Benefi ts

Improve

Effectiveness Efficiency

Productivity

Reducing

Problem StatementThe output in misaligned manner will affect the productivity. The main cause for this problem and way of solving is yet to be found.

Original Problem to resolve

Function Analysis

Cause and Effect Analysis

Engineering Contradiction

Contradiction Matrix

Specific Inventive Principle

Process Flow Function Analysis

Conveyor Belt(Subject)

Materials (Object)

Transfer/sent

Materials Misaligned

Motor Problem Machine Not Function Well

SpeedProgram Furnace Problem

Insufficient Power

The Gap Between Exit of Furnace with Conveyor

Belt

Conveyor belt become slow

or lag

The Rate Of Conveyor

Belt

Error in estimated material’s

weight

Wrong expected time

Wrong Program Code

New technology not

fit to current system

Old Machining Component

Cooling System

Poor Air Ventilation

Overheat

Affect Cooling System

VibrationTemperature

Sensor / Thermometer

Spoilt

Unstable Heating

Temperature

Problem of Material Flow Out

From Exit

Moving Too Fast

The materials dropped down to

conveyor belt inconsistently

Vibration of the materials

Cause and Effect Chain Analysis

ENGINEERING CONTRADICTION

If the gap in between is reduced, then materials will flow systematically without any gaps in between them , vibration is reduced but construction and arrangement of these two equipment are difficult and complex.

Worsening parameter

Improving parameterDevice Complexity

#36

Reliability #27 #13 The other way round#35 Parameter changes#1 Segmentation

Measurement Accuracy

#28 #27 Cheap short living objects#35 Parameter changes#10 Preliminary action (Prior action – “ Do it in advance”)#34 Discarding and recovering

Productivity #39 #12 Equipotentiality (Remove tension)#17 Another dimension#28 Mechanics substitution#24 Intermediary

Selected Inventive PrinciplePrinciple 13 : The Other Way RoundPrinciple 17 : Another Dimension

Principle 28 : Mechanical Substitution

Proposed Soluti onPrinciple 13 The Other Way Round Principle 17 Another Dimension Principle 28 Mechanical Substitution

Substitute a small ladder at the exit of furnace so that the materials can flow smoothly and align

Lift up the conveyor belt and put it inclined so

that the materials can follow the

direction of conveyor belt

Year Past Present Future

Diagram

Characteristic WoodHeavyUn-foldable Manually Slow

SteelLightFoldableEasy to operate

Stainless SteelLightFoldableAutomaticallyFast

Disadvantages

Inconveniences

Function Analysis

Wheelchair(Subject)

Guardian(Subject)

Users (Object)

Wheelchair(Object)

Carry

Push

Flow ChartOriginal problem to resolve

S-Curve Analysis

Indicator

Recommendation

Trend of Engineering System Evolution

Function Analysis

51.70%

26.60%

13.90%7.80%

Industrial

Transportation

Residential

Commercial

Problem Description Demand of Energy consumption increased rapidly.

The maximum utilization of renewable energy sources could be limited by several critical underlying reasons

Limitations of Renewable

Energies

Intermittent energy harvesting

Climate constraints

Geographical constraints

Limited control over natural phenomena

Limitation

Factors Conventional Capacitors Electrochemical capacitors Batteries

Charge time 10 -6 ~ 10-3 s 1 ~ 30 s 0.3 ~ 3 h

Discharge time 10 -6 ~ 10-3 s 1 ~ 30 s 1 ~ 5 h

Specific power (W/kg) 10,000 1000 ~ 2000 50 ~ 200

Specific energy (Wh/kg) < 0.1 1 ~ 10 20 ~ 100

Cycle life (cycle) > 500,000 > 100,000 500 ~ 2000

Charge-discharge efficiency (%) ~ 100 % 90 % ~ 95 % 70 % ~ 85 %

Comparison Properties & Performance

Electrochemical Capacitors is most

suitable

Benefits Offer flexible alternatives in cost reduction by utilizing cost-effective and environmental friendly electrode materials and electrolyte.

Resolve safety problem of the organic electrolyte.

Optimize the performance of electrochemical capacitors to be equally important and compatible to batteries.

Step 1

• Analysis of the problem

Step 2

• Function Analysis

Step 3

• Cause & Effect Chain Analysis (CECA)

Step 4

• Engineering Contradiction

Step 5

• Contradiction Matrix

Step 6

• Specific Inventive Principle

Process Flow

Curr

ent

Co

llect

or

Curr

ent

Co

llect

or

CathodeAnode

Separator

Electrolyte ion

Diffus

eDiffuse

Separator Separator

Hold

Hol

d

ion ion

Function Analysis

Commercial organic-based electrochemical capacitors are not as

widely used as battery

Low safety Cause fire and

explosion

Poor specific power

Flammable and volatile solvents

High resistance/low conductivity

High toxicity Contamination to environment

Performances are not optimized

Choice of current collectors

Choice of electrolytes

Poor specific energy

Limited cell voltage

Poor capacitance

High costHigh material cost

High fabrication cost

Choice of electrode materials

Cause and Effect Chain Analysis

Improving Parameter Worsening Parameter

#31 Object-generated harmful factors #10 Force (Intensity)

#32 Ease of manufacture #21 Stability of object’s composition

#33 Ease of operation

Engineering Contradiction

Worsening parameter

Improving parameter

Force (Intensity) Stability of object’s composition

#10 #13

Object-generated harmful factors #31 #35 Parameter changes#40 Composite materials#1 Segmentation #28 Mechanics substitution

#35 Parameter changes#40 Composite materials#39 Inert atmosphere (calmed atmosphere)

Ease of manufacture #32 #35 Parameter changes#12 Equipotentiality (remove tension)

#1 Segmentation#11 Beforehand cushioning#13 The other way around

Ease of operation #33 #35 Parameter changes#13 The other way around#28 Mechanics substitution

#35 Parameter changes#30 Flexible shells and thin films#32 Color changes

Inventive Principle #1 Segmentation

#35 Parameter Changes#40 Composite Materials

Potential SolutionPrinciple 35 : Parameter Changes

Organic to Aqueous (Solid to Liquid)

Increase the concentration of electrolyte

Principle 40 : Composite Materials

Hybrid Capacitor

Increase Cell Voltage

Principle 1 : Segmentation

Nanomaterials

Reduced ion diffusionFaster kinetics

More efficient contact of eletrolyteions