pre-defense communication check
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Pre-defense communication checkTRANSCRIPT
Project A.3 (ongoing)
Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
RB2C Project 2008-2009
RB2C supplement
Background
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Need of available and affordable constituents (matrix and fibers)
Need to provide alternative environmentally-benign structural systems for strengthening, consisting of natural and synthetic materials (NSF SMM program)
Relevance of minimizing release of toxic fumes under fire
Relevance of devising reversible systems: applications on historic buildings
Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
SustainabilitySustainability
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High and Low Fiber sheet Density: wettability
Literature has shown this architecture type to be a viable option
Two part acrylic-modified Portland cement based matrix
Hydraulic cement-based matrix, high water retention, extreme fine aggregate, paste rich
Experimental program: overview
Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
Pure axial tensile tests of composite laminates for the characterization of the FRC composite are under way.
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
Matrix Fiber PliesNumber of Specimens
Hydraulic Glass 1 3 Hydraulic Basalt 1 3 Acrylic Glass 1 3 Acrylic Basalt 1 3 Hydraulic Glass 2 3 Hydraulic Basalt 2 3 Acrylic Glass 2 3 Acrylic Basalt 2 3 Hydraulic Glass 4 3 Hydraulic Basalt 4 3 Acrylic Glass 4 3 Acrylic Basalt 4 3
Experimental program
Environmental impact analysis
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
Environmental impact analysis of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cementitious-Matrix composite as green building construction rehabilitation system:
High degree of chemical and mechanical compatibility Recyclable composite Non-flammable matrix and high thermal stability Non toxic, water based product Natural based components: fibers and matrix Ease of handling and safety
VOC emissions via small environmental test
chamber (ASTM D5116)
Estimate of carbon footprint and Life Cycle Assessment
(ASTM E 1991)
BFRC Results: Environmental impact analysis
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Green building construction rehabilitation system:BFRC emits 130% less ppm of VOCs, than its counter part GFRP
Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
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20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
0 50 100 150 200
Conce
ntr
atio
n (ppm
)
Time (min)
BFRC
GFRP
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
BFRC uses 87% less energy in MJ/kg to be produced and applied than GFRP.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
BFRC
GFRP fibers
fibers
primer matrix
matrix
BFRC Results: Environmental impact analysis
Amount of energy required to manufacture, apply and dispose the composite strengthening system in terms of Mega joules per kilogram (MJ/kg):
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
BFRC releases 77% less carbon in kgCO2/kg than the traditionally used GFRP.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
BFRC
GFRP fibers
fibers
primer matrix
matrix
BFRC Results: Environmental impact analysis
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): ASTM E 1991Determine which strengthening system, per unit kilogram, had the least effect on human health and the environment, as per the carbon released (kgCO2/kg):.
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
BFRC Results: Environmental impact analysis
BFRC can be implemented as a sustainable strengthening composite system, developing the implementation of green building construction
rehabilitation systems.
Provides added fire protection, without added cost of material systems.
Reduces hazard to workers during application due to low emittance of Volatile Organic Compounds.
Less embodied energy, lower system costs: during application and disposal (no primer needed).
Implements readily available natural materials. Reversibility is achieved making it possible to
inspect/replace structures. Recyclable materials, easy of waste material.
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Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
(Open parenthesis:Industry relevance to LEED
LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings, a Green Building Rating System.
MATERIALS & RESOURCES:MATERIALS & RESOURCES:Credit 3.1 & 3.2: Credit 3.1 & 3.2: Optimize use of IAQ compliant productsOptimize use of IAQ compliant productsMATERIALS & RESOURCES:MATERIALS & RESOURCES:Credit 3.1 & 3.2: Credit 3.1 & 3.2: Optimize use of IAQ compliant productsOptimize use of IAQ compliant products
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:Prerequisite 4: Prerequisite 4: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) RemovalPolychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) RemovalCredit 3: Credit 3: Construction IAQ Management planConstruction IAQ Management plan
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:Prerequisite 4: Prerequisite 4: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) RemovalPolychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) RemovalCredit 3: Credit 3: Construction IAQ Management planConstruction IAQ Management plan
INNOVATION IN UPGRADES:INNOVATION IN UPGRADES:Credits 1 – 4: Credits 1 – 4: Innovation in upgrade, operations and Innovation in upgrade, operations and MaintenanceMaintenance
INNOVATION IN UPGRADES:INNOVATION IN UPGRADES:Credits 1 – 4: Credits 1 – 4: Innovation in upgrade, operations and Innovation in upgrade, operations and MaintenanceMaintenance
Total: 1 prerequisite + 7 credits …close parenthesis)
Fabio Matta, PhDResearch Assistant ProfessorCivil, Arch. & Environ. Engr.
Antonio Nanni, PhD, PEProfessor and Chair
Civil, Arch. & Environ. [email protected]
Francisco J. De Caso y BasaloGraduate Research Assistant
Civil, Architectural & Environmental [email protected]
ChK Group, Inc.
Coforce
Contacts
Project B.3 | Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix composites for infrastructure rehabilitation
NSF I/UCRC RB2C Fall 2008 Plenary Meeting | St. Louis, MO | November 2, 2008
Jaqueline James, PhD, PEAssistant Professor
Civil, Arch. & Environ. [email protected]
Project X.X (new)
ICE methodology: Investigation of Circumferential-strain Experiment methodology
RB2C Project 2008-2009
RB2C supplement
Introduction: ICE Methodology
Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Use of ice expansion, to apply an internal hydrostatic pressure to cylindrical based samples for the characterization of these materials.
Current tensile characterization values of circumferential composite jackets, do not correspond to experimental results in the hoop direction.
Direct tensile tests provide an upper bound value. This experimental methodology aims at determining a lower bound (ie
safer) approach to the characterization of materials applied cylindrically.
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fl
FRP jacket
ffe
Concrete column
fl
fl
P
VS
Background: Use of ice expansion as load
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Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Ice, complex material: at least 12 different forms of ice. Varies stage of matter with temperature and pressure. Expands by approximately 9% due to its “open”
crystalline structure. The ice structure is completely hydrogen bonded. 29,000 psi (200MPa) maximum potential exertion
pressure of normal ice (Ih).
Ordinary ice: Ice 1
hexagonal
Experimental Method: Use of ice expansion as load
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Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Homogenous formation of ice crystals =
Hydrostatic pressure
A. Mixing water with a colloid: chemical mixture where one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another (such as milk):
100 % milk100 % water
B. Appling a constant vibration to the specimen while freezing, reduces the tendency of isolated crystal growth.
- 15ºC- 15ºC 5ºF5ºF
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Experimental Setup
Objective: to develop a simple, practical, repetitive and cost effective test method to determine true hoop strain.
Data validation: testing direct tensile samples at same environmental conditions.
Bolts
Constraining-end platesBarsThermocoupleSample (metal can)Strain GaugesWater-IceGroove with O-Ring
Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Diameter, D Thickness, tBond
Length
(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in/mm)
2.5 63.5 0.0075 0.1905 Y Constant2.5 63.5 0.0075 0.1905 N Constant2.5 63.5 0.015 0.381 Y Constant2.5 63.5 0.015 0.381 N Constant4 101.6 0.0075 0.1905 Y Constant4 101.6 0.0075 0.1905 N Constant4 101.6 0.015 0.381 Y Constant4 101.6 0.015 0.381 N Constant
Experimental Method: Feasibility of ice expansion as load
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Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Strain distribution: As expected maximum strain was experienced at the centre, and symmetric strain at opposite ends.
Peak strain of 7500 εμ (0.75%)
L
L/2L/4
L/4
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (Hrs)
Str
ain
(εμ)
Experimental Method: Feasibility of ice expansion as load
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Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
Deformation: By making an initial assumption where the can deflects as a fixed end beam, its deformation is similar.
Results of Feasibility of ice expansion as load
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Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology
The ICE methodology successfully applied internal pressure to cylindrical samples. Dislocation planes of yielded steel can are clearly visible
Data validation is the next step to correlate peak strains.
Fabio Matta, PhDResearch Assistant ProfessorCivil, Arch. & Environ. Engr.
Antonio Nanni, PhD, PEProfessor and Chair
Civil, Arch. & Environ. [email protected]
Francisco J. De Caso y BasaloGraduate Research Assistant
Civil, Architectural & Environmental [email protected]
ChK Group, Inc.
Coforce
Contacts
NSF I/UCRC RB2C Spring 2009 Plenary Meeting | ???????? | June, 2009
Project X.X | “ICE” Methodology – Investigation of Circumferential Strain experiment Methodology