postharvest training workshop susanta k.roy professor emeritus “identification of appropriate...
TRANSCRIPT
Postharvest Training Workshop
SUSANTA K.ROY PROFESSOR EMERITUS
“Identification of Appropriate Postharvest Technologies for Improving Market Access and Incomes for Small Horticultural
Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia”
54 Graduate Students from Amity University, Jaipur including 5 Post Graduate Students from IARI Registered at Noida.
• 51 Graduate Students registered at Lucknow .
BMGF /WFLO Postharvest Loss Assessment Workshop was organised at Amity University:
*Noida Campus on May 11 - 12,2009 * Lucknow Campus on May 14 - 15,2009
Introductory remark was given by Dr. Lisa Kitinoja, Group Leader, World Food Logistics Organization highlighting :
1. BMGF /WFLO Appropriate Postharvest technology Planning Project Goals and objectives
2. Commodity Systems Assessment Methodology (CSAM)
Group Exercise
• Each team selected one of the three crops namely viz. Cucurbits, Tomatoes & Onions.
Teams discussed 25 steps of CSAM.
Identified, discussed causes and sources of postharvest losses and quality problems
Each team identified known and missing information from production through marketing.
Formed teams of 6 students each;
Noida
Lucknow
Day – 2
BREAKOUT SESSION 1 -Postharvest Losses and Quality Assessment
BREAKOUT SESSION 2 - Commodity Systems Assessment Methodology (CSAM)
POST HARVEST LOSSES AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Postharvest tool kit and utilization of tools and equipment for measuring maturity and quality
Protocol for Data Collection to determine current levels of postharvest losses and quality changes in 10 crops
Discussion and selection of appropriate data collection site for each crop
Practice session : utilization and completion of sample worksheet for Data Collection
Following areas were covered:
DEMONSTRATION SET UP FOR BMGF POST HARVEST LOSS WORKSHOP
Time Temperature and Packaging effect on different crops
Produce defect and mechanical handling damage
Package and Packaging samples
Setting up of experiment
Ambient RefrigeratorIce Box
Conditions at the end of five day storage
Final Observation
Crop-wise Weight Loss and Quality Assessment under different Time, Temperature and
Packaging conditions
Ice Box (Temp 0°C)
, % Wt. Loss 3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C)
, % Wt. Loss 5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), % Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), % Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
0.24 0.4 2.49 2.6 3.39750849377122
5.39826349565875
Vented plas-tic Bag
0.07 0.390000000000001
1.98 2.4 2.48933143669986
3.73399715504979
Non-vented plastic bag
0.0400000000000001
0.14 0.730000000000001
1.07 0.217864923747265
0.43572984749455
0.501.502.503.504.505.50
TomatoesPercentage
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
0.56204063986165
6
1.94552529182879
3.56987374836744
5.57248585111014
17.032967032967
24.8520710059172
Vented plas-tic Bag
0 0.46511627906976
8
1.58227848101266
2.07956600361663
9.70425138632161
10.8595194085028
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0.04066693777958
29
0.24400162667750
9
0 0.29448885149347
5
1.38211382113822
1.54471544715447
2.507.50
12.5017.5022.50
BananaP
erc
en
tag
e
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
0.24 0.4 2.49 2.6 3.39750849377122
5.39826349565875
Vented plas-tic Bag
0.161355385235985
0.262202501008473
0.512625783178289
0.607556483766859
1.52998776009792
2.59077927376581
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0.040799673602608
9
0.040799673602608
9
0.039200313602506
7
0.137201097608779
0.139525612916083
0.777356986246757
0.501.502.503.504.505.50
MangoP
erce
nta
ge
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
2.0442930153322
2.0442930153322
5.13698630136986
7.19178082191779
12.8644939965695
20.926243567753
Vented plastic Bag
0.59642147117296
1
0.99403578528827
1.27579737335834
1.57598499061913
4.31400282885431
7.001414427157
Non-vented plastic bag
0.50675675675676
4
1.60472972972973
0.29166666666666
2
0.37500000000000
3
0.08375209380235
23
0.92127303182580
3
2.507.50
12.5017.5022.50
BrinjalP
erc
en
tage
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
3.77598642341959
5.26092490453966
10.8108108108108
20.1435810810811
35.3349673202614
54.9428104575162
Vented plas-tic Bag
0.155520995334362
0.777604976671853
1.98366394399067
2.02255931544147
5.89153335934453
8.97385875926648
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0.077669902912616
9
0.543689320388341
0.038971161340616
8
0.311769290724869
0.193948797517456
0.387897595034912
5.0015.0025.0035.0045.0055.00
OkraP
erce
nta
ge
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refrig-erated (Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refrig-erated (Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room (Tem. 37° C -
40°C), % Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room (Tem. 37° C -
40°C), % Wt. loss
5-day
No Package
2.097902097902
11
2.511125238397
98
6.268656716417
91
10.06784260515
61
13.81168462847
42
20.53318207600
68
Vented plas-tic Bag
1.766091051805
34
2.080062794348
51
4.259476357952
33
6.565064478311
85
4.655712050078
24
8.059467918622
87
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0.071890726096
3295
0.251617541337
163
1.017811704834
61
2.217375499818
25
0.184774575018
477
0.332594235033
273
2.50
7.50
12.50
17.50
22.50
Cucumber
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
5.80645161290323
9.11290322580645
13.0401234567901
19.5216049382716
54.9193548387097
81.048387096774
Vented plas-tic Bag
0.320000000000005
1.36 9.49764521193095
10.1255886970173
28.9075630252101
34.8739495798319
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0.079872204472850
3
0.638977635782746
0.076804915514588
6
0.76804915514593
0.074626865671637
6
0.970149253731352
5.00
25.00
45.00
65.00
85.00
SpinachPe
rcen
tage
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
3-day
Ice Box (Temp 0°C) , % Wt. Loss
5-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 3-day
Refriger-ated
(Temp 5°C), %
Wt. Loss 5-day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 3- day
Ambient Room
(Tem. 37° C - 40°C),
% Wt. loss 5-day
No Pack-age
6.74946004319655
9.50323974082073
14.9507119386638
21.5224534501643
38.0021141649049
57.7167019027484
Vented plas-tic Bag
5.59481743227326
5.59481743227326
6.91389063482087
8.86235072281584
20.4095112285337
31.7040951122853
Non-vented plas-tic bag
0 0.514579759862782
0.313479623824453
0.250783699059565
0.724233983286915
1.16991643454039
5.0015.0025.0035.0045.0055.00
AmaranthP
erce
nta
ge
Commodities Ice Box (Temp 0°C) Refrigerated (Temp 5°C) Ambient Room (Tem. 37° C - 40°C)
TomatoesVented pack was most acceptable,
softening in controlVented pack was the best, others
were also acceptableLost firmness, control was slightly leathery,
packed tomatoes were better
BananaSevere browning observed, packed
ones were in a better condition
Chilling injury in control, severe browning, browning was observed
in packed ones alsobrowning and shrinkage in control, packed Non-Vented was in a much better condition
Mango
Browning and softening in control and non vented, while Vented pack
retained better quality
control as well as vented bag retained freshness
Vented pack was the best, freshness retained. Control was also acceptable,mangoes in Non-
Vented bags showed softening
Brinjal All retained good quality
shrinkage in control, Vented pack retaied firm brinjals, Non-Vented showed slight brown spots with
softening
Severe shrinkage in control, Vented pack retained best quality, Non-Vented pack was
also in acceptable condition
Okra
Shrinkage in control, Vented packs retailed green, fresh okra followed
by Non-Vented
shrinkage in control, Vented packs retained good quality green okra
followed by Non-VentedSevere shrinkage in control, some shrinkage
in Vented packs also
CucumberVented pack was most acceptable,
softening in controlVented pack was the best, slight
softening and shrinkage in control overall- Lost firmness, control was slightly
leathery.
Spinach
Leaves wilted in all, lost turgidity in control, slight browning in Vented
pack, Non-Vented pack was acceptable
Leaves wilted in control and slightly in Vented and Non-Vented packs,
browning in control
Severe wilting and eventually drying of leaves, Vented pack was most acceptable, In
Non-Vented, leaves started rotting
Amranth
Most acceptable in Non-Vented pack, maximum wilting observed in
control. Non-Vented pack retained maximum
freshness, wilting in control
Severe wilting in control, Non-Vented retained good quality, slight wilting in Vented
pack
Final Observations
Defects and injuries
Double Onion with crack
Bruises
Cut
Mechanical damanges
Sun burnFungal infection
Greening Chilling injury
Harvesting damage
Package and Packaging Samples
Postharvest tool kit and the utilization of tool and equipment for measuring maturity and quality
Digital temperature probe; measuring temperatures Firmness or pressure tester; measuring firmness Refractometer; measuring soluble solids or sugars Psychomotor; measuring relative humidity Laser Thermometer for air temperature Other useful tools and supplies:
Scales Calipers Sizing rings
Refractometer Caliper Sizing rings
Scale Temperature probe Psychrometer
Pressure TesterColour chartLaser thermometer
Post
har
vest
tool
kit
Post harvest tool kit
CONCLUSION
On-Farm Wholesale Retail
The workshop conducted both at Noida and Lucknow prepared the graduate students for
field work and use of tools and techniques