Prelude of the Coming of the

EuropeansApacible, Arellano, Dipasupil, Donato, Peralta

Europe Asia

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Prince Henry, the Navigator

Bartholomew Diaz,1488

Vasco de Gama, 1498

Alfonso de Albuquerque, 1510

Portuguese attack on Malacca

Spain v Portugal

Tome Pires, 1515

Christopher Columbus

Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, 1500

Magellan and other expeditions

Santiago

Concepcion

Trinidad

Victoria

San Antonio

March 16 1521 February 1521

1523- Simeu De Abreu entered the Philippines through the Moluccas and passed through islands listed as Danterminao and Taguina which appear to be Mindano and Basilan

1526-Fernao Lopes de Castenheda

Sebastian Cabot Jofre De Loisa Toribio Antonio De Salazar

1527-Alvaro de Saavedra

1528-Simau De vera

1535 Joao de Canha

1538-Francisco de Castro

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

1546 - Pero Fidalgo

Blood compact of Miguel Lopez with Katunao

PATTERNS OF

COLONIZATION

The colonization of the Philippines by Spain could not be achieved without the help of native allies. The success of Spanish colonization was always attributed by historians to the zeal of the missionaries & the superiority of the Spanish arms. It was also largely due to the practice of the Spanish explorers befriending the local chiefs or Datus.

The willingness of the Spaniards in practicing native traditions aims to achieve the goodwill of the native leaders.

Basically, the colonization of the Philippines was done with the consent of the native leaders.

Sandugo or Blood Compact•A native practice that symbolizes friendship, brotherhood, & equality.

In 1571, a referendum was conducted among the datu families of Manila asking their permission if Spain was to remain in the city to continue safeguarding them against their enemies.

Later on the datus favored the Spanish Presence in Manila which became the walled city of Intramuros.

Rajah Ache / Matanda moved his followers in the outskirts of Intramuros which became Bagumbayan.

The cordiality of Matanda•He was actually Rajah Ache.•In 1521, He was captured by Pigafetta’s group off Borneo.•He was identified as the “King of Luzon.”•In 1571, the Spaniards arrive and he cordially welcomed them.

The cordiality of Matanda•He was the first to recognize Spanish authority and was first to be converted to Christianity.•He was baptized as Don Fernando Malang Balagtas in honor of King Ferdinand of Spain.•He died in 1572.

Rajah Lakandula•He was baptized as Don Carlos Lacandola in honor of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (also known as King Charles I of Spain).•He gave Legazpi 14 pieces of artillery and 12 big jars of gunpowder which help the Spaniards against other oppositions.

To assure the loyalty of the datu class, the Spaniards exempted them and their descendants from taxes, polo or community labor, and other colonial impositions.

Some of them received appointments as local officials and other titles in their ancestral domains such as maestre de campo, capitan de infanteria, sargento mayor, gobernadorcillo, and cabeza de barangay.

Their descendants became the basis of the cacique class who ruled the natives for the Spaniards.

Method of Pacification It was not entirely developed by the colonizers in the islands

but it was in compliance with a Royal Ordinance on Pacification issued in 1573.

The colonizers were to gather information about the various tribes, languages, and divisions of the natives in the provinces and the leaders they obey.

The Spaniards were to seek friendship with the native leaders through trade and barter

Encomiendas Originated from a European feudal practice

to reward deserving conquerors and military leaders and was used reward to individuals who fought in the Spanish reconquista against the Moors.

Given to individuals who had the obligation to settle the area, educate the natives in the Spanish way of life and in the Christian doctrines, and also collect tributes for the King.

Andres Malong of Pangasinan – In 1660, was given an encomienda of 36 tributary families among the natives who were non-Christians and vagabonds in Eastern Pangasinan.

Francisco Tuliau of Cagayan – In 1619, was authorized to subjugate Babuyan, Caruyan, and Bataan Islands for Spain.

Mateo Pilac of Pangasinan – In 1610, helped subjugate the Igorots.

Pedro Tugani – In 1642, was allowed to enjoy the services of 75 tributary families for his years of helping Tingguians in Abra.

Natives who were given Encomiendas:

Repartimiento System Came from the Spanish repartir – to allot or allocate. It was a system of assigning qoutas of exploitable goods,

services, and persons. This allowed the Spaniards to seize the wealth and food of

the conquered natives.

Established cities / villas by the Spaniards : Intramuros (Manila) – established in 1571. Santisimo Nombre de Jesus (Cebu) –

established in 1571. Villa Fernandina (Vigan) – established in 1574. Nueva Caceres (Naga) – established in 1579. Nueva Segovia (Lal-lo) – established in 1582. Arevalo (Iloilo) – established in 1582.

Various religious orders: Augustinians – first to arrive with Legazpi in 1571. They

evangelized the islands of Cebu, Iloilo, Manila, Pangasinan, and the Ilocos Region.

Franciscans – arrived in 1577 and were sent to evangelize the southern Tagalog and the Bicol Region.

Jesuits – arrived in 1583 and were sent to evangelize the eastern Visayas, Cebu, Bohol, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao.

Various religious orders: Dominicans – arrived in 1587; were assigned to Bataan,

Pangasinan, the rest of northern Luzon and Batanes. Recollects – arrived in 1606; were assigned in the northern

Mindanao, Palawan and Zambales. Benedictines – arrived in 1895.

Unity of Church and State King of Spain was designated as the Patronado Real by the

Pope. Bishops were appointed by the King while the Parish Priest

were appointed by the Govenor-General. Colonial Officials could perform certain functions with

regards to the Church while the Church Officials can also perform state functions.

TOBACCO MONOPOLY

FACTORIES

LA GERMINALLA FLOR DE ISABELA

TABACALERA

Cigarreras or cigar rollers

Steam powered milling machine

Manila Railway LineRoute: Manila to

Dagupan

The Economy Under Spain

Monopolies/Rentas Estancadas

Subsidy/Real Situado

The Galleon Trade

The Galleon Trade

The Galleon Trade

The Galleon Trade

Boleta

Nao de Manila

The Galleon Trade

The Galleon Trade

King Charles III

The Opening to World Trade

Governor Hurtado de Corcuera

Governor General Basco

Importation

Philippine Products

Manila Railway Line

Sinibaldo de Mas

The end of 19th century