prabhu final sai final report
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 INTRODUCTION ON SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES
Industrial progress of a country greatly depends on its labour workforce. Safety and
welfare are considered as the most important terms that are associated with each and every
employee working in a factory. Safety and welfare are two closely related factors to work
because it provides greater satisfaction at their work place. Safety is biggest asset for an
employee since it has a direct impact on life. Welfare and safety measures is the combination
of psychological and environmental circumstance that cause a person to truthfully say I am
satisfied with the safety and welfare schemes that my organization provides. Safety means
freedom from danger, injury or risk. Industrial workers are exposed to several types of hazards
and accidents. Due to the rapid industrialization, mechanical, chemical, electrical and radiation
hazards have increased. An industrial accident is a sudden and unexpected occurrence in anindustrial undertaking causing body injury to one or more persons.
According to the factories act, 1948 Safety is an occurrence in an industrial
establishment causing bodily injury to a person which makes him unfit to resume his duties in
the next 48 hrs. In other words it is an unexpected and sudden event arising out of and in the
course of employment. However, self-inflicted injuries, injuries inflicted with the consent of
person cannot be regarded as accidents.
The concept of safety and labour welfare is flexible and elastic and differs widely with
time, region, industry, social values and customs, degree of industrialization, the general socio-
economic development of the people and the political ideologies prevailing at a particular time.
The ILO report refers to labour welfare as: Such services, facilities and amenities as may be
established in or in the vincity of undertakings to enable the person employed in them to perform
their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and provided with amenities conducive to good
health and high morale. Labour welfare is a very broad term, covering social security and such
other activities as medical aid, crches, canteens, recreation, housing, adult education,
arrangements for the transport of labour to and from the work place.
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The term welfare not only includes the minimum standard of hygiene and safety laid down in
general labour legislation, but also such aspects of working life as social insurance schemes,
measures for the protection of women and young workers, limitation of hours of works, paid
vacations, etc.
In the narrow sense, welfare in addition to general physical working conditions is mainly
concerned with the day to day problems of the workers and the social relationships at the place
of work. The main purpose of the safety and welfare provided to the worker is to enable him to
work satisfactorily in the work place so as to get maximum level of outcome and to create a
sense of belongingness towards the organization.
Industrial safety and efficiency are directly related to each other. Safety measures
prevent accidents and ensure regular flow of work. Safety also helps to improve the morale and
productivity of workers. It contributes to team work and the sense of belonging among
employees.
The following are the various safety and welfare measure provided by
THE FACTORIES ACT 1948
SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES:
The Factories Act, in India was first passed in 1881. It aimed at for protecting children
from exploitation and providing for some health and safety measures for all workers. The present
Act came into force on April 1 1949. Its object is to implement many of the provisions of the
International Labour Organizations (ILO) Code on Industrial Safety.
SAFETY (Section 21 to 40)
1. Fencing of Machinery (Section 21)
2. Work on or near Machinery in motion (Section 22)
3. Employment of Young person on Dangerous Machines (Section 23)
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4. Striking gear and devices for cutting off power (Section 24)
5. Self acting Machines (Section 25)
6. Casing of new machinery (Section 26)
7. Prohibition of Employment of Women and Children near Cotton opener (Section 27)
8. Hoists and lifts (Section 28)
9. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles (section 29)
10. Revolving machinery (section 30)
11. Pressure plant (section 31)
12. Floors, stairs and means of access (Section 32)
13. Pits, sumps, opening in floors etc. (section 33)
14. Excessive weights (Section 34)
15. Protection of eyes (Section 35)
16. Precaution against dangerous fumes (Section 36)
17. use of portable electric light (Section 36A)
18. ]Precautions against explosives or inflammable dust, gas etc. (Section 37)
19. Precaution in case of fire (Section 38)
20. Suitability of Building, Machinery or Plant (Sections 39,40 and 40A)
21. Safety Officers (Section 40B)
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HAZARDOUS PROCESSES (Sections 41 A 41 H)
1. Site Appraisal Committees and their Functions (Section 41 A)
2. Disclosures by the occupier (Section 41 B)
3. Responsibility of the Occupier in respect of Hazardous processes (Section 41 C)
4. Inquiry Committee (Section 41 D)
5. Emergency Standards (Section 41 E)
6. Permissible Limits (Section 41 F)
7. Workers participation in Safety Measures (Section 41 G)
8. Warning about imminent danger (Section 41 H)
WELFARE OF WORKERS (Section 42 to 49)
1. Washing facilities (Section 42)
2. Facilities for storing and drying clothes (section 43)
3. Sitting Facilities (Section 44)
4. First Aid appliance (Section 45)
5. Canteen (Section 46)
6. Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms (Section 47)
7. Crches (Section 48)
8. Welfare officers (Section 49)
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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE
The first railway on Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of 21 miles from Bombay toThane. The idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thane, Kalian and the Thal and Bhore
Ghats inclines first occurred to Mr.George Clark, the chief engineer of the Bombay Government,
during a visit to Bhandub in 1843.
The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on 16th April 1853, when 14 railway
carriages carrying about 400 guests left Bore Bunder. The first passenger train streamed out of
Howrah station designed for Hooghly, a distance of 24 miles, on 15th August, 1854. Thus the
first section of the East Indian Railways was opened as the public traffic, inaugurating thebeginning of railway transport on the Eastern side of the sub-continent.
In south the first line was opened on 1 st July 1856 by the Madras Railway Company. It
ran between Vyasrpady and Wallajah road (Arcot), a distance of 63 miles. In the north a length of
119 miles of line was laid from Allahabad to Kanpur on 3rd March 1859. These were the small
beginning which in due course developed in to a network of railway lines all over the country.
By 1880 the Indian railway system had a route mileage of about 9000 miles. Indian railways, the
premier transport organization of the largest rail network in Asia and the worlds second largest
under one management.
THE RAILWAYS ZONES ARE
1. South East Central Railway
2. Central Railway
3. East Central Railway
4. East Cost Railway
5. Eastern Railway
6. North Eastern Railway
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7. North Western Railway
8. North Eastern Frontier Railway
9. Northern Railway
10. South Central Railway
11. South Eastern Railway
12. South Western Railway
13. Southern Railway
14. Western Central Railway
15. Western Railway.
PRODUCTION UNITS
1. Chittaranjan Loco Works
2. Diesel-Loco Modernization of workshops
3. center for railway information system
4. Container Corporation of India Ltd
5. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd
6. Indian Railway Finance Corporation IRCON International Ltd
7. Konkani Railway Corporation
8. Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation
9. RAILTEL Corporation of India Ltd
10. Pipavav Corporation Ltd.
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OTHER ORGANIZATIONS UNDER INDIAN RAILWAYS
1. Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd
2. Central organization for railway electrification
3. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
4. Federation of Railway Officers Associations
5. Indian Railway Accounts Service Association
6. Indian Railway Accounting Reforms
7. Indian Railway Central Organization for Telecom
8. Indian Railway Stores Services
9. Indian Railway Welfare Organization
10. Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering
11. Indian Railway Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications of Railway
Transport
12. National Rail Museum
13. Railway Recruitment Boards
14. Railway Staff College, Baroda
15. Research Design and Standards Organization
16. Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering.
TERRITORIAL READJUSTMENT OF ZONES AND IN-HOUSE
REFORMS
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In order to bring about greater efficiency in administration, speedy implementation of
ongoing projects, better customer care, reduction of workload on General Managers etc., Indian
Railways have decided to create seven new zones by territorial re-adjustment of existing zones.
The new zones, having limited financial burden on Railways, will have thin and lean, efficient
and modern administrative set up. Two of the new zones have already started functioning.
NATIONAL RAIL VIKAS YOJANA
With a view to complete strategically important projects within a stipulated period of
time, a non-budgetary iniative for the development of railways has been launched. Under the
scheme all the capacity bottlenecks in the critical sections of the railway network will be
removed at an investment of Rs.15000crores over the next five years. These projects would
include:
1. Strengthening of the golden quadrilateral to run more long-distance mail/express and
freight trains at a higher speed of 100kmph.
2. Strengthening of rail connectivity to ports and development of multimodal corridors to
hinterland.
3. Construction of four mega bridges-two over River Ganga, one on River Brahmaputra,
and one over river kasi.
4. Accelerated completion of those projects nearing completion and other important
projects.
NEW STEPS TOWARDS SAFETY AND SECURITY
Safety of 13 million passengers that Indian Railways serve every day is of paramount
importance to the system. Over the years, apart from the regular safety norms followed, the
network has taken a number of steps through innovative use of technology and stepped up
training to its manpower to enhance safety standards. Constitution of Rs 17000 crores non-
lapsable Special Railway Fund (SRSF) to replace the arrears of aging assets of railway over the
next six years has been a historical move in this direction.
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A number of distressed bridges, old tracks, signaling system and other safety
enhancement devices will be replaced during this period. Extensive field trials of the anti-
collision Device (ACD), indigenously developed by Konkani Railway, is going on and once
deployed across the Zonal Railways, this innovative technology will help railways accidents due
to collision between trains. Security of railway passengers is at present a shared responsibility of
the Railway Protection Force (RPF) and the Government Reserve police (GRP). Efforts on to
amend the Railway Act it give more powers to the RPF in ensuring security of passengers on
trains and within Railway premises. Development of Women Police Force has been made for
security and assistance of women passengers.
IMPROVING FINANCIAL HEALTH:
The financial position of Indian Railway has been slowly but steadily improving. Some
of the highlights of the financial performance during 2001-2002 include: improved operating
ratio from 98.8 percent to 96.6 percent, savings in ordinary working expenses of Rs.1487 crores.
Depreciation Reserve Fund (DRF) balance goes up from Rs.78.04 crores during March in last
year to Rs.632.99 corers this year. Railways have established a new milestone in incremental
freight loading during July this year by carrying 5.70 million tones of goods. Freight loading for
the last financial year crossed the target and attained 492.31 million tones.
NEW TRENDS IN PASSENGERS AMENITIES
To take care of the unreserved segment of the passengers, a new pilot project on
computer based unreserved ticketing has been launched. Of the 13 million passengers served by
the network every day, nearly 12 million are unreserved passengers. To cater to this huge
segment, computer based ticketing systems has been launched for all most all important stations.
With this, unreserved tickets can be issued even from locations other than the boarding station
and will reduce crowds at booking offices and stations.
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Indian railway catering and Tourism Corporation with the assistance of center for
Railway Information System have launched online ticketing facility. Computerized reservation
facilities were added at 245 new locations. At present these facilities are available at 758
locations in the country covering about 96 percent of the total workload of passenger reservation.
Computerized reservation related enquiries about accommodation availability, passengers status,
train scheduled, train between pair of stations etc., have been made web enabled.
A pilot project for issuing monthly and quarterly season tickets through Automated Teller
Machine (ATM) has been launched in Mumbai this year and has been found very successful.
Another pilot project for purchasing tickets including monthly and quarterly season tickets
through smart card has also been launched.
National Train Enquiry System has been started in order to provide upgraded passenger
information and enquiries. This system provides the train running position on a current basis
through various output devices such as terminals in the station enquiries and Interactive Voice
Response System (IVRS) at important railway stations. So far the project has been implemented
at 98 stations.
TIE-UP WITH FOREIGN RAILWAYS
Indian Railways is in constant touch with Railways across the world to bring in state-of-
art facilities in its system. Towards this, a memorandum of understanding was signed during the
English Session of the Indo-Austria Joint Economic Commission held in Vienna. This seeks to
promote and deepen long-term infrastructure Specific Corporation between Indian and Austrian
Railways to their mutual benefit.
COMPANY PROFILE - INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF)
INTRODUCTION OF THE FIRM
Integral Coach Factory is an ISO-9001 company. It has its own Design and
Development wing, the infrastructure and technical knowhow to manufacture sophisticated
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modern coaches. ICF all-steel, all-welded, light-weight; integral coaches with anti-telescopic
and construction. The ICF combines the three major factors of modern passenger transport:
- Speed, Comfort and Safety.
Initially, ICF was designed to produce only broad gauge shells, which were to be
furnished by the zonal railways. Later, a separate furnishing division was set up in view of the
serve limitation capacity of railway workshops and also to take advantages of mass production
techniques. Presently, Coach Production is done in shell division and Furnishing division.
ICF manufactured around 125 different types of coaches. They can be broadly classified
into Self-propelled coaches, Trailer coaches, AC coaches, Conventional coaches and Special
coaches like palace on wheels. ICF produced 34,022 coaches as on March 2004. ICF
manufactured and supplied 150 containers to Container Corporation India in addition to coaches,
production in the last four years. ICF has exported Coaches, Bogies and Spares to 11 countries.
TWO DIVISIONS IN ICF
1. Shell Division
2. Furnishing Division
SHELL DIVISION
The coach manufacturing starts from Shell Division, where the body shell and Bogie
Assembles are done. The body shell assembly is of all welded integrated design and it consists
of under frame, sidewall, roof and end wall assemblies. A shell is made of one body shell fitted
on two bogies. A sheet metal shop produces all sheet metal items required for the manufacture of
under frame, sidewall and roof.
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1. A main assembly shop assembles the under frame; sidewall, end wall and roof to from a
tube like shell.
2. Final assembly, painting of the shell and fitment of air brake arrangement are done in the
final assembly shop.
3. Bogies are manufactured by assembling the bogie bolster, wheel sets, axle box and
springs together.
The body shells fitted on the bogie are dispatched to furnishing Division for Furnishing work.
COACH FURNISHING DIVISION
Aesthetic look, comfort and safety are very much essential for pleasant journey;
furnishing division takes care of the above and furnishing the interior portion of the coaches.
Furnishing of coach is done in ten stages, via, flooring, wiring, paneling on side wall,
window fixing, and partition paneling, plumping, floor molding .light &fans and seats, berth and
racks fixing and buffer height adjustment .
Compreg plywood, limpet asbestos sheets, PVC sheets, Latex cushion, feather touch vinyl cloth,
stainless steel and Frap lavatory inlays are used to achieve good interior design and long life of
the coach under touch running conditions.
HISTORY OF GROWTH
ICF- Indias premier coach building factory was started in technical collaboration with
Swish Car and Elevator Manufacturing Corporation Ltd., Switzerland. The construction
commenced on March 1952 and the first machine was commissioned by Shri Lal Bagadur
Shastri, Ministry for Railway, on 2nd October of 1955 a red letter day for ICF when Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, flagged off the first coach. The furnishing division of
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ICF was inaugurated on 2nd October of 1962. ICF through the years has been engaged
manufacturing many types of coaches year after year. The maximum number of types ever
produced in a year is 32 different types of coaches in the year 2000 to 2001. Starting with a
humble beginning of about 350 coaches per year, ICF has grown to a production capacity of
more than 1000 coaches annually. In the year 1998-1999 over 1057 coaches were produced.
ICF has exported a total of bogies and 425 coaches to Thailand, Burma, Taiwan, Zambia,
Philippines, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam,Nigeria, Mozambique and Bangladesh.
FACTORY AREA
ICF has a factory are of 189.5 acres. Covered area in shops is 47 acres. Township is
spread over 285.5acres. ICF employs more than 13,000 people. The self-contained townships
consist of 3000 residential quarters with schools, auditorium, stadium, recreation facilities and
hospital.
ICF has leveraged its coach building experience of 48 years and 33,000 coaches to stay
at the forefront of innovative coach building and retains its leadership position over the years.
ICF has successfully incorporated cutting edge technologies into the coach building process.
ICF is committed to improving passenger safety, passenger comfort and maintainability
of the coaches. ICF has a diversified product portfolio into many types of coaches, all built to
exacting customer requirements.
The main objective of ICF is to manufacture all metal lightweight coaches from ordinary 2nd
class to most complicated types of coaches i.e., AC and DC, EMUs, AC Expresses, Rajdhani
Express etc. ICF has entered into export market also supplying coaches for foreign countries.
ORGANISATION AND DEPARTMENTS
The organization consist of departments of functional basic viz .administration, personnel,
mechanical, electrical, civil, engineering, finance and accounts, etc. For the purpose of technical,
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financial and cost control the factory has been broadly categorized under the following
departments.
1. Production shops
2. Service department inside the workshops
3. Service department outside the workshops
4. Stores department
5. General department
AUTHORITY FOR MANUFACTURE
The authority for manufacturing of components or assembly thereof is communicated
through the issue of Route cards. The route cards contain instruction to shop regarding the
followings.
1. Operation to be carried out in the various shops and load centers in their sequence.
2. The materials and tools to be used and
3. Time required for setting up machines and operations.
THE FUTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION
ICF has completed its 50 years of service to the nation on 2nd October 2005. From a modest
beginning to manufacture just a few third class shells in 1955, ICF is now capable of producingover 1100 coaches per year and that too in more than 170 varieties. ICF can perhaps be
compared with in the best of coach production facilities and still remains a pioneer in introducing
new types of coaches. In the 151 years of Indian Railways, role of ICF in its 50 years is certainly
a remarkable one and will continue to be so in the years to come.
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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
1. The study aims at finding out the satisfaction level of the employee towards safety and
welfare measures in ICF.
2. To find out the extent of awareness of these measures from the employee
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SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:
1. To find out the safety & welfare measures in ICF
2. To bring out the causes of the accidents taking place in the factory in spite of those safety
measures
3. To express the views of the employees to the management on the current safety & welfare
measures followed in the company
4. To find out how far these safety measures are effective.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study undertaken in ICF was helpful to understand the following with respect to welfare and
safety measures of the organization.
1. Awareness level of safety and welfare measures.
2. Satisfaction level of safety and welfare measures.
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3. This study enabled to identify the causes for accidents that are happening in the factory.
4. Availability of proper welfare facilities
5. This study was useful in expressing the views of the employees to the management.
1.5 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Since safety has become the most important factor in the work place, THE STUDY ON THE
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY AND WELFARE
MEASURES AT INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF) was undertaken.
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1. The organization demanded to know the satisfaction level of employees towards these
measures.
2. The need for this research is to protect workers from accidents, and to secure them
from various conditions.
3. And also to know how far these safety and welfare measures in the ICF are is
effective.
1.6 NEED FOR THE SAFETY AND WELFARE WORK
The need for the labour welfare arises from the very nature of the industrial system,
which is characterized by two basic factors; one, the conditions under which work is carried
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on are not congenial for health; and second, when a labourer joins an industry, he has to work
in an entirely strange atmosphere, which creates problems of adjustment.
There is a social reason also as pointed out by the labour Investigation committee, the
provision of canteens improves the physique, entertainment reduces the incidence of vices,
medical aid and maternity and child welfare services improve the health of the workers and
bring down the rates of general, maternal and infantile morality; and education facilities
increase their mental efficiency and economic productivity.
SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED BY INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY
(ICF)
SAFETY SERVICES:
Prevention of accidents is an objective which requires no explanation. This is one area in
which there is complete identity of employer-employee interests. The employee does not
want to be injured and the employer does not want to incur the costs of injuring him.
1. Appointment of safety officers.
2. Support by line management
3. Job safety analysis
4. Safety reports
5. Personal protective equipment
6. Material handling
7. Hand tools
8. Maintenance
9. Layout and design
10. House keeping
11. Safety training education and publicity
12. Safety inspections
13. Investigation of accident.
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14. Measurement of safety
15. Safety Goggles, Boiler suit, Mask, Helmet, Shoes, Gloves
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS:
Personal protective equipments are provided to all employees who are working in plant.
Safety measures are given importance. Safety slogan is displayed in many places to prevent
accidents.
Head Helmets
Hair Scalping
Ear Ear plugs
Eye Goggles
Face Face shield
Hand Hand shield, Glove
Leg Safety Shoes, Gum boot
Foot Foot guard etc.
Dress Overall Coat
SOME SAFETY SLOGANS:
1. Think safe . Act safe..Be safe.. And live safe.
2. Bare / loose wire: cause fire
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3. Little drips cause big slips.
4. Better to be safe than to be sorry.
5. Chance takers are accident makers.
6. Safety and cheap and effective insurance policy.
7. Wear the right protective equipment for the job.
8. Slow down! Your family will be waiting for you.
9. Safe actions bring lasting satisfaction.
10. Safety. You will regret if you forget.
TEN STEPS FOR SAFER AND HEALTHIER WORK PLACE
PROVIDED BY ICF
1. Safety is everyones business
2. Use your space well
3. Check your work area
4. Use safety guards
5. Think about your environment
6. Use protective equipment
7. Use labour saving equipments
8. Special care
9. Take a break
10. Be alert and aware
MAJOR WELFARE ACTIVITIES IN ICF
1. Canteens
2. Tea points
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3. Rest rooms
4. Stadium
5. Hospital
6. Schools
7. Crche
8. Handicraft and tailoring school
9. Typewriting institute
10. Ambulance
11. Staff benefit fund
12. Quarters
13. Child care leave, House benefit allowance, Loans
14. Allowances (TA, Petrol for officers)
15. Training classes
16. Water coolers
17. Marriage hall
18. Employee holiday camp
RAILWAY CANTEENS:
Employees of the ICF are benefited with the special discounts against any purchase of
household items or groceries. These railway canteens are exclusively set up for this purpose.
Employees of ICF get the products at reasonably low price. Railway employees enjoy the
benefits of A grade items at lowest price.
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EMPLOYEE HOLIDAY CAMP:
Any 60 employees are randomly selected and taken for a trip along with their families
every summer. The company bears the entire expenses of boarding, lodging and travel.
SCHOOLS:
There are totally 5 schools provided by the ICF. It facilitates the children of ICF
employees to study there and apart from this the government of Tamil Nadu has some quotas
which enable the other children (non-employees of ICF) also to study there.
CREDIT SOCIETY:
The company provides cheap and institutional credit to the employees and to save them
from money lenders. They established a co-operative credit society to lend a loan up to Rs.6000/-
per head at 9% interest per annum. The total funds are generated from the employees. Total
amount in rotation in this institution is around Rs.117lakhs.
QUARTERS:
ICF employees are given individual quarter to stay as long as their service comes to an
end.
MARRIAGE HALL:
The company provides a ICF marriage hall with sufficient cooking vessels and utensils.
Rent for this hall is Rs.100/day.
UNIFORMS:
The company provides two sets of uniforms for all workers per year.
STAFF BENEFIT FUND:
To meet the urgent requirement for small credit, SBF has been established from the
contribution of employees and the management. Management is contributing certain amount
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per year through which interest free advances up to Rs.900/- is given for contingencies like
containment, education for children, sudden illness or death in the family, for marriage of self
and dependent children Rs.5000/- interest free advance is given Rs.300/- is given as extra
payment for funeral expenses, if an employee dies while in service. The total fund available in
this scheme is around Rs.5lakhs
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE:
The company has established hospitals with full time doctors and Para medical
personnel and gives free treatment to the employees and their families. The company also grants
cash assistance for specialist treatment in needy cases.
CANTEEN AND REST HALLS:
Canteens available in ICF are well equipped and are very sufficient to the workers. High
quality food is provided by them for lowest price. It provides snacks, meals, tea at lowest rates.
Rest hall is provided with sufficient fans and light.
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1.7 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In todays rapid industrialization set up, safety and welfare of the employees has become
a matter of concern. The organizations need to give proper safety and welfare facility to
employees so that it does not affect their work. Safety should be ensured for their life and
welfare should be given so that they give effective results. The problem of the research
conducted is that whether the safety and welfare measure provided by the company satisfies the
employees working over there. In order to express their views to the management I have
analyzed the satisfaction level and the effectiveness of these measures.
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1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1. Time was the major constraint to conduct a detailed survey as it was difficult to meet
every person personally.
2. The employees were not willing to disclose their views openly.
3. The survey was restricted only to the shop floor employees of the A shed where the
total population was around 400.
4. The study was restricted to only male employees in shop floor.
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CHAPTER 2
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REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
ALEXANDER GAMANJI (1988)
The employed person in the national economy and to the safety & wealth management.
It efficiency in safety & security management at the job of macro & micro economic level.
Safety and health work place have the determined job in top management. The analyses the
correlation between the safety & welfare in the company. It also has the explanation instrument
of balanced in the score card management. In order to obtain social and economic benefit
through the inclusion of the action.
JACQUES WHIT FORD (2006)
Safety is clearly considered important with in EPS facilities. The high standards of
engineering in the labs at the factices are evidences of this. There is no evidence of an OSH
management system in place grouping for e.g. policies direction inspection criteria etc with an
appropriate documentation control process some of safety element correctly in place are not
follow formalized as evidence by the lack of complete documentation.
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JON M WERVES AND RANDY DE SIMON (2006)
Safety & welfare have been requirement which will be the applicant or any assignees to a
maintains or obligation of the access until such time on the agree to accept the portion of the
right way. The employee will be responsible for all expenses regarding improvement relocation
of utilities permit damages & recordation. This may be association with the right of way.
KOTHARI CR (2005)
The difficultly that the employee has to centered with the considering whether it is better
to confine passenger or leave them at liberty. Consist in the external narrower of the tonal.
Sufficient space you be allowed for the employee in the closed cartilage. And no more should a
door be left open by accident.
HUMAYAN SERAJ (1980)
For the following cares of interpreting safety her to be made the instructative panels and
the appeliatebody.For determine if thee is rational relationship between a challenged measures
and the risk assessment. So the relationship between risk and the challenged measure in the
similar cost especially in the context of sanitary agreement.
RICHARD LEVIN & DAVID S ROBIN (2006)
The safety planning in the statistics for management has separated from other planning
for they analysis. It has difficult in the creation for safety employees. It analyses what, where,
why & where it has been needed for their presentation in planning design by using they safety
for their employee.
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SHEPHEN D ROBBINS (2005)
This have made the indirect cost of the finish program due to it trade effects are
evaluation in part of finished they policy intended to shield finished food supply and
consumption from shall move all break. It made the conclusion for their traditional welfare
analysis is used for analysis is to make the betterment chance for the employee welfare.
WAYEE R LASCIO (2006)
This made for the safety assessment of offshore platform is an urgent task. The made for
the result in the assessment to how focusing on the sweetened maintain May. They cannot make
the reliability adequately explication. Therefore am mathematical tool & measure was
introduced.
LAWRENCE K.C.(2005)
The gluten analysis for their finding has been made a long bad limitation. So it have been
fractured their stand & authority from issuing stand gluten. Free flood based on their final gluten
content only. The under sublimation have their own administration which they can able to be in
the standard way for their employees.
FINKELISTERN & FOEL B (2001)
The purpose of this project was to create a measure of safety climate for their
organization employees care unit & to determine the property of measure. The first version of the
measure was defined from published literature. This measure was to pilot the test of the
employer working. The organization safety climate measure contains their measure dimension of
safety climate. Internal constriction reliability was receipted for their measure.
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CHAPTER 3RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 DEFNITION OF RESEARCH
According to Clifford woody, research comprise defining and redefining problem,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solution. Collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making
deduction and reaching conclusion and at last carefully testing the conclusion to determine
whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
A way to systematically solve the research problem along with the logic behind, define
research methodology. It explains why a research study has been undertaken, how the problem
has been defined, in what way and why the hypothesis has been formulated, what data have been
collected and what particular method has been adopted, why particular technique of analyzing
data has been used and a host of similar other questions are usually answered concerning a
research problem or study.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
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A Research design is the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analysis of data
in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
According to Kerlinger Research design is the plan, structure and strategy of
investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance.
3.3 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The
major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs, as it exists at present.
The research design used for this study is descriptive in nature. It is the simplest form of
research design.
3.4 SAMPLE DESIGN
A definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population i.e; the technique adopted
in selecting items for the sample.
3.5 SAMPLE UNIT:
A decision has to be taken concerning a sampling unit before selecting sample. Here the
sampling unit includes the employees of ICF Govt of India. It is a railway factory.
3.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
The convenience sampling method has been used in this study. A probability sample isthe one in which the sampling units are selected by chance and for which there is a known
chance of each unit being selected.
3.7 SAMPLING TYPE:
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In this study convenience sampling type is used. This is a type of probability sampling.
Whereby, in this study 100 employees of A shed shop floor are selected for the survey.
3.8 SAMPLING SIZE:
The sample size is taken as 100 among the total of 400 shop floor employees in A
shed in the ICF factory.
3.9 SOURCE OF DATA
The task of data collection begins after a research problem has been defined and research
design/plan has been chalked out. Both the primary and secondary data has been collected.
3.10 PRIMARY DATA
Primary source of data is obtained by the researcher directly from the respondent which
has not been collected previously. Primary data are first hand information collected through
various methods such as observation and interviewing. The primary data was collected through
questionnaire by surveying the mentioned sample unit.
3.11 SECONDARY DATA:
The secondary source consists of readily available files and documents on safety andwelfare of the ICF employees. The information was provided by the labour welfare department
and the safety cell in ICF which was greatly helpful to know the terms and conditions of safety.
Secondary data is referred to the information already available either published or unpublished.
Secondary data is also collected through books, periodicals, magazines and websites on safety
and welfare
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3.12 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The instrument used for the study is questionnaire. Questionnaire is widely used and important
method to collect primary data for any research programme. Data collection through
questionnaire is quite popular, particularly in case of big enquiries. Each questionnaire was
given to an individual and humbly requested to fill it in my present. The objective of the study
was kept in mind while setting up the questionnaire.
3.13 FORMULATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE:
Multiple choice questions:
A question which have three or more Options are said to be multiple choice questions.
Rating questions:
Here the questions are asked with 5 points rating scale.
For example: Are you satisfied with the working condition of machines
(a) Highly satisfied
(b) Satisfied
(c) Neither satisfied Nor dissatisfied
(d) Dissatisfied
(e) Highly dissatisfied
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Dichotomous questions:
A question with two possible like Yes or No.
Pilot study:
The researcher has conducted pilot study before conducting the survey; the
questionnaire was distributed to five respondents for finding the weakness of the questionnaire.
The respondent understood the terms of the questionnaire. So the researcher distributed the same
questionnaire to all the 100 employees.
3.14 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
The data after collection has been processed and analyzed in accordance with the outline
laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. The collected data are
tabulated, analyzed by using diagrams, graphs and charts. Column chart is used for better
interpretation.
The statistical tools used for the analysis are as follows
3.15 PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS
In this method frequency of various criteria factor are tabulated and the percentage of
each value with respect to the total are found out. They are presented pictorially by graph in
order to have better understanding.
No. of respondents
Percentage of respondents = x 100
Total no: of: respondents
3.16 COLUMN CHART
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To supplement the study column chart is used. Column chart is one of the easiest and
most commonly used devices of presenting most of the business and economic data.
3.17 CHI-SQUARE TEST
In realities certain things cannot be measured or expressed in terms of numerical form. In
other words they are incapable for measurements. E.g. Anger, emotions, sincerity etc. Hence
they are called characters, qualities or attributes.
Though attributes are not measurable we can find out the presence and absence of it, in
that we can find out no. of items processing the quality or not. In chi-square if 2 attributes are
given we can find out whether they are independent or dependent. Chi square test can be used
to determine data in the two classifications are independent; it can also used to make comparison
between two attributes.
Chi square as a test of independence enables us to explain whether or not; two attributes
are associated. The chi- square test is the most popular non-parametric in social science research.
It is used to make comparison between two or more nominal variables. Unlike the other tests of
significance, the chi-square is used to make comparison between frequencies rather than mean
scores.
This test evaluates whether the difference between the observed frequencies and the expected
frequencies under the null hypothesis can be attributed to chance or actual population
differences.
A Chi-square value is obtained by the formula
^2 = (Oi-Ei)^2/Ei)
Where; Oi is observed frequency and Ei is expected frequency
Degree of freedom= (R-1)(C-1)
Where; R=No. of Rows
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C= No. of columns
If the calculated value < table value
Then
Null hypothesis is accepted
CHAPTER 4
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DATA ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER 4
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TABLE: 4.1.1
SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Below 30 Yrs 16 16
30-45 Yrs 48 48
Above 45 Yrs 36 36
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Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 16% of the respondents come under the category of below
30 Yrs, 48% of the respondents falls under 30-45 Yrs and 36% of the respondents come under
the category of above 45 Yrs.
CHART: 4.1. 1 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE AGE OF
THE RESPONDENTS
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TABLE: 4. 1.2
SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS
GENDER NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
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Male 100 100
Female 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 100% of the respondents are male and none of them are
female.
CHART: 4.1.2 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE GENDER
OF THE RESPONDENTS
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TABLE: 4.1.3
SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EDUCATION QUALIFICATION OF
THE RESPONDENTS
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EDUCATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
10th 30 30
12th 32 32
Diploma 28 28
UG 10 10PG 0 10
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 30% of the people responded has studied 10 th std, 32%
has studied 12th std, 28% of the respondents has done their diploma, 10% has done UG and none
of them has done their PG.
CHART: 4.1.3 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE
EDUCATION QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
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TABLE: 4.1. 4
SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE
RESPONDENTS
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EXPERIENCE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1-3 Yrs 10 10
3-5 Yrs 18 18
5 - 10 Yrs 32 32
Above 10 Yrs 40 40Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 28% of the respondents are with less than 5 Yrs of
experience, 32% of the respondents with 5 - 10 Yrs of experience and the remaining 40% of the
respondents with over 10 Yrs of experience.
CHART: 4.1.4 SHOWING SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE
EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS
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TABLE: 4.1. 5
AWARENESS ABOUT THE SAFETY MEASURES
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AWARENESS FACTOR NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Total100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that all the employees (ie 100% of the respondents) who have
been surveyed are aware of all the safety measures available to them.
CHART: 4.1. 5 SHOWING AWARENESS ABOUT THE SAFETY MEASURES
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TABLE: 4.1.6
EFFECTIVENESS LEVEL OF THE SAFETY MEASURES
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OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
To great extent 76 76
To some extent 24 24
To the least 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 76% of the respondents have agreed that the safety
measures provided to them are effective to the great extent, 24% of the people have said that it is
effective to some extent and none of the respondents have stated it to be ineffective.
CHART: 4.1.6 SHOWING EFFECTIVENESS LEVEL OF THE SAFETY MEASURES
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TABLE: 4.1.7
SATISFACTION ON VENTILATION AND LIGHTING
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OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 100% of the respondents are completely satisfied with
ventilation and lighting at their work place.
CHART: 4.1.7 SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL OF VENTILATION AND
LIGHTING
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TABLE: 4.1.8
FREQUENCY OF THE MACHINES BEING CHECKED
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FREQUENCY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Daily 23 23
Depends on the machinery 52 52
After any damage 25 25
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 23% of the people who have been surveyed has stated the
machines are checked on daily basis, 52% of the respondents has said that the frequency of
checking depends on the machines that is in use and 25% of the respondents has said that
machines are checked only after any problem has occurred in the machinery.
CHART: 4.1.8 SHOWING FREQUENCY OF THE MACHINES BEING CHECKED
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TABLE: 4.1.9
SATISFACTION LEVEL ON THE WORKING CONDITION OF MACHINES
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SATISFACT
ION LEVEL
OF
MACHINE
CONDITIO
N
HIGHLY
SATISFIED
SATISFIED NEITHER
SATISFIED
NOR
DISSATISFIED
DISSATISF
IED
HIGHLY
DISSATISFIE
D
TOTAL
Machine
safety
20 67 13 0 0 100
Machine
maintenance
18 73 9 0 0 100
Noise level 0 28 29 43 0 100
INFERENCE:
From the above the following things have been inferred:
Regarding safety of machineries:
20% of the respondents are highly satisfied, 67% of the respondents are just satisfied and 13%
are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.
Regarding the maintenance of machines:
18% of the employees who have been surveyed are highly satisfied with the maintenance of the
machines, 73% are just satisfied and 9% of the respondents are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.
Regarding noise level:
None of the respondents are highly satisfied with the noise level of the machines at the work
place. 28% of the employees has stated that they are satisfied with the noise level, 29% of the
respondents are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and the remaining 43% has said that they are
completely dissatisfied about the noise level.
CHART: 4.1.9 SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL ON THE WORKING
CONDITION OF MACHINES
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TABLE: 4.1.10
OPINION REGARDING METHOD OF SAFETY EDUCATION TO BE ADOPTED
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METHODS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Posters 8 8
Safety demonstrations 40 40
Highlighting unsafe practices 26 26
Safety lectures 16 16
Safety films 10 10
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 40% of the respondents has preferred safety
demonstration as the best method of safety education to employees. 8% of the people who havebeen surveyed have opted for poster method, 26% of the respondents have chosen highlighting
unsafe practices, 16% of the surveyed employees has selected safety lectures and the remaining
10% has opted for safety films as the best method of education for safety training.
CHART: 4.1.10 SHOWING OPINION ON THE METHOD OF SAFETY EDUCATION
TO BE ADOPTED
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TABLE: 4.1.11
FREQUENCY OF ACCIDENTS OCCURING IN THE ORGANISATION
FREQUENCY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
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Very often 24 24
Rarely 76 76
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 76% of the respondents have selected the frequency of
accidents occurring to be rare and the rest of 24% of the people surveyed have said that accidents
are very often occurring in the organization.
CHART: 4.1.11 SHOIWNG FREQUENCY OF ACCIDENTS OCCURING IN THE
ORGANISATION
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TABLE: 4.1.12
REASONS FOR ACCIDENTS HAPPENING IN THE ORGANISATION
REASONS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
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Carelessness of employee 58 58
Inadequate knowledge about
safety
37 37
Improper safety tools/aids 5 5
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 58% of the respondents have stated that the reasons for
accidents are due to employees carelessness, 37% of the people have said that employees lack in
knowledge about safety and the rest 5% of the respondents have said that the safety tools
provided to them are improper.
CHART: 4.1.12 SHOWING REASONS FOR ACCIDENTS HAPPENING IN THE
ORGANISATION
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TABLE: 4.1.13
SUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY AIDS AT THE TIME OF EMERGENCIES
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AVAILABILITY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 61 61
No 39 39
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 61% of the respondents have said that they are sufficiently
provided with the safety aids at the time of emergencies and 39% of the respondents do not agree
with this.
CHART: 4.1.13 SHOWING SUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF SAFETY AIDS AT THE
TIME OF EMERGENCIES
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TABLE: 4.1.14
AWARENESS ABOUT THE WELFARE MEASURES
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AWARENESS FACTOR NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Total100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that all the employees (i.e. 100% of the respondents) who
have been surveyed are aware of all the welfare measures available to them.
CHART: 4.1.14 SHOWING AWARENESS ABOUT THE WELFARE MEASURES
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TABLE: 4.1.15
WELFARE FACILITIES WILL RESULT IN INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
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OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 81 81
No 19 19
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 81% of the respondents believe that welfare facilities
available to them will increase the productivity/outcome level and the rest 19% of the employees
surveyed disagree with this.
CHART: 4.1.15 SHOWING WELFARE FACILITIES WILL RESULT IN INCREASED
PRODUCTIVITY
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TABLE: 4.1.16
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SATISFACTION TOWARDS LEAVE BENEFITS
LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Highly satisfied 35 35
Satisfied 65 65
Dissatisfied 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 35% of the respondents are highly satisfied with the leave
benefits available to them, 65% of the respondents are just satisfied and none of the respondents
are found to be dissatisfied.
CHART: 4.1.16 SHOWING SATISFACTION TOWARDS LEAVE BENEFITS
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TABLE: 4.1.17
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EMPLOYEES PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVE WELFARE MEASURES
OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Reduces absenteeism 13 13
Promote sense of belongingness
54 54
Improves enthusiasm at work 33 33
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 54% of the employees responded it will promote sense of
belongingness, 33% of the respondents believe that it improves enthusiasm and the rest 13% of
the employee believe that it reduces absenteeism.
CHART: 4.1.17 SHOWING PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVE WELFARE
MEASURES BY EMPLOYEES
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CHART: 4.1.18
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SAFETY & WELFARE FACILITIES WILL LEAD TO HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE
OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Strongly agree 69 69
Partially agree 19 19
Disagree 12 12
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 69% of the respondents strongly agree that the welfare
facilities available to them will create a healthy environment, 19% of the respondents partiallyagree with this and rest 12% of the respondents totally disagree with this concept.
CHART: 4.1.18 SHOWING SAFETY & WELFARE FACILITIES WILL LEAD TO
HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE
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TABLE: 4.1.19
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OPINION ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITIES
CRITERIAS POOR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT TOTAL
Sufficient
space
0 51 27 22 100
Quality food 7 67 20 6 100
Cleanliness 8 10 78 4 100
Variety food 24 49 27 0 100
Price 0 9 73 18 100
Drinking
water
0 8 69 23 100
INFERENCE:
The following are inferred from the above table
Regarding sufficient space in the canteen
51% of the respondents have rated it as average, 27% of the respondents have rated it as good
and 22% have rated it as excellent
Regarding quality food in the canteen
7% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 67% have rated it as average, 20% have rated it asgood and 6% have rated it as excellent.
Regarding cleanliness in the canteen
8% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 10% have rated it as average, 78% have rated it as
good and 4% have rated it as excellent.
Regarding variety food in the canteen
24% of the respondents have rated it as poor, 49% have rated it as average, 27% have rated it as
good and none have rated it as excellent.
Regarding price in the canteen
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None of the respondents have rated it as poor, 9% have rated it as average, 73% have rated it as
good and 18% have rated it as excellent.
Regarding drinking water in the canteen
None of the respondents have rated it as poor, 8% have rated it as average, 69% have rated it asgood and 23% have rated it as excellent.
CHART: 4.1.19 SHOWING OPINION ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITIES
TABLE: 4.1.20
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ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS
ACTIONS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Make use of safety aids
regularly
19 19
Give sufficient training 81 81
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 19% of the respondents believe that safety aids must be
used regularly so as to reduce accidents and the rest 81% of the respondents feel that sufficient
training must be given.
CHART: 4.1.20 SHOWING ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS
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TABLE: 4.1.21
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IMMEDIATE ADDRESSAL OF GREVIANCES RELATING TO SAFETY AND
WELFARE
OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Strongly agree 78 78
Partially agree 16 16
Disagree 6 6
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 78% of the respondents strongly agree that problems
relating to safety and welfare are addressed immediately, 16% of the respondents partially agreeto this and the rest 6% of the respondents disagree with this.
CHART: 4.1.21 SHOWING IMMEDIATE ADDRESSAL OF GREVIANCES
RELATING TO SAFETY AND WELFARE
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TABLE: 4.1.22
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MOTIVATION FROM SOME WELFARE FACILITIES WHICH RESULTS IN
SATISFACTION AT WORK
OPINION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 79 79
No 21 21
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 79% of the respondents get motivated by some of the
welfare facilities like employee holiday camp which results in satisfaction at their work and the
rest 21% of the respondents do not agree with this.
CHART: 4.1.22 SHOWING MOTIVATION FROM SOME WELFARE FACILITIES
WHICH RESULTS IN SATISFACTION AT WORK
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TABLE: 4.1.23
SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
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ATTENDED NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Yes 100 100
No 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that all the 100 respondents have attended the safety training
program.
CHART: 4.1.23 SHOWING ATTENDING OF SAFETY TRAINING PRROGRAM
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TABLE: 4.1.24
USEFULNESS OF THE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
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VIEWS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Greatly useful 20 20
Useful to some extent 69 69
Least useful 11 11
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 69% of the respondents feel that the safety training
program provided to them was useful to some extent only, 20% of them stated that it was greatly
useful and the rest 11% said that it was useful to the least.
CHART: 4.1.24 SHOWING USEFULNESS OF THE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM
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TABLE: 4.1.25
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OVERALL SATISFACTION OF SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES BY THE
EMPLOYEES
VIEWS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
To Great Extent 57 57
To some extent 43 43
To the Least 0 0
Total 100 100
INFERENCE:
From the above table it is inferred that 57% of the respondents feel that the on the whole they
are completely satisfied by the safety and welfare measures provided to them and 43% of thepeople say that they are satisfied to some extent none of them have said that they are least
satisfied.
CHART: 4.1.25 SHOWING THE SATISFACTION ON SAFETY AND WLFARE
MEASURES ON THE WHOLE BY THE EMPLOYEES
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CHI-SQUARE TEST:
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Aim:
To find out whether there is significance difference between experience factor and the
overall satisfaction factor towards safety and welfare measures.
Null Hypothesis (Ho):
There is no significance difference between experience factor of the employee and the
satisfaction factors towards safety and welfare measures.
Alternate Hypothesis (H1):
There is significance difference between experience factor and the satisfaction factor
towards safety and welfare measures.
Level of significance:
= 5%
=0.05
Degree of freedom:
= (R-1) (C-1)
= (4-1) (3-1)
= (3) (2)
= 6
Table value = 12.592
Test of Statistic:
^2 = (Oi-Ei) ^2
Ei
Table showing the relationship between the experience of employees and the overall satisfaction
of employees towards safety and welfare measures
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EXPERIENCE/SATISFACTION
FACTOR
To great
extent
To some
extent
To the least Total
1-3 4 6 0 10
3 5 Yrs 13 5 0 18
5 10 Yrs 20 12 0 32
Above 10 Yrs 20 20 0 40
Total 57 43 0 100
Observed
frequency (Oi)
Expected
frequency(Ei)
(Oi-Ei) (Oi-Ei)^2 (Oi-Ei)^2
Ei4 5.7 1.7 2.89 0.5
6 4.3 1.7 2.89 0.65
0 0 0 0 0
13 10.2 2.8 7.8 0.76
5 7.7 2.8 7.2 0.93
0 0 0 0 0
20 18.2 1.8 3.2 0.17
12 13.7 1.7 2.8 0.20
0 0 0 0 0
20 22.8 7.8 7.8 0.34
20 17.2 7.8 7.8 0.45
0 0 0 0 0
Total= 4.
Calculated value is < than the table value
Ho is accepted
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Hence there is no significance difference between the experience factor and the overall
satisfaction level of the employees towards safety and welfare measure
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CHAPTER - 5
FINDINGS
FINDINGS
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The following things are found out from the survey conducted in INTERGRAL COACH
FACTORY (ICF) among 100 employees
1. All the employees who were surveyed come under lower cadre of management and they
work in shop floor.
2. More than 70% of the employees surveyed are above 30 Yrs.
3. The employees selected for survey is only male.
4. 62% of the employees have completed 10th and 12th and only 28% of the employees have
done their diploma.
5. 40% of the employees have the experience of above 10 Yrs in the organization.
6. From the survey conducted it is found out that all the employees (100%) are completely
aware of the safety and welfare measures provided to them.7. Almost 76% of the employees have said that the safety measures provided to them are
effective to great extent.
8. It is found out that all the employees are satisfied with the ventilation and the lighting in
their work place.
9. The frequency of the machines being checked is found out to be regular and satisfactory
because most of the employees have said that the frequency of checking depends on the
type of machine used. If it requires daily checking then it is done properly and they dont
take any chance of risk in these criteria. Only 25% of the employees surveyed have said
that machines are being checked only after damage.
10. The working conditions of the machines are found to be satisfactory by most of the
employees who have been surveyed. Since there is regular maintenance and checking of
machines, there is satisfaction among employees. Noise level is the factor in which 43%
of the employees are dissatisfied with the machines.
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11. When surveyed about the method of education to be given for safety of employees most
of the employees preferred safety demonstrations to be best method. 26% of the
employees have opted for highlighting unsafe practices and the remaining have said for
safety lectures, films and posters.
12. The frequency of accidents is found to be very rare (75%) in the organization.
13. The employees who have been surveyed has stated that the frequency of accidents is rare
and if at all the accidents happen it is because of the carelessness of the employees. Most
of the respondents have opted for the above mentioned factor. 37% of the people have
said that the employee doesnt have sufficient knowledge about safety and very few
respondents (5%) have said that the safety tools are improper.
14. From the survey conducted in ICF it is found out that the safety aids like fire
extinguishers, alarms are available at easily accessible points so that they can use it
immediately at the time of emergencies. 61% of the respondents have opted yes for it and
the rest 39% have opted No for it.
15. Almost all the (65%) employees are satisfied with the welfare facilities available to them.
Since it is a government organization all the employees enjoy equal benefit of welfare
schemes like pension, transportation, leave benefits etc. And because of this satisfaction
many of the employees feel that it will lead to better outcome in production and
satisfaction at their work place.
16. Many of the employees are very much satisfied with the current welfare facility. 54 % of
the employees have said that it will promote sense of belongingness and 33% of the
employees have said that the welfare schemes provided to them will create enthusiasm at
work.
17. From the research it is found out that almost all the employees (69%) believe that the
current safety and welfare measures has created a good and healthy working environment
between management and the employees which in turn states that there is complete level
of satisfaction towards these measures.
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18. When asked opinion about the canteen facility, space factor and quality of food is found
to be average. The drinking water, cleanliness and price of food is found to be good. The
employees (24%) have stated that there is no variety in food.
19. 81% of the employees have stated that sufficient training on safety should be given so as
to reduce accidents and 19% of the employees have said that safety tools should be used
regularly.
20. Any problems relating to safety and welfare are found to be solved immediately. It is
found out that all the employees have attended safety training program and the training
provided to them was somewhat useful to them at their work place.
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CHAPTER 6
RECOMMENDATIONS
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RECOMMENDATIONS
The area of interest taken for study is Satisfaction level on Safety and welfare measure in ICF.
The following things have been recommended to the organization so that any improvements that
are suggested by the researcher can be implemented at the earliest so that the safety and welfare
become more effective.
1. Since all the employees are very much aware of all the safety and welfare measures, the
company is suggested to maintain the same standard of making people aware about any
further additions that is to be made in future.
2. The satisfaction levels on these safety and welfare measures are found to be excellent and
the organization is asked to maintain the same level with the same efforts.
3. The company can try to give much more safety training to employees and can take more
necessary steps to educate the employees.
4. The noise should be control has possible it can by using proper windows and controlling
the sound of the machines.
5. It is suggested that safety education programs can be given as preferred by the employees
so that the understanding level will be high if their method is adopted rather than
adopting employers method of teaching.
6. The safety education program should be made to each and every employee. And also
provide all the safety guard for the work or at the time of working.
7. To avoid employees carelessness during work hours which leads to accidents it is been
recommended that any mild punishments can be given like warnings or cut off in pay so
that it may reduce their carelessness.
8. The employees can be given more variety in food and the quality of food can still be
improvised.
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CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
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The study titled as LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY
AND WELFARE MEASURES was done in a very formal and in a proper manner. Since
safety and welfare are the most important factors for any employee working in any organization
to produce better results, Integral Coach Factory (ICF) has taken care of these measures very
well which resulted in the high level of satisfaction towards these measures.
Employees should play a more concerted role in safety and accident prevention program and in
arousing safety consciousness. Safety should become a habit among employees instead of mere
compulsion.
The study was conducted with the help of questionnaire by taking survey in informal manner
without disturbing the work of employees and the totals of 100 employees were surveyed.
It finally conclude by stating that Safety acts as life line for the employees and Welfare of the
employees is to keep the morale and motivation of the employees always high to retain them for
longer period of time which is very well understood by the management team of ICF and are
taken very good care about these measures which has resulted in good level of satisfaction from
employees towards Safety and Welfare measures
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CHAPTER - 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. Alexander Gamanji human resource management prentice hall of the India private
limited third edition (1998).
2. Jacques whit ford human resource management prentice hall of the India private
limited tenth edition (2006).
3. Jon M Werner and randy C De Simon human resource development Thomson south
western fourth edition (2006).
4. Kothari CR research methodology new age international private limited 2 edition
(2005).
5. Humayan seraj personnel management Himalaya publishing house (1980).
6. Richard & Levin & David S robin statistics for management hall of the India private
limited seventh edition (2006).
7. Stephen D Robbin organization behaviourprantice hall of the India private limited
eleventh (2005).
8. Wayee R Lascio human resource management MC Graw Hill publishing company
limited seventh edition 2006).
9. Lawrence K.C personnel management journal construction innovation information
forever management third edition 2005.
10 .Finkelistern & Foel B human resource management national safety council second
edition 2001.
WEBSITES
www.google.com
www.icf.com
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CHAPTER 9
APPENDIX-
QUESTIONNAIRE
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SATISFACTIONLEVEL OF THE EMPLOYEES TOWARDS SAFETY AND
WELFARE MEASURES IN INTEGRAL COACH FACTORY (ICF)
Questionnaire:
Dear Sir/ Madam,
I am V.PRABHU doing MBA [final year] from SAVEETHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
conducting a research A STUDY ON THE SATISFACTION LEVEL OF EMPLOYEES
TOWARDS SAFETY AND WELFARE MEASURES IN INTEGRAL COACH
FACTORY
I will be grateful if you kindly help me by filling up this questionnaire
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Age: ________
Gender:
(a) Male (b) Female
Experience:
(a) 1 - 3 Years (b) 3 - 5 Years (c) 5 - 10 Years (d) Above 10 Years
Educational qualification:
(a) 10th std
(b) 12th std
(c) Diploma
(d) UG
(e) PG
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PLEASE TICK THE MOST SUITABLE OPTION:
1. Are you aware of the safety measures provided in your organization?
(a) Yes (b) No
2. How far the safety measures provided to you are effective?
(a) To great extent (b) To some extent (c) To the least
3. Are you satisfied with ventilation and lighting?
(a) Yes (b) No
4. What is the frequency of the machines being checked?
(a) Daily (b) After any damage (c) Depends on the machine
5. Tell about your satisfaction level of the working condition of machines by ticking in the
appropriate box:
Particulars
Highly satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfiednor dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Machine safety
Machine
maintenance
Noise level
6. Have you attended any safety training program previously?
(a) Yes (b) No
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7. How far was that training useful to you at your work spot and for your Job?
(a) Greatly useful (b) To some extent (c) Least useful
8. In your opinion, which method of safety education will be best suitable for the employee?
(a) Poster
(b) (b) Safety demonstrations
(c) Highlighting unsafe practices
(d) Safety films
(e) Safety lectures
9. How frequent are accidents occurring in your organization?
(a) Very often (b) Rarely
10. What do you think as the reasons for the accidents happening in the company in spite of all
safety measures?
(a) Carelessness of employee
(b) Inadequate knowledge about the safety tools
(c) Improper safety tools/Aids
11. Are you sufficiently provided with the safety measures that are of at most importance at the
time of emergencies like fire extinguisher, first aid box etc?
(a) Yes (b) No
12. Are you aware of all the welfare facilities provided to you?
(a) Yes (b) No
13. The welfare facilities available to you will increase the productivity/ outcome level of each
individual employee?
(a) Yes (b) No14. Are you satisfied by the leave benefits given to you?
(a) Highly satisfied (b) Satisfied (c) Dissatisfied
15. What is your perception towards the impact of effective welfare measures?
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(a) Reduces absenteeism
(b) Promote sense of belongingness
(c) Improves enthusiasm at work
16. Do you think that the safety and welfare measures will create a healthy work environment
among the management and the employees?
(a) Strongly agree
(b) Partially agree
(c) Disagree
17.TICK THE FOLLOWING ABOUT THE CANTEEN FACILITY:
CRITERIAS POOR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT
Sufficient space
Quality food
Cleanliness
Variety food
Price
Drinking water
18. Any grievances related to safety and welfare are addressed immediately/ solved
immediately?
(a) Strongly agree
(b) Partially agree
(c) Disagree
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19. What actions should be taken to reduce the accidents?
(a) Make use of the safety aids regularly
(b) Give sufficient safety training
20. Do you get motivated by some of the welfare activities like employee holiday camp or
employee children camp which results in your satisfaction at your work?
(a) Yes
(b) No
21. How far these safety and welfare measures provided to you are Satisfactory on the whole?
(b) To great extent (b) To some extent (c) To the least
* * *Thank you for your co-operation* * *