ppt abstract

8/3/2019 Ppt Abstract

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Abstract Writing

What is an abstract?

The abstract is a mini-version of the thesis. It

should give a brief summary of the main sectionsof the paper. In other words, it is a summary of

the "information" the thesis contains.


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Types of abstracts

Descriptive AbstractsTell readers what information the report,

article, or paper contains.

Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the

report, article, or paper.Do not provide results, conclusions, or

recommendations.

Are always very short, usually under 100 words.


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Types of abstracts

Informative Abstracts

Communicate specific information from the report,

article, or paper.

Include the purpose, methods, and scope of the

report, article, or paper.

Provide the report, article, or paper's results,

conclusions, and recommendations.

Are short -- from a paragraph to a page or two,

depending upon the length of the original workbeing abstracted. Usually informative abstracts are

10% or less of the length of the original piece.


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Its purpose:

To give readers a quick identification of the

basic content of the thesis. It should "stand on

its own" and be a self-contained document. There

should be no need to look elsewhere in the thesis

for an understanding of what is said in the

abstract.


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Length:

The abstract should be very concise - the

maximum length being 50% of one page. This means

you will need to economise your use of words andtie ideas together. Use the most precise and

relevant words to best express the content of

the abstract.


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Content:

The abstract can be written as one large

paragraph, or for easy reading you can use

paragraphs for each section of the content.

Paragraph 1 should contain your objectives andscope, Paragraph 2 a description of the methods

used, Paragraph 3 a summary of the results, and

Paragraph 4 a statement of the main conclusions.


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Other considerations:

The abstract is usually written in the past tensebecause the research is already done. In other

words, write the thesis first!

While first person ("I", "we") may be used in the

body of your thesis, you must use third person

(passive) in the abstract.


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DO NOT include abbreviations or acronyms in your

abstract.

DO NOT use headings for your abstract paragraphs.

(e.g. Objectives, Methods, Results and

Conclusions)

Keep your abstract clear and simple - you are

trying to show the key points of your thesis to

attract interest.

Always check your grammar, spelling, andformatting.


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Remember:

The abstract is the first thing a reader

reads. It is an indication of the quality of

your thesis and what is to come for thereader. Impressions drawn from the reading of

the abstract greatly impact the reading of

your thesis..


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OBJECTIVE(S)

The purpose of this study was to investigate...

Another aim was to find out...

Finally, ... was examined in the study.


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METHOD(S)(X) method was applied. (Eg.

quantitative/qualitative)

The study/thesis/questionnaire/opinion examined,

focused on, was conducted, carried out, sent out,

administered

Questionnaires were sent out/administered...

(X number) responses were received


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RESULT(S)/CONCLUSION(S)

The results of the study were that...

It was found/discovered that...

The results revealed/indicated...

The main conclusion was that...

One conclusion was that...

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