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The Power-Up Science Series is based on the science curriculum framework in Singapore, and it meets the standards and competencies prescribed in the K to 12 Science Curriculum by the Department of Education. This series is designed to help pupils acquire scientific knowledge and understanding, and develop skills, values, and attitudes through inquiry-based learning.

This series makes science learning meaningful with the use of colorful and engaging visuals as well as age-appropriate language.

This series also makes science learning easy with the help of the following features:

Unit Opener presents the general idea contained in the unit. This allows the pupils to have a perspective of what the unit is about.

Learning Goal sets the learning objective of each lesson.

Explore is designed to access the pupils’ prior knowledge. This makes learning inductive.

Science Bank presents information that enriches pupils’ knowledge and understanding of the concepts in focus.

Science at Work enables pupils to explore, discover, and acquire knowledge and skills through simple yet stimulating exercises that they can do at home. This makes learning experiential.

Preface

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Looking Over allows the pupils to review the concepts presented in the lesson.

Enhance Your Skills contains exercises designed to further develop the pupils’ science skills.

Everyday Science offers simple and practical application of science concepts to the pupils’ real-life experience. This makes the pupils see and appreciate the meaning and use of science in their daily lives.

Linking Together presents a visual summary of the science concepts presented in the chapter. This helps the pupils remember the concepts that they have learned.

Chapter Test allows the pupils to evaluate their understanding and mastery of science concepts and processes.

Making Connections presents knowledge and issues, and relates them to the role of science in daily life, society, and the environment.

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Table of Contents

Unit 1 You and Your Surroundings

Chapter 1 Living Things and Nonliving Things

Lesson 1 Characteristics of Living Things 2

Lesson 2 Nonliving Things 14

Linking Together 21

Chapter Test 22

Making Connections 24

Chapter 2 Your Body

Lesson 1 Your Sense Organs 26

Lesson 2 Sense Organs That Work Together 58

Lesson 3 The Basic Needs of Your Body 64

Lesson 4 Changes as You Grow 71

Lesson 5 Keep Your Body Healthy and Strong 77

Linking Together 89

Chapter Test 90

Making Connections 92

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Chapter 3 Animals around You

Lesson 1 Characteristics of Animals 94

Lesson 2 Where Animals Live 107

Lesson 3 Useful and Harmful Animals 123

Lesson 4 Taking Care of Animals 129

Linking Together 133

Chapter Test 134

Making Connections 136

Chapter 4 Plants around You

Lesson 1 Characteristics of Plants 138

Lesson 2 Where Plants Grow 146

Lesson 3 Parts of a Plant 153

Lesson 4 Uses of Plants 164

Lesson 5 Taking Care of Plants 170

Linking Together 176

Chapter Test 177

Making Connections 179

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Unit 2 Materials around You

Chapter 5 Matter

Lesson 1 What Is Matter? 182

Lesson 2 Forms of Matter 192

Linking Together 200

Chapter Test 201

Making Connections 203

Unit 3 Motion, Force, and Energy

Chapter 6 Force and Motion

Lesson 1 What Is Force? 206

Lesson 2 Moving Objects 210

Linking Together 213

Chapter Test 214

Making Connections 216

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Chapter 7 Light

Lesson 1 Sources of Light 218

Lesson 2 Uses of Light 223

Linking Together 227

Chapter Test 228

Making Connections 230

Chapter 8 Sound

Lesson 1 Producing Sounds 232

Lesson 2 Kinds of Sound 238

Linking Together 242

Chapter Test 243

Making Connections 245

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Unit 4 About the Weather

Chapter 9 Weather

Lesson 1 What Is Weather? 248

Lesson 2 How Does the Weather

Affect You? 253

Linking Together 260

Chapter Test 261

Making Connections 263

You and Your SurroundingsExplore the world around you through your senses. Know the parts of your sense organs as you understand how they work.

Discover the world of animals and plants. Find out their characteristics and the places they live. Know their needs so you would know how to take care of them.

This unit will guide you through your journey in science.

UNIT1

1

Living Things and Nonliving ThingsCHAPTER 1

There are many things around you. Some of the things around you are alive. Some are not alive.

Can you tell which things are alive and which are not?

2 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Learning GoalKnow the characteristics of living things.

Some of the things around you are alive. Things that are alive are called living things.

It is time to know more about living things.

Explore!

What can living things do?

Characteristics of Living Things1

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 3

Living things need food, water, and air.

People and animals need food.

A child like you needs food. Your dog needs food.

Food gives people and animals energy. People and animals need that energy to do many activities.

You and your dog need energy to play.

People, animals, and plants need water to stay alive. What happens to a plant if you do not water it?

ScienceBank

Plants can make their food using sunlight, water, and air.

You need water to stay alive.

The plants in your garden need water to stay alive.

4 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Living things move by themselves.

People and animals move from one place to another. They move in different ways. They can walk, run, fly, and crawl from place to place.

Children like you can walk from home to school.

Your dog can run with you.

People, animals, and plants need air to stay alive.

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 5

Plants also move. However, they cannot move around like people and animals. They can only move their roots, stems, leaves, and flowers slowly.

A bird can fly from place to place.

A worm can crawl from place to place.

A mimosa plant closes its leaves when touched.

Sunflowers follow the movement of the sun from east to west.

6 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Living things grow.

People, animals, and plants change size, shape, and appearance as they grow. They become bigger and taller.

A puppy becomes bigger and taller as it grows into a dog.

A baby becomes bigger and taller as he grows into a boy.

The young plant inside a seed becomes bigger and taller as it grows.

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 7

A tadpole changes shape and appearance as it grows into a frog.

People give birth to their young. A cat gives birth to its young.

Living things reproduce.

This means that living things can have young. People and some animals give birth to their young alive.

adult frogtadpole tadpole with legseggs young frog

A turtle lays its eggs.A chicken lays eggs.

Other animals lay eggs. The eggs hatch into young animals.

8 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Some plants make seeds. These seeds when planted can grow into new plants.

Inside a seed is a young plant. The young plant is called an embryo.

stored food

seed coat

embryo

Other plants make new plants using their parts like roots, stems, and leaves.

A potato has buds that can grow into new plants.

The leaves of the African violet can be used to grow new plants.

young plant

buds

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 9

Living things react to changes in their surroundings.

Your surroundings change from time to time. The changes that happen are called stimuli. They affect how you and other living things behave.

How did the boy in the picture react to the hot pan? How did he react to the loud sound?

The boy moves his hands away from the hot pan.

The boy covers his ears when the firecrackers make a loud noise.

10 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Scie

nce

at Work

What You Need• four paper or plastic cups• eight monggo seeds

What You Need to Do1 Label the cups A, B, C, and D.

A B C D

2 Put two monggo seeds in each cup. 3 Put some soil and water in cup A. Then, place the

cup in a sunlit room.4 Put some water in cup B. Then, place the cup

beside cup A.5 Put some soil and water in cup C. Then, place the

cup in the shade.6 Put some soil in cup D. Then, place the cup

among cups A and B.

What do plants need to grow?

• soil• water

Water Sunlight Soil

Water Sunlight Soil

Water Sunlight Soil

Water Sunlight Soil

A B C D

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 11

7 Check the seed in each cup every day for a week.

8 Draw what you will see in each cup after a week.

Questions

Check the box/es of the correct answer/s.1 In which cup did the seeds grow the tallest?

cup A

cup B

cup C

cup D 2 What are the things that plants need to grow

and stay alive?

soil

water

sunlight

A B C D

12 UNIT 1 • You and Your Surroundings

Living things are alive.

Living things need food, water, and air to stay alive.

Plants can move from place to place.

Living things change in size, shape, and appearance when they grow.

Living things are not affected by the changes in the environment.

Enhan

ce

Your Skills A Check the box beside each correct sentence. Cross out the box

beside each incorrect sentence.

• Things that are alive are called living things.

• People, animals and plants are living things.

• Living things need food, water, and air.

• Living things grow.

• Living things reproduce.

• Living things move by themselves.

• Living things react to changes in their surroundings.

Loo

king

Over

CHAPTER 1 • Living Things and Nonliving Things 13

Can a living thing stay alive by just eating and breathing? Check the box of your answer.

Everyd

ay

Science

B Which living things will stay alive? Check the box below the picture.

Yes No