preliminary study of wolf packs stability based on genetic data · 2020. 5. 19. · maja...
TRANSCRIPT
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Preliminary study of wolf packs stability based on genetic data
Maja Jelenčič, Tomaž Skrbinšek, Peter Trontelj University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Slovenia
SloWolf Project
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Culling of wolves in Slovenia
In 1999 a sustainable management of wolf population started assuming census population size of around 100 specimens Culling of wolves is belived to
• reduce the number of attacks on livestock,
• to limit the spatial expansion of the wolves,
• to reduce illegal hunting due to competition with hunters for ungulates.
0 0
2
0
1
3
2
5 5
11
4
6
11
6
0
9
10 10
14
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 Recorded wolf mortality
*2013 culling not finished yet
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Genetic monitoring of wolves
wolf mortality samples from 2003
non-invasive samples • from 2007 sporadic
samples • from 2010 organized
sampling - SloWolf
wolf telemetry samples from 2007
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PCR
Recognizing individials...
• 10 microsatellites + SRY for individual identification • reference samples:
• 10 additional microsatellites • a set of additional 15 markers + AMEL is being run at the moment (all together 35)
laser and sensor
capillaries
samples
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Parentage/relatedness analysis
Still some errors possible – work in progress! Big potential!
Using program Colony, reasonably stable pedigree structure for 95 animals (July 2011)
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Parentage/relatedness analysis
95 animals; crossed – dead animal; square – male; circle – female
AH.03K724/01/11
AU.0AHC12/07/11
AP.08E315/11/10
AU.0ALU10/07/10
*13NA
#12NA
*9NA
#13NA
*1NA
AP.08CX11/12/10
AH.038A
23/06/11
F0X
16/12/09
AH.03HA
06/05/11
AH.03HX
29/03/11
AL.06H8
28/12/10
AP.08CP
25/01/11
AP.08CK
07/03/11
AU.0ALH
22/10/10
AU.0AMA
26/08/10
AU.0C8L
13/01/09
AP.08E2
12/12/10
AP.08E5
17/01/11
AP.08E7
22/10/10
*6
NA
AU.0AL7
25/06/10
*7
NA
74F
25/02/10
AU.0AEK
06/05/11
EAM
10/11/09
*14
NA
AU.0C1E
10/04/10
*12
NA
AU.0C3M
28/05/10
6LU
11/10/09
74F
25/02/10
#4
NA
532y
14/09/07
AU.0C8M
12/09/07
*3
NA
AU.0AEF
29/06/11
*18
NA
*12
NA
#10
NA
*15
NA
*18
NA
#16
NA
*19
NA
*12
NA
399y
04/11/06
414y
11/09/06
534y
25/10/07
AU.0AKK
03/09/10
54E
25/02/10
AU.0APF
25/01/11
AU.0C0X
08/02/11
AU.0AXP
31/12/10
AU.0C0M
19/02/11
AU.0C4X
08/01/11
AP.08E8
21/10/10
AU.0C46
23/11/10
C0H
07/11/09
438y
21/12/06
528y
03/08/07
TINA
01/09/07
052y
26/07/03
AH.03HM
29/03/11
AU.0C70
01/04/10
*5
NA
AU.0AJ0
08/06/11
AU.0AME
22/08/10
AU.0AJ7
10/06/11
AH.03M1
22/06/10
AU.0AEF
29/06/11
AL.06H1
21/12/10
AU.0C4P
29/12/10
703y
24/01/09
702y
22/01/09
AP.08E6
12/01/11
AH.03HT
11/03/11
AU.0C5F
29/11/10
CY.12EL
03/06/10
AU.0C58
26/11/10
AU.0C6C
01/04/10
CE.0JPU
20/10/10
AH.038C
17/07/11
Red – “caught” reproductive animals;
Yellow– “unknown” reproductive animals (that can also be form Croatia or Bosnia and are parents of wolf sampled in Slovenia).
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Parentage of wolves in Kočevska – Gorski Kotar area
• Arrows go from parents to their off-springs
mother AU.0ALU and her daughter AU.0AL7
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Parentage of wolves in Kočevska – Gorski Kotar area
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In most of the packs wolves have more than one partner - high mortality in the population!
Parentage of wolves in Kočevska – Gorski Kotar area
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Pack Gomance
Non-invasive M Non-invasive F
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Pack Gomance
hit by a train at Most na Soči
legally killed, 47 kg
female, mating (new pack in Javorniki area)
legally killed
Non-invasive M Non-invasive F
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Pack Gomance
hit by a train at Most na Soči
legally killed, 47 kg
female, mating (new pack in Javorniki area)
legally killed
Non-invasive M Non-invasive F
AP.08E3
15/11/10
AU.0ALU
10/07/10
*13
NA
AP.08CK
07/03/11
AU.0ALH
22/10/10
AU.0AMA
26/08/10
AU.0C8L
13/01/09
AP.08E2
12/12/10
AP.08E5
17/01/11
AP.08E7
22/10/10
AU.0AL7
25/06/10
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Pack Gomance
hit by a train at Most na Soči
legally killed, 47 kg
female, mating (new pack in Javorniki area)
legally killed
Non-invasive M Non-invasive F
AP.08E3
15/11/10
AU.0ALU
10/07/10
*13
NA
AP.08CK
07/03/11
AU.0ALH
22/10/10
AU.0AMA
26/08/10
AU.0C8L
13/01/09
AP.08E2
12/12/10
AP.08E5
17/01/11
AP.08E7
22/10/10
AU.0AL7
25/06/10
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Menišija plateau – young female Tina (2007, again 2010)
Captured at Javorniki plateau (2007), dispersion to Lj. Barje and Menišija plateau (2008).
scat from 20. 3. 2010 - the last information about Tina
Tvigi – killed in traffic 7.3.2011
male
??
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Conclusions
For known animals 28 reproduction/mating events were genetically recorded.
In 35,7 % mating events an individual had 2 or 3 partners.
Heavy persecution and loss of reproductive animals make a typical reproductive animal change several partners during its lifetime.
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Although it seems that a wolf population can numerically compensate a considerable culling pressure, the impact on the social structure is high. This should be taken into account in populations where culling is used as a conservation and regulation measure.
Conclusions
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The project is funded by The European Union under the LIFE + program and by The Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment .