potentials and barriers for scaling mus in india, nepal, ethiopia, ghana and tanzania
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Barbara van Koppen (IWMI South Africa) on the potentials and barriers for scaling MUS in India, Nepal, Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania during the Seminar on Multiple Use water Services in the context of Dutch policy and practice. Wednesday 26 June 2013. International Water House, Bezuidenhoutseweg 2, The Hague, The Netherlands.TRANSCRIPT
If MUS is such a good idea, why doesn’t it spread like wildfire?
Potential and barriers for scaling MUS; based on scoping studies in India, Nepal, Ethiopia, Ghana, Tanzania
Barbara van Koppen & Stef Smits
MUS models:• domestic-plus: higher service levels: climbing the water ladder• irrigation-plus: improving access for non-irrigation uses• MUS by design: community-driven planning and design
Silo-ed scaling partners: • Domestic-plus WASH • Irrigation-plus irrigation sector• MUS by design:
Plus approaches; holistic water services; water resource programs e.g., 3 R, NRM, ecosystems
Community-driven development and employment generation
Strategies for scaling MUS: ‘Models’ and ‘Scaling partners’
Water
Devmt
MUS by design in community-driven development/employment generation
Local government/implementing agents; e.g., • India MG National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme:
55 million households; 2/3 assets water: the world’s largest rural water project!
• Community driven development: e.g. PAF Nepal;TASAF Tanzania
Taps: communities’ self-supply for multiple uses/benefits, efficiently from multiple sources, through cost-effective multi-purpose infrastructure, according to own priorities, leveraging own investments, for sustainable health and wealth
Accountability Paradox
Expertise-based, competitive funding;
accountable for infrastructure
(output) and single livelihood (outcome)
Not my job; already so complex; no extra
costs
People’s planning
Discretion;Demand-
driven expertise
MUS opportunities-1: outcomes
WASH
My sub-sector is accountable to:
IrrigationMy sub-sector is accountable to:
Key messages
Livelihood impacts
Improve health - by clean drinking water and sanitation Other methods, health aspects and livelihoods are not my job
Improve food, productivity, and income through crops (and health related to that) Other livelihoods are not my job
Meet multiple livelihoods for more outcomes
(allow for more flexibility in project formulation!)
Water safetyHealth impacts
Treat all domestic water, also for domestic uses that do not need drinking water quality
Domestic-plus is a waste of expensive treated water
Forbid people to drink water from canals
Drinking water quality is not my expertise and not my job
Ensure 3-5 lpcd clean Reduce costs for larger quantities
of lesser quality for personal hygiene and for other domestic uses and productive uses
WASH
My sub-sector is accountable to:
IrrigationMy sub-sector is accountable to:
Key messages:
Equity in fund allocation
Domestic-plus delays reaching the unserved and meeting their human rights
Target basic domestic services to all to realize one human right
Water for broader socio-economic human rights (food, livelihoods) are not my job
Provide more water for more land, widening gaps
Prioritize fund allocation to meet domestic needs and minimum productive needs for all
? Universal domestic-plus (gender/landless)
MUS is more cost-effective
Cost recovery
Domestic-plus generates income for better cost-recovery (favouring MUS)
Cost-recovery even for just operation and maintenance is weak
More uses increase ability to pay (favouring MUS)
Cost-recovery even for just operation and maintenance is weak
Broaden the benefits, and hence the basis for cost-recovery, through multi-purpose infrastructure
Target life-line subsidies to the poor Those who can pay should pay
MUS opportunities-2: reaching the poor/women cost-effectively
WASH
My sub-sector is accountable to:
IrrigationMy sub-sector is accountable
to:Key messages:
Pro-poor water allocation
Allowing for productive uses will steal water from domestic uses and increase inequities
Infrastructure designed for domestic uses means it IS a priority
Domestic and livestock uses are negligible quantities, so acceptable
Infrastructure designed for irrigation means it IS a priority, irrespective of statutory/human rights law
Prioritize water allocation for basic domestic and productive water uses for all, meeting various human rights, and ensure enforcement
MUS opportunities-3: allocating water equitably/efficiently
Thanks for your attentionwww.musgroup.net