night)

Suffixes

A suffix is a syllable added to the end of a root word that changes its meaning. Ex: suffix –ship (means “the quality of, or

office of”) Friend+ship= friendship (the quality of a

friend)

Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the set of words you can recognize (know ) and understand (meaning).

We should try to enhance our vocabulary every day.

Spelling

The correct way to position letters in a word. Spelling words properly is extremely

important. Be careful! Some words are easily misspelled

or have confusing ending. Remember the rules we have learned this

year!

Writing

Pre-writing

Generating topics and planning before you write.

You can do the following: Draw Cluster Brainstorm Have a discussion Outline

Reading the prompt

Make sure you are writing about what is being asked.

Develop your paper by using great details and description.

Purposes of Writing:

Creative- writing for fun Journalistic- reporting news Essay- answering a question Narrative- telling a story Informative- giving explanations Persuasive- convincing others Descriptive- using your senses to

describe

Audience

Who you are writing for Peers- informal Teachers- formal Employers- very formal

Drafting

Putting your thoughts and ideas together in sentences (at least 5-7 per paragraph) and paragraphs (at least 5).

Editing/Revising

Always check your work! Needs title Correct number or sentences/paragraphs

Introduction, Body, Conclusion Correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation Varied sentences (simple, compound,

complex) Good content Description

Presenting

Publishing your work Final paper Presentation

Grammar “Stuff”

Kinds of Sentences

Declarative: “regular” sentence: I have great teachers at BSMS.

Interrogative: asks a question What are you doing?

Exclamatory: shows excitement That was awesome!

Imperative: gives a command Clean your room.

Subjects

Tells who or what a sentence is about Ex: Marissa won her event in the track meet.

Marissa is the simple subject

Complete subjects are all the words in a subject. Ex: Green sneakers are on sale this week.

Green sneakers is the compound subject (it contains the adjective, or descriptive word of green, as well as the noun sneakers)

Compound Subjects

When a sentence has two or more subjects (nouns). Ex: Parents, relatives, and friends can

attend the concert.

Predicates

Tells what a subject does, is, has, or feels Ex: Marissa won her event in the track

meet. Won is the simple predicate.

Complete predicates are all the words that make up the predicate. Ex: Green sneakers are on sale this week.

Are on sale this week is the complete predicate.

Compound Predicates

When a sentence has two or more predicates (verbs). Ex: Children in the park played and ran.

Capitalization

Capitalize proper nouns, names of written works, family relationships, nationalities, religious terms, etc. Catherine “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” Dad Chinese Jewish

Punctuation

End marks . ! ? (end a sentence) Commas , (separate items in a series) Apostrophes ’ (used in contractions

and to show possession) Colons : (used in lists of items, time) Semicolons ; (separate sentences, etc.) Quotation marks “ ”(shows someone

speaking or emphasizes a poem, song, etc.)

Simple sentence

Contains a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). The dog ran down the street.

Compound sentence

Contains more than one subject and/or more than one verb. The baby bird chirped as loudly as it

could because it was hungry.

Complex sentence

Two sentences combined into one! Conjunctions (joining words like

after, because, since, when, etc.) are used. I was extremely anxious to get started

on my test, because I knew I would ace the exam.

Conjunctions

Joining words Use them to make subjects,

predicates, and sentences compound And- add information

I can swim and dive. Or- to give choice

Does he sail or swim? But- to show contrast

I swim, but Lee sails.

Fragments

Not a sentence! It is missing either a subject or a

verb. Incorrect: About a summer job. Correct: I walk to talk to you about a

summer job.

Run-ons

Two or more sentences joined together without using end marks or other forms of punctuation, like commas. Incorrect: Courtney is a writer Patrick is

one too and they write great stories. Correct: Courtney is a writer, and Patrick

is one too. They write great stories.

Interjections

Words that show feeling. If it stands alone, it needs an

exclamation point at the end. Ouch!

If it begins a sentence, it needs set off by a comma. Whew, they finally scored a touchdown.

Prepositions

A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and some other word in a sentence.

Some prepositions are about, above, around, beside, in, over, through, under, etc. Ex: I went to the football game.

to is the preposition game is the object of the preposition to the football game is the prepositional

phrase

Nouns A word that names a person, place,

thing, or idea. A noun can be made up of more than

one word. Gina (person) read about the history

(idea) of farming tools (thing) in the United States (place).

Common Nouns

Do not name a particular person, place or thing.

They are “common,” or every day nouns Ex: dog, girl, river, state, country, etc.

Proper Nouns Name a specific person, place, thing,

or idea. Begins with a capital letter.

Ex: Rover, Andrea, Ohio River, West Virginia, China

Singular and Plural Nouns A noun that names one person,

place, thing, or idea is singular. Ex: truck, noise, Jane

A noun that names more than one person, place, thing, or idea is plural. Ex: trucks, noises, Janes

Possessive Nouns

Nouns that show ownership or possession.

For singular nouns showing ownership, add an apostrophe and s Pat’s coat – coat owned by Pat

For plural nouns that end in s, add only an apostrophe Students’ papers

For plural nouns that do not end in s, add an apostrophe and s The men’s umbrellas

Pronouns

Take the place of a noun or more than one noun.

Helps us not repeat the same noun over and over. Incorrect: James has never owned a pet,

but James is getting a dog today. Correct: James has never owned a pet,

but he is getting a dog today. Other examples of pronouns: I, you, he,

she, it they, we, etc.

Adjectives Describe, or modify, a noun or

pronoun. Tell what kind, which one, or how

many. Boring: We take trips to New York. Descriptive: We take exciting trips to

fabulous New York.

Articles

Special adjectives- a, an, the. Articles come before a noun or

another adjective. Ex: The ball hit an old shed.

Demonstratives

Adjectives that tell which one. Point out a specific person, place,

thing, or idea. Ex: This book is better than that

magazine. Ex: These stories are more interesting

than those articles.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative You can use adjectives to compare two

people, places, things, or ideas. Ex: Zach is hungrier than I am. Ex: Liza is more generous than her sister.

Superlative You can use adjectives to compare more

than two people, places, things, or ideas. Ex: Matt is the laziest student in the class. Ex: Green beans are Cally’s least favorite

food to eat.

Proper Adjectives

An adjective formed from a proper noun. The endings most used are –an, -ish, and

–ese. Ex: Hawaiian luau, Irish seacoast,

Japanese food

Action Verbs

Main word in a predicate of a sentence.

Tell what the subject does or did. Ex: We walked toward the ocean.

Main Verbs and Helping Verbs A verb that is made up of more than

one verb is called a verb phrase. Ex: I will be going home soon.

Main verbs express action or being in a sentence. Ex: I will be going home soon.

Helping verbs work with the main verb, but do not show action. Ex: I will be going home soon.

Adverbs

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Answers how, where, or when Most end in –ly

How: Anna left quickly. Where: She arrived there. When: Then she returned.

Subject/Verb Agreement

A verb and its subject (noun) must agree in number. Use a singular verb with a singular subject, and use a plural verb with a plural subject. Singular: The boy races. Plural: The boys race.

Research Skills

Parts of a Book

Spine (call number) Cover (Title, Author,

Illustrator) Title Page (Title, etc.) Copyright Page (publisher,

year) Table of Contents (not all

books have) Preface (author comments, not

all books have)

Parts of a Book

Body (main part of the book) Glossary (mini dictionary, not

all books have) Index (alphabetical listing of

all important subjects discussed in the book, not all have)

Title Page

First page of a book Title Author ( or Editor) Illustrator Publisher Place of Publication

The Biography of Abraham Lincoln

By Lisa Barnett

Illustrated by Paul Illustrated by Paul TompkinsTompkins

Kings Chapel Press Kings Chapel Press

Perry, GeorgiaPerry, Georgia

Copyright Page

Back side of Title Page Copyright Date – when the book

was published There can be more than one copyright date

(illustrations)

Edition of Book

Table of Contents

Follows the Title and Copyright pages Chapter Headings (titles of each chapter)

Chapter 1 What is an Ant page 2

Chapter 2 Why Ants Build Nests page 4

Chapter 3 Where Ants Live page 7

Chapter 4 What Ants Eat page 9

What’s a Table of Contents good for? Quick and easy overview of book Gives general idea of what the

book is about

Body or Text

This is the written sections, chapter by chapter.

Bibliography

A bibliography is a list of citations made up of all the sources you consulted in preparation for writing a research paper.

Even if you do not directly quote an item in your research paper, you should still cite it in your bibliography if you used it to gain knowledge you did not previously have.

Index

List of topics or subjects Located in back of the book Alphabetical order Gives very specific information –

details of contents of the book Helps you by:

Putting information in order Reducing the time you hunt for

information

The Glossary

Back of book Alphabetical Order Mini-Dictionary New or difficult words – key words Helps you:

If you do not understand a word in the book

To find definitions and spellings quickly

Types of Organizers

Tables

Character Religion Age Hair color Eye Color

Annemarie Protestant 12 Blonde Blue

Ellen Jewish 12 Brown Brown

Set of data arranged in rows and columns.Can be used to compare/contrast information.

ChartsA graph, table, or sheet of information in the form of a diagram.

Graphs Shows a relationship between two or more sets of numbers or information.

DiagramsA plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works or to clarify the relationship between the parts of a whole.

Performance

Oral Communication Skills Communicating by word of mouth is

extremely important. You must have good communication

skills in order for people to understand you.

Volume

How loudly you speak. Don’t scream, but make sure you talk

loud enough so everyone in the room can hear you.

Rate

The pace at which you talk. Be careful! Don’t speak too quickly, but

don’t talk too slowly either.

What to do when you are speaking Stand still; only make gestures when

it adds to the presentation Be confident Know your content, or subject Speak in chronological order so you

can be understood Keep eye contact with the audience Be prepared for questions

Guest Speaker

A person who visits a group of people and speaks about a certain topic.

Informational Video

A video that is shown in a group setting Gives important information on a topic

Radio/News Program

Radio broadcasts a speaker who talks about certain subjects.

The news gives information on local and global topics.

Audience Etiquette

Being an audience member requires you to do certain things, such as: Be quiet Be respectful Pay attention Do not cause distractions Do not interrupt

Working in a Group

Be patient Be polite Contribute equally Work together Reach a consensus (agreement)