prabhu pingali, cornell university "agricultural pathways to improved nutrition: getting...
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Science Forum 2013 (www.scienceforum13.org) Plenary Session: Regional Perspectives on Nutrition and Health Outcomes Prabhu Pingali, Cornell University: Main presentationTRANSCRIPT
Agricultural Pathways to Improved
Nutrition – Getting Policies Right!
Prabhu Pingali
Professor of Applied Economics
&
Director, Tata-Cornell Initiative for Agriculture & Nutrition
Cornell University
HH Incomes
HH Food Access
Individual Food
Intake
Individual Nutrition (e.g. stunting,
wasting)
Agricultural Interventions
Other Interventions (e.g. Health, Education)
e.g. relative
prices of foods
and non-foods,
diet diversity
e.g. gender
empowerment,
HH behavior,
demographics
e.g. sanitation
and hygiene,
health
conditions,
nutrition
practices
calorie
requirements
e.g. Ag productivity growth and
poverty reduction
e.g. food price effects, fortification,
bio-fortification
e.g. ag empowerme
nt, labor
e.g. food safety
Mediating Factors
Agriculture – Nutrition Pathways:
A Conceptual Framework
Source: BMGF Agriculture Division
Agriculture – Nutrition Pathways:A Conceptual Framework
HOUSEHOLD INCOME ALLOCATION OF FOOD
MICRONUTRIENT AND FOOD AVAILABILITY
NUTRIENT ABSORBTION AND UTILIZATION
Determined by:
• Distribution and consumption of food within the household.
• Household size, age, gender, and health status (pregnant women, young children).
Determined by:
• Access to clean drinking water.
• Toilet availability and sanitation.
Determined by:
• Spatial location of household (proximity to diverse food retailers).
• Agricultural diversification and livestock.
• Diversity in food production.
• Government interventions and safety-net programs.
Determined by:
• Smallholder agricultural productivity.
• Off-farm employment.
• Household labor allocation.
• Seasonality (labor, food production).
Relative food
prices and price
policy
Sector-specific
policies
Age, gender,
education
Extent and type
of agricultural
commercial-
ization
Access to inputs,
technology,
extension
services, or credit
Gender norms
and behavior.
INDIVIDUAL
NUTRITION
HOUSEHOLD FOOD ACCESSS(Quantity, quality and diversity of food)
INDIVIDUAL NUTRITION(Individual intake and absorption of
nutrient-dense foods)
Unique health
conditions
Necessary food
safety standards.
Individual
calorie and
micronutrient
needs
Me
dia
ting
Fac
tors
Me
dia
tin
g F
ac
tors
Women’s
empower
ment
Agriculture & Food Supply Policies
� Persistence of Green Revolution focus on staple grains
� Poor support for coarse grains, legumes, lentils, etc
� Lack of attention to high relative prices of micro-nutrient
dense food – horticulture, livestock products
� High costs of smallholder linkage to organized food
chains
4
What are the options for crop-
neutral intensification?
5
Food Based Interventions
� Promotion of bio –
fortified food – ex
ante assessment
and enabling
policies
� Impact of food &
cash based safety
net programs
6
From traditional extension to
community based behavior change
� Community participatory approaches to learning and
change
� Women as drivers of change
� Role of ICTs in scaling up behavior change messages
7
From agriculture & nutrition silos
to an agriculture-nutrition nexus
8
HH Income
Micronutrient and food access
Intra-household
food allocation
Nutrient Absorption
and Utilization
UN MDGs along the agriculture-nutrition
pathway
HH Income
Micronutrient and food access
Intra-household
food allocation
Nutrient Absorption
and Utilization
Agricultural Interventions
Other Interventions (e.g. Health, Education)
NREGA, NRLM, RKVY,
NHM
PDS, NFSM ICDS
MDM
NRHM
An Example from India:
Government interventions along the
pathway
ICDS,
TSM/WATSAN
Relevance of agriculture for the first
1000 days (from conception through
the first two years)?
Its about the nutrition & health of the
mother
Breaking silos and building
convergence across sectoral
interventions
� Setting clear and measurable goals (eg: Reduction in
child stunting by --% in –years)
� Goals and performance indicators need to cascade
down to the community level
� Convergence of disparate government interventions
happens at the community level and needs to be locally
managed.
� Frequent and transparent monitoring of progress towards
goals needs to be established
12
Rural change through women’s
empowerment
Women’s Self Help Group,
Wardha District, Maharashtra
Planning Sustainable Land
Use, Kunti, Jharkhand
14
15