practical learning design in a future learning object economy tore hoel norwegian estandard project ...
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Practical Learning Designin a Future Learning Object Economy
Tore HoelNorwegian eStandard projectwww.estandard.no
Edinburgh, Oct 23rd 2003
The topics of todayToday
The future
Knowledge corpuses in different domains
The learner'sknowledge structure of a domain
Content transmission model
Social construction model
Top downapproach
Down up approach
The top down approach of today
Digital libraries Learning Resource Repositories Portals exposing links to resources LOM profiles Content exchange Easy access to content - removing
barriers (IPR, identifiers….)
Don’t forget the interests involved
Standardization of e-learning technology is a complex negotiation of meaning and interests within large actor-networks of strong individual intellectuals, companies, users and user organizations, software vendors, international bodies, system architectures, message definitions, individual data elements and specifications - comprising both human and nonhuman actors.
Who are designing e-learning?
ICT technologists Content managers
and publishers Academia The educational
community? The learner’s
interests?
E-learning community
Library community Knowledge
management community
”Content is king” ”Learning is construction of meaning”
Are we designing/modelling the right stuff?
LOM, digital libraries are big world phenomena
Learning processes are small world phenomena
We have to follow both tracks – or we do not succeed!
Are we succeeding?
Learning Resource Repositories are not used as much as we hoped for
Metadata are not provided, very often of bad quality, and above all: expensive
Portals (quality assured resources) are not used
Internet is used: General search engines, e.g. Google
Down up – let’s start in the classroom
I feel proud having so many keywords
I have to be more focused when reading to be able to extract keywords and look for connections
It easy to go back and look at what we have learnt
TopicMap – an ISO standard
TAO of Topic Maps: Topics, Assocations…
Is used for
has
Is used for
cartransport
wheel
holiday
…and Occurences
is used for
has
is used for
transport
wheel
http://www.motor.no
car
http://www.autofil.no
holiday
BrainBank eaten by the Omnivorous Topic Map Navigator
Live
dem
o!
The promises of ”secondary” metadata
Ontology layers
My perspective Our perspective(s) Their perspectives
SNL
SNL
SNL
SNL
Hedda Gabler
Skien
wrote
Born in
wrote
information
knowledge
A dolls house
SNL
SNL
SNL
SNL
Skienkom-mune
CapLex
CapLex
NBL
Henrik Ibsen
Hedda Gabler
Skien
A dolls house
wrote
Born in
wrote
“The reality”
topicmaps
information
knowledge
andre emnekartflettes inn ...
Ibsen-senter
Ibsen-senter
Ibsen-senter
Ibsen-senter
Ibsen-senter
Ibsen-senter
HelmerHelmer
Dr. RankDr. RankFru LindeFru Linde
KrogstadKrogstadNoraNora
Theme id and the “third layer” There is a third layer: “the reality”
Every topic in the topic map represents a theme in “the real world”
The theme id tells what theme a topic represents With a PSI (published subject indicator) topics may be shared
across topic maps, e.g. http://psi.opera.org/composers/#puccini
“The reality”
Topic map
MadameButterfly
Tosca
Lucca
Puccini
Theme id – so what?
With theme id I’m able to Connect topics in my topic map to topics in yours Download a bit of your topic map and merge with
mine Define standard topics that others might use
Theme id make topic maps global They may be connected to other topic maps
The goal: Consolidated knowledge We don’t have two topics for the same phenomenon Instead we merge the duplicates
Merging is like… Thanks to theme id it is possible to merge topics
maps automatically When to topic maps are merged, topics that represent the
same theme are merged to one topic An when to topics are merged to one, the new one gets the
sum of all attributes of the two original ones
name
occurrence
association role
T
association role
name
occurrence
association roleT
name
A second topic “about”the same subject
Merge the to topicsname
occurrence
association roleT
name
Merge the to topics…...and the new topic has the sum of all the
attributes of the two originals
BrainBank in the Knowledge universe
Aricle on
Article on
...
The brain ...
BrainBank
forskning.no
kulturnett.no
contains
Belongs to
containsThe heart
biology
The brain
The body
biologyBotanical garden
Example of
LOM search
LOM search
Learning paths
Each student builds his or her own “brainbank” The brainbanks are merged within a project Projects expose their brainbanks, e.g. as
XTM (without any editing) These multiple brains banks could be
merged into other web sites
A brainbank with your own material could be shared as a learning object
And some time the small world and the big world will meet…
My knowledge Our knowledge The knowledge corpuses stored
in Digital libraries
..and I’ll be in Scotland before you
