ppt22.ppt

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Slide content created by Joseph B. Mosca, Monmouth University.

Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

22

Ready Notes

Managing

Information and

Information

Technology

For in-class note taking, choose Handouts

or Notes Pages from the print options, with

three slides per page.

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Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 22 - 2

Some

information

discarded

Managers As Information Processors

Information data

Someinformation

put to

immediate

use

The ManagerSome information stored for

possible use later.

Some information combined

to form new information.

Some information passed

on to others

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Data Versus Information

Data:

Raw figures and

facts reflecting a

single aspect ofreality.

Information:

Data presented in a

way or form that has

meaning.

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Related Terms

Information Technology:

The resources used by an

organization to manage

information that it needsto carry out its mission.

Accurate Information:

Provides a valid and

reliable reflection of

reality.

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Characteristics of Useful Information

Timely information:

Available in time for appropriatemanagerial action.

Complete information: Provides managers with all the information

they need.

Relevant information:

Assures managers that the information isuseful to them in their particularcircumstances for their particular needs.

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Information

leaving the

organization

Information Management As Control

Information

entering the

organization

Organizational System:

Information used in

the organization

Preliminary control Screening Control Postaction control

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7/21Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 22 - 7

Building Blocks of a Computer-Based

Information System

Input Medium

Keyboard, scanner,

other computer,

network

Processor

Central processing

unit to organize,

manipulate, sort, or

calculate data

Output Medium

Printer, video, display,

other computer,

network

Storage

Disk or CD-Rom

Control System

Software or other form of operating system

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Who Represents the Special User Category?

Knowledge workers:

Specialists, usually

professionally trained and

certified (engineers,scientists, information

technology specialists,

psychologists), who rely

on information technologyto design new products or

create new business

processes.

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Figure 22.4: Determinants of an

Organizations Information-Processing Needs

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Major Systems by Level

Transaction-Processing System:

TPS, applications of information

processing for basic day-to-day business

transactions.

Management Information System:

MIS, supports an organizations managers

by providing daily reports, schedules,plans, and budgets.

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Figure 22.5: A Basic Management

Information System

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Systems by Level (contd):

Decision Support System:

DSS, an interactive system that locates

and presents information needed to

support the decision-making process.

Executive Support System:

ESS, a quick-reference, easy-access

application of information systems speciallydesigned for instant access by upper-level

managers.

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Systems by Level (contd):

Artificial Intelligence:

AI, the construction of

computer systems, both

hardware and software,

to imitate human

behavior; in other words,

systems that perform

physical tasks, use

thought processes, andlearn.

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The Internet

What is the NET?

A gigantic network of

networks serving

millions of computers

and offering

information on

business, science,

and government and

providing more than170,000 separate

networks around the

world.

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Internet Service Provider (ISP):

A commercial firm thatmaintains a permanentconnection to the Net andsells temporary

connections tosubscribers.

World Wide Web: WWW, a system with

universally acceptedstandards for storing,retrieving, formatting, anddisplaying information.

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Can You Define the Following?

Web browser:

The software that enables the user

to access information on the web.

Intranet: A communication network similar to

the internet but operating within the

boundaries of a single organization.

Extranet:

Network that allows selectedoutsiders limited access to an

organizations information system.

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Monitor system

Test system

Develop documentation

Integrate databases,

hardware, and

systems

Develop

database

Determine hardware

needs Determine software

needs

Brief View on Creating Information Systems:

Determineneeds

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What Are Used to Protect Against Intrusion?

FIREWALLS:

Software and

hardware systems

that allow employeesaccess to both the

internet and the

companys internal

computer network

while barring entry

by outsiders.

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Limitations of Information Systems

Information systems are

expensive and difficult

to develop and

implement.

Information systems are

not suitable for all

tasks or problems.

Managers sometimes

rely on information

systems too much.

Information provided to managers may or not

be as accurate, timely, complete, or

relevant as it first appears.

Managers may haveunrealistic expectations

of what the information

system can do.

The information systemmay be subject to sabotage

computer viruses or

downtime.

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The Impact of Information Systems on

Organizations

Leaner organizations:

Leading to leaner companies with fewer

employees.

More flexible operations: Can offer customers greater variety and

faster delivery cycles.

Increased collaboration:Among internal unites and outside firms.

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Cop right Ho ghton Mifflin Compan All rights reser ed 22 21

Impact of Information Systems (contd):

More flexible work sites:

Separation of the workplace from company

headquarters is more common.

Improved management processes: Instantaneous information is accessible in

a convenient, useable format.

Changed employee behavior: Information systems usually improve

employee efficiencies.

ppt22.ppt

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