Lesson Objectives:

1. Define an Abstract2. Enumerate and describe the 2 types of Abstract3. Differentiate Abstract from Introduction4. Explain the purpose and limitations of Abstract5. Evaluate the structured and unstructured

Abstract6. Show example of abstract7. Write your own abstract

ABSTRACT

- A concise summary of a larger project that precedes papers in research

journals and appear in programs of scholarly conferences, usually a one paragraph appearing at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as a point entry for any academic paper.

TYPES OF ABSTRACT

1. Structured Abstract- usually follow IMRAD pattern; original, norm, citation needed

2. Unstructured Abstract- composed of one paragraph with no explicit headings often appropriate for review articles that don’t follow the IMRAD pattern within their bodies

DESCRIPTIVE VERSUS INFORMATIVE ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACT INFORMATIVE ABSTRACT-Describes major points of the project to the reader- Includes background purpose and focus of the paper or article but never the methods, results and conclusions if it is a research paper-It is most likely used for humanities and social sciences papers or psychology essays

-Informs the audience of all the essential points of the paper-Briefly summarizes the background, purpose, focus, methods, results, findings, and conclusions of the full length paper-is concise usually 10% of the original paper length, often just one paragraph- most likely used for sciences, engineering or psychology report

Abstract differ from Introduction

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION1. The essence of the whole paper2. Covers the following academic

elements:-background-purpose & focus-methods-results/ findings-conclusions/Recommendations

3. Summarize briefly the whole paper including the conclusions

1. Introduces the paper2. Covers the following academic

elements-background-purpose-proposition-also called point of view or thesis statement-outline of key issues-scope

3. Introduces the paper and foregrounds issues for discussion

Purpose and Limitations of Abstract

ACADEMIC LITERATURE• To successfully communicate complex research-

act as stand-alone entity of a full paper

USED BY ORGANIZATIONSBasis for selecting research that is proposed for oral presentation or workshop presentation in an academic conference• Full texts of scientific papers most often

purchased because of copyright/ publisher’s fees

Purpose and Limitations of Abstract

Protected Under Copyright Law• For its relevance and merits of

the paper.• Significant selling point for the

report or electronic form of the full text

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Offers Detailed Outline of the Research Project and serves as roadmap

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Statement of Purpose

This study examined the relationship between the buying processes of consumers and the motivating factors that salesmen do for decision making when a consumer product is introduced through personal selling.

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Research Question

Includes questions you are trying to solve, concise statement that flows from the statement of purpose, translates into thesis statement that you prove or disprove

EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH QUESTION TRANSLATED INTO THESIS STATEMENT

Salesmen of consumer goods in Santiago City Philippines who use personal selling strategy scores better than those who merely sell online without face to face encounter with the consumer

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

Argues for the significance of your research and how it will contribute to the field or the community; to whom and why it is important

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONExplain how data is collected, analyzed and interpreted; If these are already been collected, describe where the data are from and how you will access them

LET US WRITE

DIRECTIONS

Write in your heading the title of your study, followed by a simple background of your study depicting your purpose or focus and the expected methods you used in finding the result of your data gathered

CRAFTING A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

BENCHMARKS

INCLUDE REALISTIC AND THOROUGH TIMELINE, PRESENTED AS SERIES OF BENCHMARKS

ASSIGNMENT

- Be able to encode and print your one page Abstract and submit next meeting. Follow our Format:

- Arial Font size 11, 2 in X 2 in, One paragraph without indention, 200 to 500 words only.