pravin sugercane ppt..final

7/29/2019 Pravin Sugercane Ppt..Final

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“Cultivation practicas of sugercane &soybean crop.”

Presentation

on

Submitted by :CHAVAN PRAVIN KHADERAO

MBA(IAB),IABMI,AAU, ANAND

Submitted to:EXPORT TRADING GROUP



Sugarcane

Botanical name: Saccharum officinarum ,

Order: Pales

Family: Poaceae

Subfamily: Panicoideae

Tribe: AndropogoneaeGenus: Saccharum

Origin of S.officinarum - Indo-Myanmar, China New

Guinea.



World scenario

• Currently, 69% of the world's sugar is consumed in its country of

origin, while the rest is traded on international markets.

• 25% is traded internationally with the top three sugar exportingcountries Brazil, Thailand and Australia account for almost 50% of

world exports.

• More than 50% of world ethanol production stems from sugar.

Producing ethanol from sugar is more efficient than producing

ethanol from corn.

• Brazil is the leader in this production process, using 60% of itssugar canes for ethanol.



Sugarcane In The world Production (2011)

Source :FAO 2010-11



India scenario of sugar industry

• India grows sugar in 19 out of its 31 states. The industry size in terms of

capital is more than Rs. 40,000 crore.

• Almost 50 million people depend on sugar industry for its livelihood. There

are a total of 651 mills (as estimated in 2009-10) out of which 62 are public,269 are privately owned and 320 are cooperatives.

• Some fact & figure:

Area under Sugarcane: 3,329,000 hectares

Average capacity of factory : 3500 Ton Per Day

Molasses Production : 6,500,000 MT aboveMolasses Percentage : 4.4%

Per capita Consumption of Sugar : 20 Kg

Per capita Consumption of Jaggery : 5Kg

The Total Cane Production:

12% will go in to Seed purpose and 5% goes to Chewing and Juicemanufacturing.

25-30% will go in to Khandasari and Jaggery Production.

Only 60% is being used for Sugar production



District profile

• Kolhapur Region Information

• 1. Crushing Season:- 2010-2011 • 2. Number of Sugar Factories

• Total Installed:- 37

In Operation:- (a) Co-operative - 31

(b) Private - 4

• 3. Crushing Capacity ('000 TCD):- 115.450

• 4. Sugarcane Crushed ('000 tons):- 19556.216

• 5. Sugar Produced ('000 tons):- 2361.750

• 6. Recovery % Cane:- 12.09



• Soil management:

A) Suitability of soil :

I. Medium to fine textured, deep (depth > 1 m), rich in organic matter

status,

II. well drained, having pH between 6.5 to 8.0 are ideal for sugarcane

crop.

III. Growing sugarcane on coarse textured, shallow soils will result in

poor yield

B) Preparatory tillage:

I. deep ploughing by iron mould board plough drawn by bullocks ortractor

I. Before last harrowing, recommended dose of organic manure is

applied and mixed well with soil

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF SUGERCANE



• Planting Time

Planting Harvesting

Seasonal (December to 15

February)

February to April

Pre-seasonal ( 15 October to15 November) October to January

Adsali (July – August) October to January

Ratoon (Ratoon of caneharvested during October

to February)

November to April (dependingupon maturity



Varieties for planting

Variety Characteristics

CO 86032. Resistant to smut and grassy shoot

diseases, good ratooner, can sustain

water stress, non-flowering

CoC 671 Early maturity, moderately susceptible tosmut, grassy shoot and stem borer.

CO 94012

Resistant to smut and stem borer, good

ratooner, low flowering, high sugar

recovery.



Seed selection & seed rate

I. Sugarcane is propagated by cutting or selection of the stalks called

sets.

They Set should be: Fresh & juicy

Age should be of 9 to 10 months.

Eye buds should be fully developed.

II. Single, two and three eye bud methods of planting are in practice

• About 25,000 two eye budded sets will be required to plant one

hectare area.



Method of planting

I. Dry method of planting should be followed. Sets should be placed 5to 7.5 cm deep into soil.

II. Care should be taken to place eye buds on side and covered.

I. with thin layer of soil and then irrigation should be given to the field.



Soil type Method of

irrigation

Type Furrow

spacing

Method of

placement

of set

Spacing

between

two sets

Coarse to

medium

textured soils

surface 90cm Parallel to

furrow

22.5cm

Fine textured

soils

Surface 150 cm Across the 22.52cm

Spacing



• Seed treatment

• Sets should be dipped in 0.1% solution of Bavistin (10 g Bavistin in 10

litres of water) or Bayleton (0.05%) (5 g Bayleton in 10 litres of water) for

10 to 15 minutes.

• To increase biological nitrogen fixation and solubility of phosphatic

fertilizers,setts should be treated with Azatobacter and Phosphate

solubilising inoculants. For one hectare area, dissolve 10 kg Azatobacter

and 10 kg Psolubilising inoculant in 100 litres of water and dip sets for10 – 15 minutes and then do planting after drying them in shade.



Nutrient management

A) Organic manures:• Organic manures @ 20 to 25 tonnes/ha(Farm Yard

Manure/Compost/Dung Manure.)• Sugarcane trash can be used as a mulch and sprayed with 80 kg urea, 100

kg Single Super Phosphate and 10 kg decomposing culture/ha for better

decomposition

• Crops like sannhemp and dhaincha are grown as green manure crop.

An age of 1.5 to 2 months (before flowering) followed by sugarcane crop. These can also be grown along with sugarcane by sowing in rows in

between two rows of sugarcane and burring in soil at the time of earthing

up.

• On an average, 20 tonnes of green matter and 90 kg nitrogen is added by

growing green manure crop.



B)Fertilizer application

Time of

application

Adsali Pre-seasonal Suru

N P K N P K N P K

At planting 50 100 100 40 85 85 35 70 70

6-8 weeks

after

planting

200 - - 160 - - 140 - -

12-16

weeks after

planting

50 - - 40 - - 35 - -

At earthing 200 100 100 160 85 85 140 70 70

Total 500 200 200 400 170 170 350 140 140

N:P:K kg/ ha.



• In soils deficient with micro nutrients like iron, zinc, manganese,copper,

molybdenum and boron, in addition to above fertilizers.

25 kg Ferrous Sulphate,

20 kg Zinc Sulphate,

10 kg Manganese Sulphate,

10 kg Copper Sulphate

2.5 kg, Sodium Molybdate and 5 kg Borax

• Micro nutrient fertilizers should be mixed with well decomposed

dung manure or compost and applied as basal dose.



Different growth stages

Germination 15 to 30 day after planting

Tillering 50 to 120 days

Grand growth phase 121to 210 days

Maturity 210 to 365 days



Irrigation Water Management

Germination phase (0 - 35 days):

• Provide shallow wetting with 2 to 3 cm depth of water at shorter intervals

especially for sandy soil for enhancing the germination.

• Sprinkler irrigation is the suitable method to satisfy the requirement,

during initial stages.

The irrigation intervals in each phase are given below:

Stages Day of irrigation interval

Sandy soil Clay soil

Tillering phase (35-

100 days)

8 10

Grand growt phase

(101-270 days)

8 10

Maturity phase

(271- harvest)

10 14



Intercultural and Weed Control

• One to two hand weeding and one hoeing are given within 6 – 8

weeks after planting by which time first top dressing of nitrogenfertilizer is given. Before next nitrogen fertilizer application (12 –

16 weeks after planting), one more hand weeding followed by

hoeing is usually necessary.

• By this time, first light earthing up takes place. Later on till final

earthing up, one hoeing is again usually necessary.

• Chemical control:

Spraying of Atrazine @ 2 kg a.i./ha at pre emergence and 2,4-Dsodium salt @ 1 kg a.i./ha at post emergence (8 to 10 weeks after

planting) control weeds effectively.



Integrated Pest and Disease Management

A) Integrated pest managementI. Stem borer

Late planting of seasonal cane after February should be avoided.

Removal of dead hearts and destruction of larvae with cycle spoke in

small areas is feasible.

Soil application of 6 G lindane (16.6 kg/ha) or 4:4 G Sevidol (25kg/ha)15

days after planting gives satisfactory control.

II. Woolly aphid

woolly aphid feed on sugarcane by inserting their stylets through the

stomata of the plants leaves. Both nymphs and adults suck the cell sap

from lower surface of leaves. They suck the sap from phloem.

Foliar application of dimethoate 30 EC @ 0.05%, metasystox 25 EC @

0.04%, acephate 75 SP @ 0.1% and endosulphan 35 EC @0.05%.

III. White grub

Deep ploughing.

Soil application of 10 G Phorate @ 25 kg/ha or 2% Methyl

parathion dust @ 100 kg/ha.



B) Integrated disease management

I. Whip smut :

Sett treatment with hot water treatment in combination with

Bavistin 10 g or Bayleton 5 g, in 10 litres of water for 10 to 15

minutes.

Rouging and burning of affected clumps .

II. Grassy shoot disease

Hot water treatment or moist air treatment followed by dipping

of setts in Streptocycline or Tetracycline 1 g, in 10 litres of

water for 10-15 minutes.

III.Red rot

The observable eye spot symptoms are minute, water soaked

spots that occur on younger leaves. The spots become moreelongated, resembling the shape of the eye and turns almost

straw colored in a few days.

Control measure : Foliar application 0.2% copper oxychloride

or 0.3% Mancozeb with 2 to 3 sprayings at an interval of 10 to

15 days.



Maturity and HarvestingCane should be harvested only when it is mature. Practical tests to judge

maturity are

(a) general yellowish color of whole crop

(b) cessation of growth

(c) swelling of eye buds

(d) metallic sound of cane

(e) breaking of cane at the nodes and

(f) Brix saccharometer reading between 21 and 24.

• Irrigation should be withheld for about 10 to 15 days prior to

harvesting.

• The cane should be crushed within 24 hours to get high recovery.



Yield

Average yield of suru 100 t/ha

Av. Yield pre-seasonal

crop

125 t/ha

Av. Yield adsali 150 t/ha.

C t f lti ti



Cost of cultivationItem Cost (Rs)

Land preparation 4000

Seed 6000

Manure & fertilizer 15000

Irrigation 4000

Labour (weeding + sowing) 3000

Earthing up 2000

Other 3000

Total 37000

Yield – 55 tones

Selling price- 2500/tones

Total production – 55*2500

101500

Gross income = 101500-37000

64500/-

B:C ratio =2.74

(Per acre)



Soybean

• Botanical name – Glycine max

• Family – leguminosae

• Sub family- papilionoideae

• Origin- northern provinces of china & manchuria.



IMPORTANCE OF SOYBEAN

• Protein

soybean is the cheapest source of vegetable protein.

Soybean with its 40% protein & 20% oil holds great promise in meetingthis need.

The protein quality of soybean is equivalent to that in meat ,milk

product & eggs.

• As oil & Meal

soybean is worlds first rank crop as as source of vegetable oil.about 5 million tonnes of edible oil at the cost of Rs. 1000 crores in foreign exchange

is being imported.

• Agronomic & Economic significance:

soybean is able to leave residual N effect for succeeding crop equivalent to 35-40 Kg

N/ha.

soybean can work as good intercrop.



World production of soybean



State wise production (2011)

State Production lakh tones

Madhya Pradesh 55

Maharashtra 35

Rajasthan 10

Andhra Pradesh 1.60

Karnataka 2.40

Gujarat 1.50



Agronomic management

• Land preparation & crop establishment

one deep ploughing or disking followed by 2 harrowing.

• Time of sowing

June last week to first week of July.

• Planting pattern:

Row to row – 45cm

Plant to plant – 7-10cm

• Depth of plantingseed depth – 2.4 to 4.0 cm



• Seed rate & varieties

seed rate – 70- 80 kg/ha.

plant population – 0.4 million.(recommended)

Varieties

Ankur, JS 335, JS 2, Gaurav, MACS 13, JS 75-46.

• Seed treatment with fungicides

Treat the seeds with Carbendezim or Thiram @ 2g/kg of seed24hrs before sowing or with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @

4 g/kg seed (or) Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed.

First treat the seeds with biocontrol agents and then with

Rhizobium.



• Why fertilizer application necessary?

• Nitrogen

N deficiency in soybean crop is manifested by pale green or yellow

leaves.• Phosphorus

major role of in ATP-synthesis & metabolic process.

nodule development & N2 fixation.

• Potassiumfor carbohydrate & nodule development

it regulate stomatal function.

• Fertilizer management (kg/ha)

N:P:K:S – 20: 80: 40: 40



• Water management2-3 times

• Weed contol:Mechanical intercultivation

Manual weeding – 20-25 & 40-45 day.

Use of herbicide:

post emergence herbicide:

Quizalofop-ethyl- @ 50gm/ha 25 day after sowing.

Imazethaper - @75/ha at 15-20 day after sowing.

Propaguizafop - @ 50g /ha at 15-20 day after sowing.



Integrated diseases management

• Soybean mosaic :

this is transmitted by several aphids.

it is seed borne disease.

Control measure: monocrotophos (.1%) solution

recommended.

• Altenaria leaf spotbrown necrotic leaf spots with concentric rings

appear on all plants.

Control measure: treat seed with thiram@ 2.0g

carbendazim @1.0kg seed before sowing.

Insect management



Insect management

• White fly:

This is a serious pest of soybean. Adult are known to transmit

yellow mosaic virus.

Contol measure : spray metasystox 0.1% .

• Gridle beetle:

petiole is girdled, the trifoliate leaves beging driyng around the

edges.

Control measure: soil application of phorate 10G .Folier spray of Quinolphos 25EC @1.25 1/ha.

• Steam fly:

larvae start feeding on leaves and moves towards of the stem.

The infected plants show partly dried & dropping leaves.contol measure:

one spray of monocrotophos (.04%) within 7-10 days after

germination.



Harvesting and yield

• Harvesting indices:

Soybean plants mature their start drooping.

Pod are dried & moisture content 15-17%

Maturity period ranges from 90to 140 days.

Method Harvesting

use of mechanical soybean thresher In large area holding use a combine harvester.

Yield:

20-25 quintal/ ha.

Cost of cultivation (P )



Cost of cultivationItem Cost (Rs)

Land preparation 2000

Seed 1200

Manure & fertilizer 2000

Irrigation 1500

Crop protection 1200

Labour

(weeding + sowing + threshing)

1350

harvesting 700

Other 1500

Total 11450

Yield – 9 quintal

Selling price- 2800/quintal

Total production – 9*2800

25200

Gross income = 25200-11450

13750

B:C ratio =1.8

(Per acre)



• Thank you.

pravin sugercane ppt..final

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