Practical Approaches to

Ending Extreme Poverty in

Africa

Jeffrey D. Sachsat the

Clinton School of Public ServiceUniversity of Arkansas

March 15, 2006

Severe malaria

Severe malaria

MAP OF COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE

                                                                                                                                                                      

COUNTRIES REQUIRING URGENT EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE (Total: 27 countries)

FAO/GIEWS December 2005

THREE GREAT CHALLENGES

•Green Revolution

•Health Revolution

•Connectivity Revolution

GREEN REVOLUTION:

Seed, Soils, Water, Climate, Pathogens

FAO Index of Net Food Output per Capita, 1961-2000

80

90

100

110

120

130

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160

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

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1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

World E SE Asia South Asia Sub-Sahara

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

8

Observed On-farm

OfficialOn-farm

On-station Commercialfarmers

Gra

in y

ield

(t

ha

-1)

Zambia

Tanzania

Kenya

Uganda

Ethiopia

Burkina Faso

Niger

Botswana

Zimbabwe

The Yield GapReported Grain yield levels Some observations from sub-Saharan Africa

Cereal Yields

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Year

Kg

per

Hec

tare East Asia and Pacific

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

Latin America & Caribbean

World Bank World Development Indicators

Irrigated Cropland

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Year

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f al

l Cro

pla

nd

China

India

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America & Caribbean

World Bank World Development Indicators

Fertilizer

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Year

100

gra

ms

per

hec

tare

East Asia and Pacif ic

South Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America & Caribbean

World Bank World Development Indicators

HEALTH REVOLUTION:

Infectious disease control, human resources, public awareness,

logistics

Malaria Ecology Index

Sub-Saharan Africa has the Highest Prevalence

of Nine Neglected Tropical Diseases

Condition Cases in Africa Proportion of Global Burden in Africa

Hookworm 198 million 27%-34%

Ascariasis 173 million 14%-22%

Schistosomiasis 166 million 89%

Trichuriasis 162 million 20%-26%

Trachoma 33 million 40%

Lymphatic Filariasis 46 million 38%

Onchocerciasis 18 million 99%

Trypanosomiasis 0.5 million 100%

Dracunculiasis <0.1 million 100%

Geographic Overlap of Hookworm and Malaria

CONNECTIVITY REVOLUTION:

Roads, rail, ports, telecommunications, internet

A Comparison of Railway Networks in Africa and India

THE ECONOMIC STRATEGY

•Rural Sector: From “Sub-subsistence”to Commercial Agriculture

•Urban Sector: From informality toInternational Competitiveness in Manufactures and Services

•Demographic Transition

Rural Sector

Community-led development

through

Millennium Villages

Millennium Research Villages

Urban Development

Promote global competitiveness inurban areas through investmentsin key infrastructure and attraction ofFDI

Millennium Cities Project

Demographic Transition:

Total Fertility Rate below 3.0

by 2015

Maternal empowerment, girls’ education,Child survival, contraceptive availability,

Family planning

He

alth

Infr

a

Wa

ter

Ag

ric

Ed

uc

En

vir

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

Recommended

Current

Sector ODA Per African Per Annum: Recommended versus CurrentSource: OECD DAC, 2003

Note: ODA net of Technical Cooperation

The Scientific Challenges

Ecologically placed scienceOperations Research and evaluationUnderstanding Anthropogenic ChangeR&D for the Poor:

health, agriculture, energy, connectivity, water, training and systems (management and finance)

THANK YOU !