pospectus common law university of london

2009 – 2010Undergraduate programmes in Law

Bachelor of Laws (LLB) Diploma in Law and Diploma in the Common Lawby External study

2009 – 2010

www.londonexternal.ac.uk/llb

Academic direction by:Birkbeck

King’s College LondonThe London School of Economics and Political Science

Queen MarySchool of Oriental and African Studies

UCL (University College London)

Undergraduate study in Laws

Glossary of terms

n Credit transfer – Recognition Credit transfer – Recognition Credit transferof prior university study for the purpose of admitting students for Graduate Entry or accepting individual subjects as completed.

n Examination entry – The form that Examination entry – The form that Examination entryyou fi ll in to register for examinations.

n External student – A student External student – A student External studentregistered for an External programme of study.

n External System – The structure that provides support and delivery for ‘External study’, i.e. the framework by which someone is able to earn a University of London award without attending a College or Institute of the University.

n Federal University – The University of Federal University – The University of Federal UniversityLondon is a federal university made up of 19 Colleges and 10 Institutes.

n Graduate Entry Route – If you already have a full fi rst degree (acceptable to the University) you may opt

for this study route, where nine subjects are studied instead of 12.

n Intermediate subjects – The fi rst group of subjects that you will study and be examined in.

n Laws Consortium – The academic direction for the Laws programmes by External study is provided by a consortium of those Colleges of the University that have a Law School/Faculty: Birkbeck, King’s College London, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Queen Mary, School of Oriental and African Studies, and UCL (University College London).

n Laws Skills Portfolio – For a Qualifying Law Degree, fi nal-year students submit evidence of attainment in legal research and other skills.

n Occasional student – If you meet Occasional student – If you meet Occasional studentthe entrance requirements you may

choose to study one or more of the subjects from the syllabus as a short course. You may choose to be examined on this subject and, on passing, will receive a certifi cate.

n Qualifying Law Degree (QLD) – A degree that satisfi es the legal professional bodies’ requirements for the Academic Stage of legal training for England and Wales, and enables students to enter the Vocational Stage of training as a solicitor or a barrister where they will gain practical knowledge and skills.

n Regulations – The rules governing the structure and content of your programme, as well as progression and assessment details. The regulations for all our programmes can be found online at: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/general_resources/regulations/index.shtml

www.londonexternal.ac.uk/llb 1

Application deadline: You can apply throughout the year, but we strongly advise you to apply as early as possible. Applications must be received no later than:n 17 September* (students resident outside the EU)n 17 October* (students resident within the EU)

LLB/Diploma in the Common Law registration deadline: 30 November*

Diploma in Law registration deadline: 31 October*

Examinations take place: May/June

* In the year before you intend to sit your first examinations.

Note: Diploma in Law students and those who wish to receive institutional support for the LLB should contact the teaching institution, which may require you to make an earlier application.

Undergraduate study in Laws

Key dates

Using this prospectus

Contents

LLB Schemes A and B Recognition of prior study

Graduate Entry Routes A and B

How to applyGeneral information

Diploma in Law

Diploma in the Common law

Qualifications for entrance

There is a colour coded band at the top of each page in this prospectus. The colour of this band either refers to the different types of qualifications on offer or to a specific piece of information that you might need. The red colour used as banding on this page refers to any general information related to the University or the suite of qualifications. A guide to the other colours used for different types of qualifications is listed on the right.

Key points 2The University of London and the External System 3Welcome to a global programme 4The Laws Consortium 6Studying with the Laws Programme 8LLB programme 10LLB structures 11Graduate Entry Route structures 12Diploma in Law 13

Diploma in Law teaching institutions 14Diploma in the Common Law 16How you study 18Help with your studies 20Subject outlines 22Progressing through your course of study 27The LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree in England & Wales 28The Laws programme team 30

Entrance requirements 32Application and registration process 34Documentary evidence 36Recognition of prior study 38Scholarships for External students 41Qualifications for entrance 42Tests of proficiency in English 49Fees and contacts 50Information for students with a disability and/or special needs 52

2 Undergraduate study in Laws

Key points: Information about studying on the Laws programmes

n Benefi t from the intellectual leadership and experience in law of the Colleges of the University of London.

n Develop your critical-thinking, analytical and organizational skills – essential for any career in legal practice or business.

n The rigour and objectivity of fi nal examinations contributes to the high

value and confi dence that is placed in holders of a University of London LLB.

n Achieve a degree that has the reputation as the ‘international gold standard’ in legal education.

n Gain a Qualifying Law Degree that allows you to progress onto training as a solicitor or barrister in many jurisdictions worldwide.

n Take advantage of the wide range of

entry levels, whatever your previous educational background, including a fast track for those who already have an undergraduate degree.

n Choose from six routes allowing you to pace your studies to fi t in with work and family commitments.

n The new Diploma in the Common Law enables you to gain knowledge and expertise in English common law.



The University of LondonThe University of London is one of the leading universities in Europe. Its world-class federation of 19 Colleges and a number of smaller specialist Institutes provides an unrivalled range of education opportunities of outstanding breadth and quality.

The University is unique in its size and federal structure. Today, the federation includes specialised Colleges such as the Royal Veterinary College, while others such as UCL and LSE are multi-faculty.

In 1858, with the establishment of its External System, the University broke new ground by opening up its awards to those who either could not or did not wish to come to London to study. This anticipated twentieth century developments in open, distance and fl exible learning by more than 100 years.

Academics who teach and assess campus-based students develop and write the study materials for our programmes. They also set the exam papers and mark the scripts.

Robust quality assurance mechanisms have been endorsed by the Quality Assurance Agency

– the UK’s independent body for safeguarding the quality and standards of Higher Education. External students are examined to the same standard as that required of students enroled at the University’s constituent Colleges. This principle of equivalency is enshrined in our Regulations: ‘Candidates granted degrees and other awards shall have attained the same academic standard irrespective of mode or place of study or examination’.

For more than 150 years, the University through its External System has been offering degree programmes to students all over the world. It has always prided itself on being an international institution and its External System demonstrates this inclusive outlook. Today, it has 45,000 students studying in over 180 countries, bringing the University to you through flexible and distance learning.

As a family of world-class institutions, the University has a reputation for academic distinction in teaching and research, both in the UK and internationally. Ranging

from education to management, and from law to philosophy, all programmes off ered through the External System are developed by academics within the Colleges of the University. This ensures that our awards are recognised worldwide for their quality and value, and that students benefi t from the academic rigour and cutting-edge research undertaken within the Colleges.

Studying with the University of London is one of the greatest investments you can make in yourself.

We look forward to welcoming you into our global community of students and wish you every success.

The University of London and the External System

Welcome from Sir Graeme Davies, Vice-Chancellor, University of London and Professor Jonathan Kydd, Dean, External System

n The University of London External System is the world’s oldest provider of degrees through distance and fl exible learning.

n Today, we have 45,000 students worldwide studying on 100+ degrees, diplomas and certifi cates.

n Former students and alumni include six Nobel Prize winners, leaders of Commonwealth countries, government ministers, renowned authors, academics, judges and business leaders.

n The External System’s reputation internationally continues to ensure our graduates are to be found in leading positions around the world.

n We have an active Alumni Association which off ers unique networking opportunities.

Fact fi le

University. This ensures that our HRH The Princess Royal, Chancellor of the University of London, viewing a sundial unveiled as part of the University of London External System’s 150th Anniversary celebrations in 2008. Pictured with Professor Jonathan Kydd, Dean of the External System, and Sir Graeme Davies, Vice-Chancellor, University of London.


Welcome to a global programme

Why study law with the University of London External Undergraduate Laws Programme? In a world where degrees

and degree providers are proliferating, the University of London LLB by External study off ers the security of an internationally recognised ‘gold standard’ established for over 100 years.

The University of London was the fi rst university to off er a degree in English law (the LLB), in the 1890s – and that degree was made available to External students from the start. The high reputation of the University of London LLB has been maintained because External students are marked to the same high standards of academic rigour applied to campus-based students. Upon graduation you will join a distinguished group of lawyers, solicitors, barristers and judges from around the world who have obtained their law degree as an External student of the University of London.

A law degree is the usual starting point to qualifying for legal practice

in the ‘common law’ world. The common law tradition entails a distinctive approach based on the centrality of case law and the techniques of interpreting cases. While it forms a bridge between the UK and the Commonwealth, it is also increasingly important internationally for understanding commerce and trade as well as humanitarian law.

Seeking to become a legal practitioner is not the only reason for studying for a legal qualifi cation. You might already be working in a law related fi eld – in the police force or social work, for example – and want to enhance your legal knowledge and professional standing. Your career path might lie in the commercial or fi nancial professions, where legal qualifi cations are highly valued not only for specifi c knowledge of law but also because of the transferable skills that come with the study of law such as mental dexterity and problem-solving abilities. You might be a special issue campaigner, lobbyist, or might want to fi nd out more

about how law works and possibly go on to higher academic studies.

Many of you might be interested in the Diploma in Law. It off ers an authoritative stand-alone qualifi cation in key common law subjects – for those interested in gaining core knowledge of common law – and also an alternative way into LLB studies. Or you might prefer the more fl exible approach of our new Diploma in the Common Law.

Studying for a law qualifi cation by External study with the University of London is challenging. You will need self-discipline and courage and you will need to think carefully about what is involved in fi nding the time and the space to study systematically. We provide many ways of supporting you in your studies and encourage you to take advantage of all the available resources.

Whatever your reasons for study, I can guarantee you that applying yourself to studies in law will provide a stimulating and challenging path.

Professor Wayne Morrison, Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand

Professor Wayne Morrison LLD, PhD, LLM, LLBProfessor of Law, Queen Mary, and Director, University of London External Undergraduate Laws Programme

Why study law with the University of London External Undergraduate Laws Programme? In a world where degrees

Professor Wayne Morrison LLD, PhD, LLM, LLBProfessor of Law, Queen Mary, and Director, University of London External Undergraduate Laws Programme


Laws programmes available

No. of subjects Study period Description

Diploma in Law 4 1–5 yearsAn award in its own right. Alternatively, on passing four subjects, students may transfer to the LLB programme, Scheme A or B; after passing three subjects students may transfer to the LLB Scheme B.

Diploma in the Common Law 4 1–5 years Provides a grounding in the principal features of the English legal system, for

those who wish to gain some knowledge and expertise in English common law.

LLB Scheme A 12 3–8 years The traditional degree in which 12 subjects are taken in three stages.

LLB Scheme B 12 4–8 years Intended for students who wish to study at a more measured pace, with 12 subjects taken in four stages.

Graduate Entry Route A 9 2–8 years Enables graduates with a degree awarded by an institution acceptable to the

University to follow a shorter route, with nine subjects taken in two stages.

Graduate Entry Route B 9 3–8 years Intended for graduates who wish to study at a more measured pace, with nine

subjects taken in three stages.

Occasional students 1–4 years

An opportunity to register just for one or two subjects, if you would like to explore how law works or you have an interest in a particular area of law or to develop your career. You receive all the usual study materials for that subject and access to online resources – but Occasional students cannot, under any circumstances, transfer to the LLB, Diploma in Law, Diploma in the Common Law or accumulate passes and then apply to be awarded the degree. Note: Occasional students must meet the normal entrance requirements.


The award you receive

As an External student you register with the University of London for a University of London award. The academic direction of your programme – including the syllabus, assessment, learning resources and, where given, academic support – is the responsibility of a particular College, or consortium of Colleges, of the University of London, known as the ‘Lead College’. The Laws Consortium act as the ‘Lead Colleges’ for the programmes in this prospectus.

When you graduate with a degree, diploma or certifi cate from the University of London you will be sent

two documents - a fi nal diploma (i.e. the parchment you receive on graduation) and a Diploma Supplement.

The fi nal diploma will indicate that you were registered with the University of London and awarded a University of London degree, and give the name of the Lead College which conducted the examinations. The University of London logo and signature of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of London are incorporated. The Diploma Supplement will describe the nature, level and content of the programme you successfully

completed and include a transcript of courses taken and marks achieved, as well as the overall classifi cation. It also provides further information about the role of the Lead College and method of study. It explains that there is no diff erence between the standards of University of London awards whether they are obtained by External study or face-to-face at a College of the University of London.


The Laws ConsortiumThe University of London External Undergraduate Laws Programme is governed academically by the six University of London Colleges

with Law Schools or Departments. Collectively, they are known as the Laws Consortium. The six Colleges are: Birkbeck, King’s College London,

The London School of Economics and Political Science, Queen Mary, the School of Oriental and African Studies, and UCL (University College London).

BirkbeckSince 1823, Birkbeck has forged its own path in higher education, reaching out to people traditionally excluded by other universities. Birkbeck is unique in its special mission to enable mature students to gain higher education qualifi cations via part-time study. Today, Birkbeck is ranked among the leading UK university institutions for its excellence in research in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.

King’s College LondonEstablished in 1829, King’s College London is one of the oldest and largest multifaculty colleges of the University. The College has been responsible for some of the discoveries that have shaped the modern world, such as the development of antiseptic and the discovery of the structure of DNA. It enjoys a worldwide reputation for teaching and research, and its alumni include eight Nobel laureates. Today, King’s has the largest medical and dental schools in the UK.

The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)Since its foundation in 1895, LSE has been regarded as an international centre of academic excellence and innovation in the social sciences. Its teaching and research is recognised worldwide as a benchmark of quality. Thirteen Nobel Prize winners in Economics, Literature and Peace, some 30 past or present heads of state, and around 60 current members of the Houses of Parliament have either studied or taught at LSE.


Queen Mary, University of LondonQueen Mary is one of the largest Colleges of the University, with a rich and diverse heritage. The College began life in 1887 as the People’s Palace, a philanthropic endeavour to provide East Londoners with education and social activities. In the latest Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) published in December 2008, which sees every university in the UK submit a dossier of their best researchers' work in 67 disciplines on which they are graded and ranked, Queen Mary rose dramatically to 13th place, from 48th place in the 2001 RAE.

School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)SOAS is the world’s largest centre for the study of Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Since its formation in 1916, SOAS has built an enviable reputation around the globe for the calibre of its programmes, teaching and research. The School’s range of awards in the social sciences, arts and humanities is underpinned by the regional expertise and cross-disciplinary emphasis in all its teaching.

UCL (University College London)Founded in 1826, UCL was the fi rst university in England to admit students of any race, class or religion, and the fi rst to welcome women on equal terms with men. UCL was also the fi rst to off er degrees in English literature, modern European languages and geography, and pioneered the university-based teaching of law, architecture and medicine. Described by The Times newspaper as ‘an intellectual heavyweight by any standard’, UCL has built an outstanding reputation for the quality of its teaching and research. Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 18 academics and graduates.


Studying with the Laws programmeWe off er you an alternative way of obtaining a prestigious law qualifi cation at a reasonable cost.

Our educational aimsThe Laws Programme is committed to:n Promoting independent learning

We support you in developing your capacity to manage your own learning.

n Providing a wealth of resourcesThe Laws Virtual Learning Environment and Online Library provide a resource-rich learning environment in which to develop your legal research skills.

n Offering expert guidance in lawOur study materials are informed by current research and scholarship. You are off ered the opportunity not only to know the law but to understand it.

n Developing ‘transferable’ intellectual skillsYou will develop analytical and problem-solving skills and learn how to construct arguments.

n Enabling you to develop critical awareness Learn how to stand back and consider the ‘bigger picture’, develop an awareness of the context of law, nationally and globally.

n Understanding the language of lawLearning how to use legal discourse is crucial for success. Written and oral communication skills are vital.

Recognition of the degreeUniversity of London degrees are recognized worldwide for their quality and academic rigour. Many leading lawyers, judges and barristers around the world have a University of London LLB. If your purpose in undertaking the LLB is to practise as a solicitor or barrister in your own jurisdiction, please be aware that diff erent jurisdictions have varying prescriptions about required subjects and also subsidiary requirements, e.g. the number of attempts at passing examinations. It is important that you check with the relevant professional legal body in the

country in which you hope to practice before applying for the programme.

Rigorous academic standards A University of London LLB signals that you have achieved globally recognized standards. We jealously guard the quality of our degrees and do not dilute our standards and examination processes in order to increase the numbers passing the degree. All examination scripts are marked by University of London approved academics, so you and your employer can rely on the integrity of your award and can be confi dent about the standard of achievement it represents.

You are examined to our high standardsFor all subjects except the LLB fi nal-year Dissertation option, assessment is entirely by unseen written three-hour examinations at the end of each stage of study. Examinations are held in May/June at local centres in over 180 diff erent countries as well as in London.

Enhanced career prospectsThe LLB Honours degree allows you to progress on to the Vocational Stage of legal training as a solicitor or barrister in many jurisdictions around the world (subject to conditions, please see ‘The LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree’ on page xx).

A law qualifi cation isn’t just for lawyers. You may wish to undertake law studies to work in policing, social work and other law-related or paralegal careers; in the commercial or fi nancial sectors; or you may simply be motivated by intellectual interest, perhaps with a view to pursuing a higher degree in law.

Flexible study periodWe off er from:n 3–8 years to complete the LLBn 2–8 years to complete the LLB

if you are already a graduate n 1–5 years for the Diploma in Law and

the Diploma in the Common Law.

Before you apply please check with the professional body in the country you wish to practice in, as they may have a maximum time period in which your studies should be completed.

Fitting your studies into your scheduleFor the LLB, you must pass all of the examinations for the part or stage at the same examination sitting. If you fail one of the examinations, you need to resit all of the papers for that part or stage. You can sit the examinations a maximum of four times.

We strongly recommend that, unless you are attending classes on a full-time basis at an institution, you take the slower route. As a guideline, you need to dedicate at least 20 hours per week for approximately 38 weeks of the year if you intend to complete the maximum of four subjects in any one year.

Further advice about a career in LawYou should begin by talking to professional legal bodies to see if they can advise you. A local career advisor may also be able to help.

Visit our websitesThe Laws Programme provides a range of open access resources, including pre-course exercises, reading lists and subject guides, which you are welcome to consult. Please visit: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/laws


‘Students often ask what ensures success? The answer is simple: student active learning. The process requires the person to take control of their learning, to engage with the materials, to note the learning outcomes in the subject guides and self-assess the extent to which they are achieving them. Students need to engage with the activities in the subject guides, read the materials provided and critically engage with the actual questions in the assessment. In distance learning we communicate through the learning resources we provide’.Wayne Morrison, Director, External Undergraduate Laws Programme


What is an LLB?The LLB provides you with a solid grounding in the concepts and frameworks of the English legal system. The University of London LLB has long been recognised as providing an international ‘gold standard’. In all jurisdictions you need to undertake an additional professional practice course to learn all the practical skills to qualify to work as a solicitor or barrister.

This qualifi cation is for you if:n You want to obtain an LLB degree

of international standing which has provided the fi rst step on a career route for many thousands of practising lawyers worldwide.

n You wish to develop a critical awareness of the common law legal tradition and be able to apply analytical and problem-solving skills in a range of legal and non-legal settings.

n You would like to enhance key skills of communication, information literacy, analysis and argument.

Features of the LLBn The LLB is examined according to the

same standards as applied to College-based students studying the LLB.

n You can complete the LLB in a minimum of three years or a maximum of eight years.

n If you are already a graduate, you can complete the LLB in a minimum of two years and a maximum of eight years.

n For a Qualifying Law Degree, you must satisfactorily complete the Laws Skills Portfolio.

Note: Students seeking a Qualifying Law Degree should consult page 28.

‘Studying, revising, looking after a family and staying sane was no easy task! I was lucky; I had a tolerant and supportive spouse, children who respond to a fl exible routine, and the stamina and determination needed of

success. I was thrilled when I actually completed the degree: the presentation ceremony at the Barbican Centre was one of the most moving and magnifi cent experiences of my life. I am now MP for Birmingham

Edgbaston. This is due in no small part to the skills I acquired as an External student at the University of London’.

Gisela is MP for Birmingham Edgbaston.

Profi le: Gisela Stuart | LLB graduate

Edgbaston. This is due in no small part to the skills I acquired as an External student at the University

Birmingham Edgbaston.

LLB programme

LLB structures


Intermediate examination (four subjects)

n Common law reasoning and institutions

n Criminal law

n Elements of the law of contract

n Public law

Final examination Part I (four subjects)

n Land law

n Law of tort

n Law of trusts

AND one optional subject

Final examination Part II (four subjects)

n Jurisprudence and legal theory

AND three optional subjects

Optional subjects Part I or II

n Administrative law

n Civil and criminal procedure

n Commercial law

n Company law

n Criminology

n EU law✱

n Evidence

n Family law

n History of English law

n International protection of human rights

n Introduction to Islamic law

n Labour law

n Public international law

Optional subjects Part II only

n Confl ict of laws

n Intellectual property

n Succession

n Dissertation

First Year ✝ (three subjects)

Any three of the following subjects n Common law reasoning and institutions

n Criminal law


n Public law

Second Year ✝ (three subjects)

The remaining subject from the First Year list not already taken plus two of the following subjects

n Land law

n Law of tort

n Law of trusts

Third Year ✝ (three subjects)

The remaining subject from the Second Year list not already taken plus two optional subjects

Fourth Year ✝ (three subjects)


AND two optional subjects

Scheme B optional subjects (Third/Fourth Year ✝)



n Commercial law

n Company law

n Criminology

n EU law✱

n Evidence

n Family law




n Labour law


n Succession

Fourth Year option only:

n Dissertation

Scheme A: 12 subjects Scheme B: 12 subjects

This is the degree in its traditional format. It is divided into three Parts.

This scheme is intended for students who wish or need to study at a more measured pace. Unless you are studying full time at a teaching institution we strongly advise you to choose Scheme B. Here, the Intermediate, Part I and Part II subjects of Scheme A are taken over four Years.

✱In England & Wales, the Solicitors Regulation Authority and Bar Standards Board require students registering in or after September 2001 to pass ‘EU law’ in order to obtain a Qualifying Law Degree.

✝ ‘Year’ in the description of Scheme B and Graduate Entry Route B does not mean that Scheme B has to be completed in four years or Graduate Entry Route B in three years. Students have up to eight years to complete their degree.

Students ultimately seeking an LLB with ‘Qualifying Law Degree’ status need to read page 28


Graduate Entry Route structures

Level 1 (four subjects)


n Criminal law


n Public law

Final examination (five subjects)

n Land law

n Law of tort

n Law of trusts

PLUS any two of the following subjects



n Commercial law

n Company law

n Criminology

n EU law✱

n Evidence

n Family law






n Labour law


n Succession

n Dissertation

Graduate Entry Route A: nine subjects Graduate Entry Route B: nine subjects

If you have a full first degree, you may be eligible to take the LLB degree on Graduate Entry Route A (minimum two years) or Graduate Entry Route B (minimum three years). Note: Unless you are studying full time at an independent teaching institution, we strongly advise you to choose Graduate Entry Route B.

First Year ✝ (three subjects)

Any three of the following subjects n Common law reasoning and institutions

n Criminal law


n Public law

Second Year ✝ (three subjects)

The remaining subject from the First Year list not already taken plus two of the following subjects

n Land law

n Law of tort

n Law of trusts

Third Year ✝ (three subjects)

The remaining subject from the Second Year list not already taken plus two of the following subjects



n Commercial law

n Company law

n Criminology

n EU law✱

n Evidence

n Family law






n Labour law


n Succession

n Dissertation


✱In England & Wales, the Solicitors Regulation Authority and Bar Standards Board require students registering in or after September 2001 to pass ‘EU law’ in order to obtain a Qualifying Law Degree.

✝ ‘Year’ in the description of Scheme B and Graduate Entry Route B does not mean that Scheme B has to be completed in four years or Graduate Entry Route B in three years. Students have up to eight years to complete their degree.

Diploma in Law programmeThe Diploma in Law is a qualifi cation in its own right that also provides an entry route to degree study. The subjects studied in the Diploma are the same as the fi rst four Intermediate subjects of the LLB. The Diploma in Law may be studied full time or part time, but only if students have registered through, and are studying at, a teaching institution that has been given 'Permission to teach' status by the University (please see next page).

This qualifi cation is for you if:n You have the ability, motivation

and self-discipline to study at degree level, but do not have the qualifi cations usually required to enter a degree programme.

n You have the necessary qualifi cations to embark on a degree programme, but would prefer a programme with more teaching support.

n You intend to undertake a degree programme but would like to gain a recognised qualifi cation after one year.

Features of the Diploma in Law:n You can achieve a widely

recognised law qualifi cation in some of the core legal subjects without committing to the full LLB programme, but with the option to go on to the full LLB programme.

n You can complete the Diploma in a minimum of one year and a maximum of fi ve years.

n The Diploma is examined according to the same standards as applied to College-based students studying the LLB.

n You can transfer into the second stage of the LLB programme after successful completion of three or four subjects.

n You must register with a Diploma in Law teaching institution so that you can benefi t from the extra tuition support.

Diploma in Law teaching institutionsTeaching institutions given 'Permission to teach' the Diploma in Law by the University are listed on the following page. In order to gain this status, teaching institutions must submit a detailed written application and satisfy the University that they meet certain criteria. The University is not liable for any defi ciencies in the teaching provided at Diploma teaching institutions. Students should be aware that this status can be withdrawn from a teaching institution at any time and at short notice.

How to apply for the Diploma in LawApplications for the Diploma must be submitted through a teaching institution and not to the University of London directly. Full details about the Diploma, including entrance criteria, syllabuses and application forms should be obtained from the teaching institution at which the student intends to enrol, not from the University of London.

Diploma in Law structure

Four compulsory subjects


n Criminal law


n Public law

AND

n Your teaching institution will also provide classes in study skills and, where necessary, additional English language support. You will be expected to have undertaken research exercises and made extensive use of Online Library resources.




Diploma in Law teaching institutionsThe teaching institutions listed below are permitted by the University of London to teach for the Diploma in Law. Please note that this list is subject to change. At the time of going to press several teaching institutions were under active consideration for being granted ‘Permission to teach’ status. Please check our website for the latest details: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/directory

Bangladesh

Bhuiyan AcademyAcademy of Law, Business Administration and Researchn House No. 13, Road No. 7

Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1205n Tel: 00 88 02 861 3001n Fax: 00 88 02 861 3910

/ 00 88 02 861 3658n Email: [email protected] www.bhuiyanacademy.com

British School of Lawn House CWN(B) 21, Road No. 35

Gulshan 2, Dhaka 1212n Tel: 00 88 02 882 8125n Fax: 00 88 02 882 7992n Email: [email protected] /

[email protected] n www.bslbd.com

Dhaka Centre for Law and Economicsn House No. 30, Road No. 14-A

Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 1209n Tel: 0088 02 9134177/ 9111628n Fax: 0088 02 8121000n Email: [email protected] www.dcle.com

London College of Legal Studies(South) n 58, Kalabagan First Lane

Shaheed Abdul Matin Road Dhaka 1205

n Tel: + 88 02 914 6197 n Email: [email protected]; khc@

lclsbd.net; [email protected] www.lclsbd.net

(North)n Gulshan Campus, Road #28

House #49, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212n Tel: 00 88 02 988 9778n Email: [email protected] www.lclsbd.net

Newcastle Law Academyn House No. 44, Road No. 3A

Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 1209n Tel: 0088 02 912 1439; 02 812 3035n Fax: 0088 02 912 7231n Email: [email protected] n www.nclaedu.com/law.html

Germany

Universität Passaun Dekanat Jura, Room 103e NK

94032 Passaun Tel: 00 49 851 509 2375n Fax: 00 49 851 509 2207n Email: [email protected] www.uni-passau.de

Hong Kong SAR

University of Hong KongSchool of Professional and Continuing Educationn University of London External

System (Admissions Unit)n Room 313, 3/F, Admiralty Centre

18 Harcourt Roadn Tel: 00 852 3761 1122n Fax: 00 852 2527 0489n Email: [email protected] www.hkuspace.hku.hk

Lingnan Institute of Further Educationn Room 233, 2/F, Tsim Sha Tsui Centre

66 Mody Road, Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon

n Tel: 00 852 2739 7342n Fax: 00 852 2369 1268n Email: [email protected] www.ln.edu.hk

School of Professional Education and Executive Development (SPEED)n Room QR802, 8/F, Core R

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon

n Tel: 00 852 3400 2828n Fax: 00 852 2363 0540n Email: [email protected] www.speed.polyu.edu.hk

Ireland, Republic of

Holy Trinity Collegen Cork Law School

15–16 Washington Street Cork

n Tel: 00 353 21 4276 267n Fax: 00 353 21 4275 632n Email: [email protected] www.htccorklawschool.ie

Jamaica

University College of the Caribbeann 17 Worthington Avenue

Kingston 5 n Tel: 00 876 929 2830 / 2834n Fax: 00 876 968 1926n Email: [email protected] n www.uccjm.com


Pakistan

L’Ecole for Advanced Studiesn 211 Khayaban-e-Shaheen, Phase VIII

Defence House AuthorityKarachi

n Tel: 0092 21 5848791; 5848796n Fax: 0092 21 5848798; 5848799n Email: [email protected] n www.lecole.edu.pk

Islamabad School of Lawn House # 15, Street # 22

Sector F-8/244000 Islamabad

n Tel: 0092 51 7133445n Fax: 0092 51 2255355n Email: [email protected]

Pakistan College of Lawn 46 Tipu Block

New Garden TownLahore

n Tel: 0092 42 5831801; 5831838n Fax: 0092 42 5832041n Email: [email protected];

[email protected] www.pcl.edu.pk

The Institute of Legal Studies (TILS)n 15, Aziz Avenue, Canal Bank

Gulberg V, Lahoren Tel: 0092 42 571 1001/2n Fax: 0092 42 571 3820n Email: [email protected] www.tils.edu.pk

University College Lahoren 1.5km from Thoker Niaz Baig

Raiwind Road53700 Lahore

n Tel: 0092 42 751 5851n Fax: 0092 42 751 5854n Email: [email protected] www.ucl.edu.pk

Singapore

ITC – School of Lawsn 175A Bencoolen Street, 12th Storey

Burlington SquareSingapore 189650

n Tel: 00 65 6238 0377n Fax: 00 65 6238 0577n Email: [email protected] www.itc2u.com

Stansfi eld Collegen 1250/252 Middle Road

Singapore 188983n Tel: 00 65 6338 0300n Fax: 00 65 6338 0400n Email: degree@stansfi eld.edu.sgn www.stansfi eld.edu.sg

Sri Lanka

Royal Institute of Colombon 189 Havelock Road

Colombo 5n Tel: 00 94 11 255 6329n Fax: 00 94 11 25 56329n Email: [email protected] www.ric.lk

Trinidad and Tobago

Academy of Tertiary Studies (ATS)n 34 Southern Main Road

Curepen Tel: 00 1 868 663 9495n Fax: 00 1 868 663 9831n Email: [email protected] www.atstnt.com

K Beckles & Associates, Law Tutorsn 12 Flament Street

Port of Spainn Tel: 00 1 868 636 4192n Fax: 00 1 868 624 6793n Email: [email protected] www.kbeckleslaw.com

United Kingdom

Holborn Collegen Woolwich Road, Charlton

London SE7 8LNn Tel: 020 8317 6000n Fax: 020 8317 6001n Email: [email protected] www.holborncollege.ac.uk

Kensington College of Businessn Wesley House

4 Wild Court, HolbornLondon WC2B 4AU

n Tel: 020 7404 6330n Fax: 020 7404 6708n Email: [email protected] www.kensingtoncoll.ac.uk

Middlesex College of Lawn Station House, 11-13 Masons Avenue

Wealdstone, HarrowMiddlesex HA3 5AH

n Tel: 020 8424 2442n Fax: 020 8424 2445n Email: info@

middlesexcollegeofl aw.co.ukn www.middlesexcollegeofl aw.co.uk


Diploma in the Common LawNew for Autumn 2009

The Diploma in the Common Law is a new, flexible course aimed at those who wish to gain some knowledge and expertise in English common law to enhance their existing qualifications.

The Diploma in the Common Law is a qualification in its own right, designed to offer flexibility of subject choice for students who are eligible for admission to the LLB but who do not necessarily wish to register for the full degree. This qualification is for you if:n You have the ability, motivation

and self-discipline to study at degree level but do not want to commit to a full LLB programme

n You would like to enhance key skills of communication, information literacy, analysis and argument

n You want the flexibility to pace your studies to fit in with your other commitments as you have up to 5 years to complete this diploma

n You want the flexibility to choose subjects to fit your needs

Features of the Diploma in the Common Lawn Flexibility both in respect of the

time you can take to complete it and in the choice of subjects

n The subjects you take are examined to the same standards which are applied to both internal and external students studying for the LLB with the University of London

n Specially developed course materials and a wealth of online resources, including an online library and online learning environment.

Flexible study optionsYou have the flexibility to pace your studies to fit in with your other commitments as you have up to five years to complete this Diploma.

Using the specially developed course materials and a wealth of online resources, including an Online Library and Virtual Learning Environment, you are able to study independently, when convenient to you. Alternatively, additional study support may be available from independent institutions in certain countries.

One compulsory subject

n Common law reasoning and institutions (Intermediate Subject)

Plus three optional subjects chosen from the following:

n Criminal law (Intermediate Subject)

n Public law (Intermediate Subject)

n Elements of the law of contract (Intermediate Subject)

n Law of tort

n Law of trusts (co/prerequisite ‘Land law’)

n Land law



n Commercial law (co/prerequisite ‘Elements of the law of contract’)

n Company law (co/prerequisite ‘Elements of the law of contract’)

n Conflict of laws

n Criminology

n EU law

n Evidence (co/prerequisite ‘Criminal law’)

n Family law


n Intellectual property (co/prerequisite ‘Elements of the law of contract’)



n Labour law (co/prerequisite ‘Elements of the law of contract’)


n Succession

Diploma in the Common Law structure

Notes:

In addition to the compulsory subject ‘Common law reasoning and institutions’, you choose three other subjects, only two of which may be another Intermediate subject.

Co/prerequisites, when required, are shown in brackets beside the appropriate subject(s). For example, you need to have already studied ‘Land law’ (prerequisite) if you want to choose ‘Law of trusts’ as an option – unless you are studying the Diploma over one year as a full-time student, in which case you would study ‘Land law’ (corequisite) at the same time as ‘Law of trusts’.


'I am delighted to have been involved in the development of this new and innovative course which has been developed for those who do not wish to study for a law degree but would like to gain a qualifi cation in English common law and want fl exible study options.

Law is a fascinating subject and it plays an increasingly important role in all areas of modern life. Whether you are a business professional who needs some knowledge of legal systems – other than the one in which you live and work – or whether you are a student of

another discipline or someone considering or following a career in law in another jurisdiction, this qualifi cation will be invaluable. Some knowledge of the common law is frequently essential whether you work in a civil law or common law jurisdiction

and the Diploma in the Common Law will provide you with the opportunity to gain knowledge and understanding of the common law system of England and Wales.'

Profi le: Mary Luckham | Senior teaching fellow

‘Some knowledge of the common law is frequently

essential whether you work in a civil law or

common law jurisdiction and the Diploma in the

Common Law will provide you with the opportunity

to gain knowledge and understanding of the

common law system of England and Wales.’

Mary Luckham


How you studyStudy materials include:n ‘Studying English law with

the University of London’. An introductory guide to the basics of common law legal systems. This is sent to all students who receive an offer letter.

n Subject guides for each law subject studied that take you systematically through the course topics, with instructions on reading, learning activities (with feedback) and guidance on answering sample examination questions.

n Textbooks. You will receive one copy of the textbook for each of the four Intermediate/Diploma in Law Subjects and for the compulsory Part I subjects.

n Study packs. Key recommended readings in the subject guides are sent directly to students (and are available online) for all the compulsory subjects and selected options.

n ‘Learning skills for law’ guide contains advice on study skills, developing English language and legal English skills, reading cases and statutes, guidance on exam technique and performing skills activities.

n Student handbook contains a wealth of specific advice and information on navigating your way through the programme and the External System, with key dates and contact details for further support.

n Regulations. Students need to be fully informed of the formal rules about syllabuses, programme structures, how to enter for examinations, marking schemes, transfers, exemptions etc., so updated Regulations are sent to all our students every year.

n Skills portfolio guide supplied to final-year students, relevant if you are pursuing a Qualifying Law Degree.

You receive specially designed learning materials and have access to a significant array of online resources. The cost of your materials is included in your initial and continuing registration fees.

The study materials are designed to guide you through the syllabus for each subject and direct your reading of the prescribed textbooks, study packs and Online Library resources. Although all study materials are specially

produced for self-directed learning, many students choose to pay for additional educational support through independent teaching institutions.

Diploma in Law students must be registered at an independent teaching institution granted ‘Permission to teach’ the Diploma in Law (please see page 13 for more information).


Online resourcesThe University of London External System has launched a new student portal to transform the way in which communication takes place between students of the University of London External System.

The portal allows access to all our online resources using a single username and password through a secure website: https://my.londonexternal.ac.uk The following resources are available to all Laws students:

University of London Student Email AccountAll students are issued with a student email account which is accessible through the student portal. There are many benefi ts to this, but primarily it: n provides a safe and reliable

communications channeln speeds up communication

between usn gives you a sense of ‘identity’

to all students

Laws VLE (Virtual Learning Environment)The Laws VLE is accessed through the student portal and off ers a centralised location where students can fi nd:n Law subject pages with news and

updates, provided by legal academics associated with the Laws Programme

n Complete versions of subject guides and study packs

n Online Audio Presentations – which supplement the subject guides

n Annual recent developments in lawn Past and present examination

papers and reportsn Discussion forums where students

can debate and interact with othersn Computer Marked Assessments –

multiple choice questions providing feedback. These allow students to test their knowledge and understanding of the key topics

n Online Legal Research Exercises - exercises which are designed to build

and enhance a students ability to fi nd legal materials using electronic sources, and to conduct legal research more generally. Please note that undertaking legal research exercises is required for Common law Reasoning and Institutions for students who registered after 1st September 2007.

The Laws VLE covers all compulsory subjects and EU Law and is constantly improving its coverage of optional subjects.

The Online Librarywww.external.shl.lon.ac.ukThe Online Library is a core asset for all Laws students as it provides:n access to the professional legal

databases LexisNexis and Westlawn cases, up-to-date statutesn key academic law journalsn multidisciplinary databases in

business and the social sciencesn and many others.

PC users

Minimum specifi cation Recommended

Processor Pentium 500 MHz Pentium 1 GHz

Memory (RAM) 128 Mb 256 Mb

Operating system Windows 98 Windows XP

Free hard disk space 100 Mb 200 Mb

Screen resolution 800 x 600 colour 1024 x 768 colour

CD/DVD-ROM drive CD-ROM 24x CD-ROM

Modem speed 56kbps Broadband

Browser Internet Explorer 5.5 Internet Explorer 6.0

Mac users

Minimum specifi cation Recommended

Processor G3 G4

Memory (RAM) 64Mb 128Mb

Operating system OS 9 or later OS X

Free hard disk space 100 Mb 200 Mb

Screen resolution 800 x 600 colour 1024 x 768 colour

CD/DVD-ROM drive CD-ROM 24x CD-ROM

Modem speed 56kbps Broadband

Browser Internet Explorer 5.5 Firefox 2

Please note: you will require Adobe Acrobat Reader and Adobe Flash Player for this programme.

Online accessYou must have access to a computer with an internet connection so that you can use the online resources. Please see technical specifi cations below.


Help with your studiesOur learning resources are designed to give you the best possible support for your studies. We do not provide direct tuition; however, there are a number of ways that you can get additional assistance.

Courses at the University of LondonInduction dayA one-day induction is held in London in late September each year to introduce new students to studying for the Diploma in Law, the LLB and the Diploma in the Common Law. Prospective students are welcome to attend in order to fi nd out more about the programme.

Weekend coursesThere are four weekend courses held in London each year in November/December, February, March and April. Tuition is given by experienced law lecturers. These courses are intensive, with up to eight hours of lectures and tutorials each day. Each weekend covers diff erent topics and students are encouraged to attend all four. The courses concentrate on important areas of each subject and new

developments and recent legislation. For further information about the induction day and weekend courses please visit: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/current_students/programme_resources/laws

Courses at other universitiesSimilar courses are also provided by the University of Cambridge (an annual revision course held in March/April of each year) and the University of Hong Kong. For further details please contact:

University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Educationn Madingley Hall, Madingley

Cambridge CB3 8AQn Tel: 01954 280280n Fax: 01954 280200

School of Professional and Continuing Education (SPACE)n University of Hong Kong

3/F, Admiralty Centre 18 Harcourt Road, Hong Kong

n Tel: 2547 2225n Fax: 2527 0489

Visit Senate House LibrarySenate House Library, University of London www.shl.lon.ac.uk

Registered External students are entitled to use Senate House Library. The Library charges for this service. For more information contact: Senate House Library, University of London, Malet Street,London WC1E 7HU.Tel: +44 (0)20 7862 8461/2 Fax: +44 (0)20 7862 8480Email: [email protected] note: the current Laws collection is not an undergraduate teaching collection.

The University of London LLB degree has helped me immensely in my career. To begin with, in a developing country like Pakistan, the very fact that one has done a foreign degree increases your professional

value. Furthermore, the University of

London is widely recognized and acknowledged for its excellent reputation worldwide.

In the three years I spent on this degree my perceptions, ideas and vision of life all underwent the most major transformation. My mind has become more open to new ideas, more willing to accept broader views and more willing to question the occurrences around me. It was almost like a rebirth. Discovering everything, questioning it and coming to a conclusion.

The way ‘Jurisprudence and legal theory’ and

‘International protection of human rights’ enriched my knowledge is incomparable. These subjects have left a lasting impact on me and have left me with the urge to make a diff erence wherever I possibly can. I took ‘International protection of human rights’ in the last year of my LLB and I know for sure that this is where my interest lies. It’s one area where I would particularly like to make a diff erence.

I feel that my confi dence in myself and the work that I do is primarily because of this degree. Equipped with it I feel secure that I am indeed one of the best. I am the only girl at the law fi rm, the only one who graduated from the University of London and have only one other person around me who has done a foreign LLB.

Sonia now lectures at University College Lahore, Pakistan.

value. Furthermore, the University of

London is widely recognized and acknowledged for its excellent reputation worldwide.

Profi le: Sonia Riaz Hussain LLB graduate


LLB tuition support from independent teaching institutionsTuition support for the LLB is available in many independent teaching institutions worldwide. Some of these providers offer alternatives to face-to-face tuition via correspondence or online tuition. They may also offer support for some of the subjects available on the Diploma in the Common Law. For further information, including their addresses, please visit:www.londonexternal.ac.uk/institutions_about

Independent teaching institutions are not affiliated to the University in any way and we do not guarantee or comment on the standards of their teaching or service to students. Please note that, for LLB tuition, there is no equivalent to ‘Permission to teach’ status.

If you do decide to enrol for LLB or Diploma in the Common Law tutorial support at an independent teaching institution, this is separate from registration as a student with the University of London. It is your responsibility to make sure that it provides what you are looking for, at an appropriate cost.

We advise you to wait for confirmation from the University that you are eligible for the programme of your choice before enrolling at a teaching institution and paying their tuition fees.

If you do register early, ask if the teaching institution is able to charge you only for the tuition you have actually received if the University does not accept you.

As an External student, you may choose to come to London and study at an independent teaching institution. Please note that only the six Colleges listed on pages 6–7 are part of the University of London Laws Consortium. You will also need to satisfy UK student visa requirements if you are coming from outside the UK.

Please note that in 2009 the University will introduce new policy framework covering its relationships with institutions. Please refer to our website where news on these developments is forthcoming.

Points to consider before enrolling with a teaching institutionn Do the timing and frequency

of the tuition suit your other commitments? Are there tutorials as well as lectures? If so, are the tutorial groups reasonably small?

n Ask to see the facilities, especially the library. Can you borrow books from the library or is it for reference only? If you already have your subject guides, check that there are copies of the essential and recommended texts. Is there room to study in the library and is it quiet?

n Are there computer facilities with a reasonably fast internet connection? What is the ratio of computers to student numbers?

n Are students given regular assessments and mock exams

with individual feedback?n Will there be a written contract

between you and the teaching institution when you enrol? If not, make sure you understand the terms and conditions that apply and your liability.

n Check how you pay fees – in one payment or in instalments – and what the refund policy is if you cease studying for any reason.

n Talk to students who are already enrolled and get their opinions.

n Is the institution committed to working with the University of London? Does it integrate our learning resources into its teaching programme?

n Compare its services and fees with other teaching institutions in the same locality (if any).

For the full check list please visit:www.londonexternal.ac.uk/checklistIf you wish to check the authenticity of a teaching institution’s claims, please fill in the teaching institution check form at:www.londonexternal.ac.uk/study_ep/local_support/check_form.shtml

Subject outlines


Compulsory Intermediate- level subjects

Common law reasoning and institutionsThis comprehensive introduction to the English legal system seeks to convey what is distinctive about the common law approach as a legal methodology and as it reflects the history and politics of England and Wales. It examines the sources of law, the civil and criminal court structures, the role of judges and the jury. A running concern of the course is the question fairness: the impact off the Human Rights Act on the criminal justice system and the issues of access to justice in the civil courts.

This course is also vital in initiating students into the process of legal research and the final examination has a compulsory section on research activities carried out during the year. Registration with the Online Library is a requirement for successfully completing this course.

Criminal lawThis course examines general principles of criminal liability, a range of fatal and non-fatal offences against the person and selected offences against property. Attempts to commit offences, secondary liability and defences also form part of the University of London criminal law curriculum.Criminal law consists of a highly developed body of precisely formulated legal rules but as criminal conduct is subject to punishment it thus engages with broad issues of morality and policy. Understanding the tension between certainty in the law and social adaptation affects the development of criminal law will take students beyond the basic stage of understanding the substantive rules of criminal law.

Elements of the law of contractContracts are the legal basis of all commercial transactions. Covering the core topics – including formation of contracts, capacity to contract and privity, performance and breach of contract and remedies for breach of contract – the emphasis is on understanding the key underlying principles of English law. This is very much a case law subject, with judicial precedents stretching back nearly 400 years in some instances (but more usually of 19th- and 20th-century origin) and a small number of statutory provisions, as well as the impact of EU law. An understanding of what factors judges may, or must, take into account when exercising their discretion is crucial.

Public lawThe UK constitution is famously ‘unwritten’ and thus contrasts with other constitutional models. Analysing key issues of sovereignty and the division of powers between legislature, executive and administration, one key question is how far the UK lives up to classic doctrine. Equally, membership of the European Union, and the Human Rights Act 1998, affect the overall picture of the relation between citizen and the state. To fully engage with this subject, students need to take an interest in current affairs and debates about what is involved in constitutional issues and reforms.

Compulsory Honours- level subjects

Jurisprudence and legal theoryThis subject is compulsory under Schemes A and B and optional under Graduate Entry Routes A and B.

Jurisprudence poses the fundamental questions about the nature of law, its place in society and how a legal system operates as a system of rules and as a social institution engaging with ideals of justice and often conflicting moral codes. While covering the key developments in classic and contemporary legal theory, from natural law through legal positivism, Marxism, critical legal studies (including critical race theory) and feminist jurisprudence, and engaging with issues about judicial decision-making that connect critically with substantive law subjects, ultimately this is a subject in which there are no authorities and no final court of appeal: the reader/the student must be the judge. This makes it a difficult subject, but also a rewarding one.

Land lawMuch of the work of solicitors turns around land law in the form of conveyancing (buying and selling dwellings or commercial enterprises) or the relations between landlords and tenants. Here the central principles of English law are portrayed, including the necessary historical context, as many of the basic concepts were established in social conditions very different from today. Land law centres on the concept of the nature and quantum of the various interests that can exist in land, the principles governing the creation, transfer and extinction of these interests and the extent that those interests are enforceable against third parties.

These subject outlines are correct at the time of going to press and subject to annual review. Please consult the full syllabus listings in the Programme Regulations for detailed specification of the topics covered. Remember that the distinction between compulsory and optional academic subjects does not always correspond to the subjects required by professional bodies (see ‘The LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree’ on page 28).


Law of tortThe law of tort concerns the civil liability for the wrongful infliction of injury by one person upon another. The characteristic claim in tort is for monetary compensation or damages. There is no single principle of liability, which makes tort law complex; also there are other sources of monetary compensation for personal injuries (such as unemployment/social security payments, private insurance, criminal injuries compensation schemes, etc.) as well as the fact that the same harms may be pursued through the criminal justice system.

Negligence is a key topic and other topics include: interference with economic interest; trespass; defamation; vicarious liability as well as defences and remedies, and sources of future development including EU law.

Law of trustsA part of Equity law, the law of trusts deals with the rules and principles governing the creation and operation of trusts – a particular method of holding property that developed historically primarily to preserve family wealth, particularly by minimising liability to taxation. The syllabus focuses on three broad areas: 1) the requirements for establishing a valid trust (including express private trusts; charitable trusts; implied and resulting trusts; constructive trusts); 2) the powers and obligations of trustees under a valid trust (including appointment, retirement and removal of trustees); 3) the remedies available when trustees act improperly.

Optional subjects

Administrative lawAdministrative law has been hugely expanding in the late 20th century/early 21st century. Its core purpose is to ensure that any decisions or action taken by government are lawful and, when they are not, to provide redress for grievances. A range of grievance-redressing mechanisms are examined, including: judicial review, ‘ombudsmen’ and tribunals. The course also looks at how policies can be implemented through delegated legislation, informal rules, the use of discretion and so on. This subject will appeal to students who enjoyed studying Public law and who have an interest in public affairs.

Civil and criminal procedureFocused on the substantive issues and values that underpin Civil and criminal procedure, the course is divided equally between Civil and criminal procedure. Students will be expected to compare and contrast Civil and criminal procedure and will need to have a good working knowledge of the court system and the way in which civil and criminal justice is organised and dispensed. Specific topics include: civil process before trial, commencement of proceedings, jurisdiction, responding to a claim, case management, summary disposals and trials, remedies and criminal procedure, police powers and bail, commencement of proceedings, pleas and plea bargaining, ID and other evidence and sentencing.

Commercial lawCommercial law is concerned with obligations between parties to commercial transactions and the relationship with rules of personal property. Students are expected to become familiar with the significance and implications of: ownership of or title to goods; the transfer of title and its effect on third parties; the passing of property between buyer and seller; the significance of possession; and

responsibility for risk of loss of or damage to goods and its transfer from one party to another. Familiarity with the general ideas underlying contract, tort and trust law will provide a useful background. Emphasis is placed on both knowledge of principles and the ability to apply the rules of law to achieve practical solutions to practical problems.

Company lawThis area of law is fast moving with frequent legislative change due to pressures for reform from the UK Department of Trade and Industry and from the EU with its policy of harmonising the company law of its member states. The syllabus centres on the way law regulates companies and the facilities company law offers, such as limited liability and transferability of shares – as well as the corresponding burdens (duties of disclosure, compliance with statutory procedures and common law duties) and the dynamics of the often tense relationship between shareholders and management. A vital course for anyone intending to operate in the commercial field; students will benefit from knowledge of Contract, Tort, Trusts and Public law.

Conflict of lawsAlso known as private international law, this is the body of rules applied by the English courts to cases with a foreign element, dealing with core issues of jurisdiction, substantive decision-making and recognition of the laws of other jurisdictions. Existing case law has been developed in recent years with the statutory implementation of International Conventions and Law Commission reports – yet there are questions as yet unsettled, which increases the importance of academic writing and also gives students the chance to present their own solutions. The course covers all English domestic law.


Subject outlinesCriminologyCriminology examines the relationship between the individual who breaks the laws of the state and the state’s power to lay down laws and to punish for breaches of those laws – but from a range of political, sociological, psychological and philosophical points of view. Criminology has long been at odds with legalistic approaches towards dealing with crime and raises often controversial aspects of social policy, social control, style of policing, and community involvement in the criminal justice system. The subject will appeal to those students who wish to escape from heavily case-law oriented subjects and who are prepared to think critically about their societies and the nature of social order.

DissertationThe Dissertation subject option offers final-year students the opportunity to undertake in-depth legal/socio-legal research. Students design their own research question – and submit a research proposal online – on a topic they have not previously (or concurrently) studied in depth.

The Dissertation option will be examined a) by electronic submission of a 10,000 word Dissertation and b) a short final examination.The Dissertation is a subject in its own right and it may be used to complete the Laws Skills Portfolio (see Laws Skills Pathway 1).

EU lawEU law is a required subject by the professional bodies in England and Wales for the LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree.

The European Union (EU) is a relatively new legal system that combines characteristics of international law and national legal systems. EU institutions and law-making powers are examined as well as the key questions of the impact of EU law on national law and its overall consequences for a) business enterprises and b) individuals. As EU law is highly responsive to economic and social changes, legal rules and judicial decisions

are studied in their wider context. The subject will appeal to students who enjoyed studying Public law or who have an interest in public affairs, politics, economics or international relations.

EvidenceThe law of evidence governs what facts may be presented – and contested – in the courtroom, the techniques for eliciting evidence, and the role of the lawyers, jury and judge in an adversarial system. The subject is an attractive mixture of the intensely practical (e.g. how is cross-examination controlled? what is a jury permitted to hear? when has the burden of proof been discharged?) and the abstract and academic (what is a ‘fact’? what does ‘relevance’ mean? when is evidence prejudicial?). Highly relevant to actual day-to-day legal practice, the subject will appeal especially to students intending to practise in court.

Family lawFamily law affects every member of society, from conception to the grave. Originating in religious law, today the legal regulation of family relationships involves a complex relation between the family and the state. Marriage and divorce and the legal status of offspring are intertwined with questions of financial provision and child protection, not to mention public policy issues arising from advances in biological science or the rise of children’s rights. Family law is highly porous in relation to expert knowledge from disciplines such as psychology and sociology, which means that understanding the statute and case law is not a discrete or isolated study.

History of English lawFull understanding and enjoyment of studying legal history develops both historical and legal skills. Thanks to the large amount of surviving materials, the origins of the common law may be traced in considerable detail from its effective beginnings as the body

of customary laws applied in the royal courts during the first two centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. The institutions of the common law courts, procedure and modes of trial are traced through to the early modern period, followed by an examination of the historical development of the substantive law of land law, contract and tort. This course will appeal to students who enjoy exploring a wide range of reading materials for themselves.

Intellectual propertyIntellectual property is a rapidly expanding body of law that has come into increasing domestic and international prominence. Involving both artistic and scientific concerns, intellectual property underpins a wide variety of everyday activities for individual consumers – hence in turn its immense economic and industrial significance. The law of intellectual property rights seeks a difficult balance between rewarding the right owner and the needs of society to gain access to scientific, technological or cultural benefits. It includes copyright, patent and trade mark law. The course examines the range of different domestic and international legal categories involved in regulating this form of intangible property, and pays specific attention to the ways in which English law, lacking any discrete law of unfair competition, frequently relies on ‘press-ganging’ a range of independent rights (such as confidentiality) to serve that purpose.

International protection of human rightsInternational protection of human rights law concerns protection afforded to individuals. This course seeks to instil a holistic and critical awareness of the fundamental concepts, principles, theories and philosophies underlying international human rights as well as an understanding of the principal internal mechanisms installing and enforcing/monitoring these rights. Specific topics covered include: the


individual in international law; debates about universalism vs cultural relativism; genocide; the history, politics and specific human rights legal enactments instituted by the United Nations; enforcement mechanisms; a review of the systems by reference to key vulnerable groups, notably refugees; the evolution of international individual responsibility for acts such as crimes against humanity and war crimes.

Introduction to Islamic lawThis course offers students an overview of Islamic law, covering its religious, historical and contemporary dimensions. The emphasis of the first part of the course is on the religious and historical foundations of Islamic law, including the emergence of different schools of Islamic law and their consolidation in the main authoritative sources of Islamic law. The course then goes on to examine the application of Islamic law in contemporary jurisdictions, including the reform of Islamic law, focusing on Islamic family law with a shorter section on Islamic criminal law, covering a range of jurisdictions from the Middle East and South Asia. Aspects of civil law and international law are also covered.

Labour lawLabour law has key consequences both for individuals in their job settings and the operation of the labour market in general. The course begins with matters that may be pursued by individuals, covering contracts of employment, unfair dismissal, redundancy, equal pay, and sex and race discrimination. (Understanding of contract law and a willingness to grapple with EU law is important here.) The second part deals with ‘collective’ labour law: the protection of the worker re trade union membership and activities; the status and organisation of trade unions; trade union recognition; the legal regulation of collective bargaining and the law relating to trade disputes. This course will appeal to students interested in industrial relations and their historical and political contexts.

Public international lawPublic international law has been increasingly under the spotlight as it governs – among other things – the agreed rules of the use of force. Public international law concerns legal relations between states but also deals with the role of the United Nations and other international organisations and, in the fields of human rights and international criminal law, the rights and duties of individuals. The course moves from examining basic principles – the sources of international law and the bases of recognising statehood – through specific issues of jurisdictional immunities, treaties and state responsibility to go on to see how these principles are applied in specific areas such as international criminal law, human rights, international environmental law and the law of the sea.

SuccessionWho is entitled to a person’s property on their death, whether that person has made a will or dies intestate? And should there be any restrictions on whom people who make wills are allowed to leave property to when they die? These are the basic questions underpinning the law of succession, and they will affect all people who have access to some form of property, whether as inheritors or as those passing on property. The aim of this course is to explore in detail the operation of inheritance law, especially how a valid will is made, how it can be challenged, how it is administered and what happens when a person dies without leaving a valid will.

Laws Skills Portfolio

Satisfactory completion of the Skills Portfolio is a requirement for the LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree.

The Laws Skills Portfolio involves students in their final year providing evidence and reflective commentary demonstrating that they have attained skills in five areas:1) legal research; 2) autonomy of learning; 3) Information technology; 4) oral communication; and 5) team working.The portfolio is submitted online and is assessed as Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory. There is also a short Laws Skills Portfolio final examination.

There are two methods by which students may attain the research skills (and demonstrate the other skills around that): Laws Skills Pathway 1 or Laws Skills Pathway 2.

Laws Skills Pathway 1Students who are registered for the Dissertation final-year subject option submit information about the research processes they used in researching for their Dissertation (and associated activities) as evidence for the portfolio.

Laws Skills Pathway 2Students undertake a small-scale separate research project in addition to their existing subject options and submit their evidence on the basis of this research (and associated activities).


Profi le: Sheldon V. Branche | LLB graduate, Trinidad

‘The primary reason for choosing the University of London External System was its fl exibility for people already in a career or interested in changing careers, to study part-time with a reputable and outstanding institution.

On commencing my studies with the External System I was a banker and hence time constraints were apparent. The programme allowed me the opportunity to study at my own pace while at the same time receiving sound accreditation necessary in allowing me the privilege to read for the Bar Vocational Course at BPP in London.

Having gained the relevant knowledge through the compulsory and optional courses off ered I am better prepared to comprehend a variety of legal concepts and complex issues.

Of course, the LLB was a stepping stone to becoming a qualifi ed Barrister.

Upon successful completion of the Bar Vocational Studies in London, I returned to my country of birth, Trinidad and Tobago, secured a pupillage in Chambers after which I was enrolled as an Attorney-at-Law and thereby obtained my licence to practice law within my jurisdiction.

I am currently practicing as a Corporate Attorney in one of the largest conglomerates in the Caribbean. The wealth of knowledge and experience I am gaining and will gain over time will be priceless. I am currently quite satisfi ed and fulfi lled in my career. I am considering reading for a Masters of Laws (LLM), specializing in Corporate, in the near future with the University of London as an External student.’

Sheldon works as a Corporate Attorney in Trinidad.

'I am currently practicing as a Corporate Attorney in one of

the largest conglomerates in the Caribbean. The wealth of knowledge and experience I am gaining and will gain over time will be priceless. I am currently quite satisfi ed and fulfi lled

in my career. I am considering reading for a Masters of Laws (LLM),

specializing in Corporate, in the near future with the University of

London as an External student.’

Sheldon V. Branche


Progressing through your course of studyProgressing through your studiesThe LLB is not a ‘modular' programme: you must complete each stage of the course before proceeding on to the next. This means that – depending on the pathway that you have chosen – you will have to succeed in passing groups of examinations all at the same time (in the same examination ‘sitting’):n Diploma in Law (full time): 4 subjects

Diploma in Law (part time): 2 subjects.n LLB Scheme A and Graduate

Entry Route A: 4 subjects.n LLB Scheme B and Graduate

Entry Route B: 3 subjects.)However, we do also off er some ways to make this easier.

‘Referrals’If you fail in one subject only, and the failed mark is between 30-39%, you will then be ‘referred’, which allows you to resit the examination in just that one subject at the next available examination sitting and you will not need to re-sit the other subjects. For students sitting the examinations in the UK the ‘next available sitting’ normally means a September re-sit; for students sitting overseas, it would be in November. (You are allowed two attempts.)

Transfers from ‘A’ pathways to ‘B’ pathwaysSometimes students on the ‘A’ pathways – LLB Scheme A and Graduate Entry Route A – realise quite soon after that have started that they have undertaken too much and would be better off transferring across to Scheme B (or Graduate Entry Route B). This is easily done, but please note that you must do so before you have made your examination entry. However, if you have sat your examinations, and obtained marks of 40 or above in three out of the four, you may transfer to Year 2 of Scheme B (or Graduate Entry Route B), taking with you the three subjects that you have passed, as equivalent to having sat and passed Year 1 of Scheme B (or Graduate Entry Route B).You may also transfer from the Diploma in Law to Year 2 of the LLB (Scheme B) if you have passed three subjects. (Of course, you can also transfer to the LLB after you have passed four subjects.)

Other possible transfersn To another programme within

the External SystemIf you feel that Law is not for you, or wish to combine law with Management or Accounting – you may be able to transfer to another programme within the External System. Please note that transfer to another programme is not automatic. You will need to satisfy the entrance requirements (both general and programme-specifi c) for the programme that you wish to transfer to. Any outstanding fees would be payable.

n To study on campus with a University of London College Law School

After you have passed the Intermediate subjects, you may be able to transfer to the second year of an LLB programme at one of the six Colleges of the University of London that off er law, becoming an internal student. However, you should note that this is not easy as there is a great deal of competition for places and you will need high marks. Each College is autonomous and runs its own admissions policy.

Currently, the Law Schools of Queen Mary and Birkbeck are prepared to actively consider applications to go into the second year of the degree either from the Diploma or the Intermediate year of Scheme A. It is not possible to transfer from Graduate Entry Routes. Applications should be made through UCAS, please visit: www.ucas.ac.uk

n To study at another UK university You may also be able to transfer to the second year of an LLB programme, as an internal student, at other British universities. Special arrangements for admission have been made with the University of Surrey and Kingston University.(For information on credit transfer to the External Undergraduate Laws Programme from another university, see page 38.)


For almost a century and a half, the University of London LLB by External study has provided a route into the world of law in many countries.

The University of London LLB by External study is recognised as a Qualifying Law Degree so long as certain specifi c conditions are met – as outlined below.

Holding a Qualifying Law Degree fulfi ls the requirements of the Academic Stage of legal training and enables students to proceed to the Vocational Stage of training for legal practice in England & Wales. A number of other jurisdictions internationally also recognise the degree as at least partial fulfilment of the Academic Stage requirements.

We strongly advise you to contact the legal professional bodies in the jurisdiction where you intend to practise to fi nd out the specifi c requirements, and the extent to which the University of London LLB by External study satisfi es them, before you register.

In particular, please note that the LLB degree obtained through the Graduate Entry Routes is not accepted as a Qualifying Law Degree in some jurisdictions (although it is in England & Wales).

Qualifying Law Degree requirementsThe Solicitors Regulation Authority and Bar Standards Board of England and Wales both recognise the University of London LLB gained through the External System as a Qualifying Law Degree. This is provided:n you complete the LLB in not

more than six yearsn you pass the assessments in the

‘Foundations of Legal Knowledge’ in not more than three attempts

n you successfully complete a Laws Skills Portfolio (please see next column).

Please note that the following LLB subjects cover the Foundations of Legal Knowledge subject areas:

– Common law reasoning and institutions– Public law – Elements of the law of contract– Criminal law – Law of tort – Land law– Law of trusts– EU law

Laws Skills PortfolioIf you want your LLB to be a Qualifying Law Degree, you must compile and submit a Law Skills Portfolio in your fi nal year of study. The Laws Skills Portfolio is designed for you to demonstrate your abilities in areas such as legal research, team working, oral communication, IT and independent work and refl ection. There are two routes by which you can complete the Laws Skills Portfolio: ‘Law Skills Pathway 1’ uses the Dissertation subject option (a fi nal year option) as the research base to complete the Portfolio; ‘Law Skills Pathway 2’ involves conducting a small-scale research project in addition to your required fi nal year subjects to complete the Portfolio

The LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree in En gland & Wales


Decisions for students seeking a Qualifying Law DegreeStudents who wish to graduate with an LLB that is a Qualifying Law Degree need to make decisions year by year. The diagram below shows what these decisions are for all the diff erent pathways.

Scheme A Scheme B Graduate Entry Route A Graduate Entry Route B

2nd or 3rd year of study 3rd or 4th year of study 2nd year of study

Register for the optional subject, EU Law



3rd year of study 4th year of study

Choose pathway to complete Laws Skills Portfolio*

3rd year of study





* Laws Skills Pathway 1: register for the Dissertation optional subject and complete the Laws Skills Portfolio. Laws Skills Pathway 2: undertake a small-scale separate research project and complete the Laws Skills Portfolio.

Addresseswww.legaleducation.org.ukFor intending solicitors:Solicitors Regulation Authorityn Regulations and Information Servicesn Ipsley Court, Redditch

Worcestershire B98 0TDn Tel: 0870 606 2555 (enquiries)n Fax: 020 7320 5964n Email: [email protected] www.sra.org.ukn 24-hour information pack order

service: 01527 504455.

If you intend to practise in a jurisdiction other than England & WalesBefore you register, it is important to contact the professional legal bodies in the jurisdiction where you intend to practice to fi nd out whether they recognise the University of London LLB by External study as fulfi lling (in whole or in part) the Academic Stage requirements of legal training in that jurisdiction and with what specifi ed requirements.n You need to be very clear about which

route you are pursuing, especially if it is the Graduate Entry Routes.

n It is better to write to the appropriate professional body (enclosing photocopies of any relevant documentation, e.g. certifi cates) as it could be important for you to have a written record of the response relating to your individual circumstances.

n If you do telephone, it will be in your interests to note the name of the person who provides key information or gives you a decision.

For intending barristers:Bar Standards Boardn Education, Training and

Records Departmentn 289–293 High Holborn

London WC1V 7HZn Tel: 020 7611 1444n Fax: 020 7831 9217n www.barstandardsboard.org.uk

The LLB as a Qualifying Law Degree in En gland & Wales


The Laws programme team

Professor Wayne MorrisonDirector, External Undergraduate Laws ProgrammeAs Director, Wayne

Morrison is the driving force behind strategic planning and key initiatives in the External Undergraduate Laws Programme. Since 1999, he has instituted major reforms in the teaching materials, online provision and relations with teaching institutions. He is also responsible for negotiations concerning recognition of the LLB by External study and the Diploma in Law in various jurisdictions as satisfying the academic stage of legal education.

Professor Morrison is a Professor of Law at Queen Mary (University of London) Law School and is a highly regarded legal scholar, in 2006 receiving the degree of LLD in recognition of his work in the fi eld of criminology and jurisprudence. He is also the co-author of the subject guides in ‘Common law reasoning and institutions’ and ‘Jurisprudence and legal theory’.

Simon AskeyDeputy DirectorAs Deputy Director, Simon is closely involved with all aspects of the

Laws programme. He brings to the role an extensive portfolio of teaching and research experience in both law and education. His current research looks at the role of culture in teaching and learning.

The programme draws upon over 160 academics as examiners, contributors to learning materials, committee members, external examiners, reviewers and consultants. These academics are located in the Colleges of the

University of London and a range of universities in the UK (including Oxford, Cambridge, Wales, Edinburgh, Durham and Nottingham). The fact that they contribute part time and draw upon their internal experience gives the

programme a range and depth of experience unique in world education. At the core of this academic body is a full-time group at the Laws Consortium offi ces at the University centrally.

Mary LuckhamSenior Teaching FellowMary Luckham is responsible for the strategic oversight and management of

the Laws VLE which was introduced in 2006 and intends to further develop the online resources for students. She is also involved in the development of the new Diploma in the Common Law and is co-author of the Criminal Law and Tort Subject Guides. In addition to a long career of university teaching on both LLB and GDL programmes, she has spent a number of years teaching students on the External Undergraduate Laws Programme, so is ideally placed to understand the system from the point of view of both students and teaching institutions.

Curtiz CotterellLaw Skills Senior LecturerThe Laws Programme now has a dedicated skills role. Curtiz

Cotterell will develop support for legal and transferable skills and oversee the Laws Skills Portfolio. He also specialises in both Public/Admin and EU law, which he has taught at a number of institutions. Having taught within both the HE and FE sector, Curtiz is well placed to incorporate the new skills requirements for the Qualifying Law Degree into the Laws Programme.

Vickie ThanapalGraduate Teaching AssistantVickie is a graduate of the External Laws Programme as well as

holding two Masters-level degrees (one by distance learning and one gained internally from Queen Mary, University of London). She taught for several years at an independent teaching institution operating in Singapore and Hong Kong. In 2006-7 she conducted MA research on the relationship between the teaching institutions and London centrally. She is currently undertaking a PhD on the External Laws Programme and travels to the independent institutions making presentations explaining the online library and the compulsory legal research component for fi rst year students.

Angela BootsOnline Laws LibrarianAs the Online Librarian, I am here to help you make the most of the resources the University provides for its students. The Laws Programme is placing increasing importance on students conducting legal research on a wide range of legal databases, websites and government publications. These online resources will not only enrich your studies, but also familiarise you with the world of legal information. I can help with questions such as which database is best for searching EU law and how you can fi nd journal articles relating to a statutory provision.

The core academic team


Michael DavisHead of the Laws Consortium Offi ceI have worked with the University since 2002, previously in

the role of Institutions Manager. I have recently joined the Laws Consortium as Head of the Laws Offi ce and my role includes supporting the Laws Consortium committees that provide the academic governance for the undergraduate laws programmes. I am also responsible for running the Laws Offi ce and working closely with academic colleagues in supporting and coordinating key-projects and developments across the programme.

Martina MooreLaws Manager (Institutions)As the Laws Manager (Institutions) my responsibilities

include managing the formal relation between the Programme and teaching institutions through the ‘Permission to teach’ approval framework for the Diploma in Law. This includes planning the arrangements for inspection visits by members of the Laws team and having oversight of the approval and renewal processes. Having worked with the External System for many years, I appreciate and understand the important role that institutions play in supporting students’ learning.

The core administrative team

External programmes of the University are administratively supported by a central body (EISA) located in Stewart

House. EISA has four directorates and over 140 staff covering areas such as admissions, marketing, quality

assurance, programme development, distribution of learning materials and processing of examinations.

Agnieszka DziembaLaws Manager (Student Support)My role as Laws Support Manager is extremely varied

and involves me with numerous tasks supporting the Laws programme. I am responsible for organising the London induction day and weekend courses, which provide students with the opportunity to attend intellectually stimulating lectures and seminars provided by experienced teachers in their particular subjects, and the chance to meet fellow students. I also assist with compiling the student handbook and in providing support for the new Dissertation and Skills Portfolios.

Stephen BarnesLaws Manager (Administration)I am responsible for providing administrative

management across a range of activities in addition to responsibility for key areas of the Laws Consortium Offi ce’s work. These include managing the administration for the Laws skills portfolios, supervising and supporting the production of study packs, dealing with the Offi ce’s fi nancial matters and servicing the Examinations Panel of the External Laws Committee. I also assist with answering student queries and the organisation of teaching and inspection visits to UK and overseas institutions, including travel arrangements.

Dipak BhudiaLaws VLE Support Offi cerMy main responsibilities include the day-to-day

supporting and developing of the Laws Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). I have previously worked on implementing new education technology systems, which has assisted me in the developing of the new Laws VLE. Part of my role is to ensure the programme learning materials are available through the VLE, and being the fi rst point of contact for any Laws VLE related issues.

Lindsay RawlingsLaws Consortium Administrative Offi cerI am the fi rst point of contact for enquiries to the Laws

Consortium Offi ce and provide advice and assistance to a wide range of staff and students. My key responsibilities are: providing administrative assistance for the Laws Induction and Weekend Courses; record keeping; supporting the Laws Manager (Student Support) with student surveys; supporting the Laws Manager (Administration) with the administration of the Laws Skills Portfolios and Dissertations and the production of study packs.


Entrance requirements LLB

Diploma in the Common Law

To be eligible to register for the LLB or the Diploma in the Common Law you must normally* be at least 17 years of age at the time of registration and have passes in:n either two subjects at GCE ‘A’

level and at least three further subjects at GCSE or GCE ‘O’ level (at not less than grade C or a ‘pass’ if taken prior to 1975)

n or three subjects at GCE ‘A’ level (one of which must be at least grade D or above)

n or three subjects at GCE ‘A’ level and one further subject at GCSE or GCE ‘O’ level (at not less than grade C)

n or two subjects at GCE ‘A’ level and two further subjects at ‘AS’ level.

Required standardCandidates will usually be considered to meet the English language requirements on the basis that:n their first language/mother

tongue is English;or they provide satisfactory evidence showing that they have had:n substantial (minimum of 18

months) education (secondary or higher) conducted in English; or

n substantial (minimum of 18 months) work experience conducted in English; or

n passed acceptable examinations in English equivalent to GCSE/GCE ‘O’ Level English Language grade C (please see page 49); or

n passed, at an appropriate level, a test of proficiency in English that is acceptable to the University of London (please see page 49).

Notes: n The University reserves the right to

request applicants to provide evidence acceptable to the University of oral and written competence in English before an offer of registration can be made (please see page 49).

n There are many other acceptable qualifications both from the UK and overseas which the University accepts instead of British ‘O’ and ‘A’ levels (see ’Other acceptable qualifications’ on the page opposite).

n In all instances where an ‘A’ level examination is specified, two ‘AS’ level examinations can be accepted as equivalent to, and will replace, one ‘A’ level.

n The same subject may only be offered once and at one level.

English language requirementThe language of instruction, reading and assessment is English; success in the LLB requires a good level of English competence. Any candidates in doubt as to their abilities in written and/or oral English are strongly advised to undertake English language courses and tests before enrolling on the programme.The Undergraduate Laws Programme policy on English language requirements is that all applicants must :n sign a statement on their application

form acknowledging that they are aware of the required English language standard; and

n verify that they either have met the required standard or are undertaking examinations/proficiency tests to meet it.

Graduate Entry to the LLB

The following are eligible to apply for graduate entry:n graduates holding a full first

degree from a state university in the United Kingdom or another European country or in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa or the Caribbean

n graduates holding a full first degree from a regionally accredited institution in the USA

n graduates holding a full first degree from an Indian Institute of Technology or a four-year, full-time first degree from a recognised university or a three-year, full-time first degree from a limited number of acceptable universities in India

n graduates holding a four-year full-time first degree from a limited number of acceptable universities in Vietnam.

Note: Applications from students with other degrees not listed above will be considered at the discretion of the University. Professional qualifications cannot be considered for graduate entry.

Online access is a requirement for registration to the LLB and Diploma in the Common Law programmes. If you do not have appropriate online access you will not be able to undertake the compulsory online legal research exercises, complete the online Skills Portfolio or fulfil IT skills requirements. Technical specifications are given on page 19.

*Applications will be considered from applicants who do not meet the normal minimum age requirement for admission. Each application will be considered on an individual basis, and the decision taken at the discretion of the University of London.


Diploma in Law

To be eligible for the Diploma you must:n normally* be 18 years of age

or older before 1 September in the year you register with the University as an External student and

n be admitted to a course of instruction for the Diploma at a teaching institution that has been given ‘Permission to teach’ for this purpose.

In addition to the above, many Diploma-teaching institutions have their own admission criteria. You must contact the teaching institutions directly for this information. Please see pages 14–15 for contact details of teaching institutions with ‘Permission to teach’ status.

The University has a Special Admissions Panel that will consider an application from you if either;n you have passed examinations

that would give you admission to an acceptable university outside the UK, or

n you have obtained an appropriate qualifi cation/s other than a degree from an acceptable institution, or

n you have a professional qualifi cation/s (gained by examination) that admits you to membership of an acceptable professional body, or

n if you do not meet the normal minimum age requirement for registration.

Note: The Special Admissions Panel considers every aspect of the application including all qualifi cations, relevant work experience and reasons for study. You are asked to note, however, that applications are rarely accepted on the basis of extensive/relevant work experience alone. Evidence of a qualifi cation obtained since leaving secondary/high school is also invariably required. Having considered your application, the Panel may decide that you must obtain an additional qualifi cation/s before an off er of registration for the External System can be made.

Special admissions

Other acceptable qualifi cationsThere are many other qualifi cations, both from the United Kingdom and overseas, that the University accepts for admissions purposes. Some of these may be found on pages 42–48.The qualifi cations on those pages are listed by country and in accordance with the following key:G satisfi es the general entrance requirements as a wholeA/AS is equivalent to GCE ‘A’/’AS’ levelO is equivalent to GCSE/GCE ‘O’ levelS satisfi es the entrance requirements for the degree/diploma named

Notes:a. Even if your qualifi cations are not

automatically acceptable (i.e. your qualifi cation is not listed on pages 42–48 or you have not met the grades/marks specifi ed) you are encouraged to apply as it is still possible to consider your application (see ‘Special admissions’ below)

b. The University cannot give advice or comment on qualifi cations and eligibility until your application form, all the necessary documentation and the application handling fee have been received

c. If, after considering your application, we are unable to accept you onto the programme with your current qualifi cations, we will suggest what you can do to become qualifi ed

d. When your application is received it is kept on fi le for fi ve years, during which time we will give you any further advice and information you require on the application.


Application and registration processHow to apply and register

If you prefer to send your application by post (not by fax), please follow the instructions below.

Complete the application form, carefully and in full, listing all your qualifi cations. It should be submitted together with the non-refundable application handling fee and documentary evidence of your full name and every qualifi cation you have listed on your form to:Admissions Offi ceExternal SystemUniversity of London, Ground fl oor, Stewart House, 32 Russell Square London WC1B 5DN, UK.

If you are unable to send all of the documentation with your application form please enclose a letter with the form giving the reasons.

If you intend to sit your fi rst examination in the year following your application, your application form, fee and all documentary evidence in support of your application must be received as early as possible but no later than:n 17 September

(if you live outside the EU)n 17 October

(if you live within the EU).

Note: Applications received after the deadline date will be kept on fi le and processed when the new Admissions year opens in February. However, you are asked to note that you will then not be permitted to enter your fi rst examination until the following year.Applicants resident in Hong Kong and Singapore should return their application form directly to:

Hong Kong: London University Applications, School of Professional and Continuing Education (SPACE), University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Admiralty Centre, 18 Harcourt Road, Hong Kong

Singapore:RELC Examinations Bureau,30 Orange Grove Road, Level 3 RELC Building,Singapore 258352

We will acknowledge receipt of your application form and send you a student number. The allocation of a student number at this stage does not constitute acceptance onto the programme.

If you have not received an acknowledgement within three weeks of sending in your form, please contact the Admissions Offi ce with details of your full name, the programme for which you have applied and the date you posted your form and fee.

Diploma in Lawn Applications for the Diploma

in Law must be submitted through an independent teaching institution and not to the University of London directly. Full details about the Diploma, including entrance criteria, syllabuses and application forms should be obtained from the teaching institution at which the student intends to enrol, not from the University of London.

LLB and Diploma in the Common lawn For the LLB and the Diploma

in the Common Law you can either apply online (www.londonexternal.ac.uk/onlineapps/) or by post, using the application form which is printed in the centre of this prospectus. DO NOT submit an online application and one by post. If you do, this will inevitably delay both applications.

n If you decide to apply online, please ensure you print off or refer to the ‘Guidance notes for applications (Undergraduate)‘ (www.londonexternal.ac.uk/forms/online_application_forms/ug_guidance_notes.pdf) before you complete the online application.

Getting started Stage 1 Stage 2Stage 1 Stage 2


How to apply and register

Your application will be considered, however, we will not be able to give you a fi nal decision on your application until all the necessary documentation has been received.

We will write to you with one of the following responses: EITHER You are qualifi ed, we will send you:n a letter off ering you

registration for your chosen programme (called the ‘Off er letter’)

n a registration formn a fee slip andn a copy of the current

Regulations. OR It appears that you are qualifi ed and we are provisionally accepting you, but in order to receive a fi nal ‘Off er letter’ you will need to submit further information and/or documentary evidence (as specifi ed in our letter) that confi rms the qualifi cations on your application form. OR We require more information and/or documentary evidence before we can make a decision on your application.

It may also be necessary to then refer your application to the Special Admissions Panel for a fi nal decision to be made (see ‘Special admissions’ on page 33).

OR We are currently unable to accept you onto the programme.

We will then make some suggestions as to what you might do to become qualifi ed. If you take our advice and obtain the qualifi cation(s) we specify within the validity of the application form (fi ve years from the date it is received in our offi ce), you should submit evidence of the qualifi cation(s) to the Admissions offi ce. If it is then confi rmed that the conditions have been met and the qualifi cation is still available, the off er of registration will be issued. You will not need to submit a second application or pay a second application handling fee.

To register, complete the registration form and fee slip and return this with the registration fee. The form and fee for both must be received as early as possible but no later than 30 November in the year before you wish to sit for your fi rst examination.

When we receive your registration form and fee, the Registry will send you confi rmation of your registration and details of how to apply for examination entry forms. The Despatch Offi ce will also send you your study materials.

Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5


n Submit your application even if it is incomplete (for example: if you are waiting to sit an examination or to receive examination results). Do not delay – we can often begin to consider your application without all the evidence, although we will not be able to give you a fi nal decision on your application until all the

necessary documentation has been received and inspected to our satisfaction.

n We cannot tell you whether you are eligible until your form, application handling fee and all the required documentation have been received.

n The application handling fee must be submitted with the application

form. Do not send them separately. You are also asked to note that this fee cannot be refunded.

n Once your application is received, it is kept on fi le for fi ve years. During this time we will give you any advice and information you need about your application at no extra cost.

Useful information for applicants

All applicantsn We strongly advise you to

send all original documents by Special Delivery or International Recorded Delivery and to send us payment for their return by this method. If you do not pay the return postage the documents will be returned by second class post/airmail (as applicable).

n If any evidence you submit is either incomplete or unacceptable to the University for admission purposes

or if we need further information about a particular qualifi cation (e.g. a transcript and/or syllabus), we may ask you to contact the appropriate awarding or examining authority to ask them to write to us direct giving further details of your qualifi cation/s.

n You can send us your original result slip/s of any ‘A’ level examinations for which the fi nal certifi cate has yet to be issued. However, result slips from previous years cannot be accepted – you will need to submit the original certifi cate.

n We must receive all documentary evidence forwarded after the

application form has been submitted within one month of the date of our request. If you are unable to meet this deadline you must let us know without delay.

n The University reserves the right to ask for further evidence of your qualifi cation/s if required.

n It is your responsibility to arrange for all the necessary documentation to be obtained in support of your application. The University cannot undertake to do this on your behalf. (This also applies to any translation(s) of documents submitted by the applicant that may be required.)

Applicants living outside the UK should enclose: EITHER the original certifi cate/s showing the fi nal award/s for each qualifi cation OR photocopies of these originals verifi ed by a British Council offi cial. If the British Council is unable to provide this service for any reason, it will be necessary for you to either send the original certifi cates with your application or you should contact the appropriate awarding/ examining authority and arrange for them to send us direct a certifi ed statement of results.

We cannot accept photocopies that have been verifi ed by anyone other than a British Council offi cial.

Applicants living in the UKn Enclose, where available, the

original certifi cate/s showing the fi nal award/s for each qualifi cation. Photocopies cannot be accepted for admission purposes.

n If you would prefer not to send your original certifi cates by post, you may wish to bring your application form, application handling fee and all the original certifi cates into the Admissions Offi ce personally.

n We will photocopy the certifi cates and return them to you. Your application will then be processed in the usual way and the decision sent to you by post.

n If an original certifi cate is unavailable for any reason, you may either submit any other evidence that you have relating to the qualifi cation(s) or await our initial response to your application. We will then advise you exactly what evidence you need to submit.

n If the evidence you submit is incomplete or unacceptable for any reason, we will ask you to contact the appropriate awarding or examining authority to arrange for them to send us direct a certifi ed statement of your results.

Documentary evidence


Profi le: May Ling Wong | LLB graduate

‘I particularly liked the way in which the programme was structured. It gave me the fl exibility I wanted. Another infl uential factor was being able to get a qualifi cation from a prestigious institution like the University of London.

I attended classes at a local institution, HKU SPACE, and was delighted that after three years of

intense hard work I achieved a First Class degree. I'm extremely pleased with the result, and the fact it has opened so many doors for me. I'm now working in an international law fi rm, after having completed the Postgraduate Certifi cate in Laws and a two year training contract. I have in fact just been admitted as a solicitor

in Hong Kong. Although it took a total of six years to get here, looking back, it was worth every minute. It was a huge decision to change my career completely from medical research to law, and there's no way I would've been able to do that without the University of London.

I think the key to success was discipline. There really

was no substitute for discipline when doing a degree by External study. Believe me, at the end of the day, it's worth it, and it's a skill that will serve you well in the future too.’

May Ling works for an international law fi rm in Hong Kong.

‘I think the key to success was discipline. There

really was no substitute for discipline when doing a

degree by External study.’May Ling Wong


Credit transferA completed fi rst degreeIf you have already completed a fi rst degree (e.g. a BA or BSc), then you may be eligible for the LLB Graduate Entry Routes. This means that you will only have to study nine subjects rather than 12.n Your fi rst degree must be from

an institution acceptable to the University for this purpose.

n You must also satisfy the general entrance requirements for registration.

n You cannot in addition be given recognition for individual subjects previously studied.

The University will assess all requests for credit transfer on an individual basis and at the discretion of the University.Note: Qualifying Law Degree status. The Graduate Entry Route LLB is recognised as a QLD by the professional bodies of England & Wales, so long as the other QLD requirements are fulfi lled. See page 28.

Partially completed studiesYou may be able to transfer credits in individual subjects if you have undertaken part of an appropriate degree at another institution and passed these subjects. This allows you to complete your studies for

the LLB as an External student under Scheme A or Scheme B.n An appropriate degree’ will in practice

normally mean another UK-based Qualifying Law Degree programme.

n Credit transfer is possible only in respect to the Intermediate level subjects on the LLB Scheme A or their equivalent on Scheme B.

n You must not have failed subjects either in that year or subsequently.

n Transfer of credits counts towards the total number of subjects you have to take to complete the degree. For example, if you are granted full credit transfer for a completed year’s work of 120 credits you will then have to undertake Part I and Part II studies.

n The degree classification that you receive (i.e. First, Upper Second etc) will not be aff ected by the marks in the subjects you transfer. This is because degree classification is worked out on the basis of Part I and Part II performance.

n Credit transfer for individual subjects is not possible for the equivalent of Part I or Part II subjects.

n Credit transfer for individual subjects is not possible for the Diploma in Law or Graduate Entry Routes.

n You must have passed these subjects within the three years prior to the date of application.

(The University will assess all requests for credit transfer on an individual basis and at the discretion of the University. In considering whether to grant recognition of your prior study, the University will follow the Credit Transfer sections of the Guide to the Academic Stage of Training issued by the professional bodies in respect to qualifying as a barrister or solicitor in England & Wales.)

Exemption for prior learningIf you have obtained Level 6 of the Professional Higher Diploma in Law of the Institute of Legal Executives, you may apply for exemption for prior learning for up to a maximum of four Intermediate subjects. No other professional qualifi cations are eligible.

(The University will assess requests for exemption for prior credit transfer on an individual basis and at the discretion of the University.)

Recognition of prior study


For students wishing to obtain a Qualifying Law DegreeIn order for the fi nal degree to be a Qualifying Law Degree, the following requirements must be met:n the degree programme from

which credits were transferred must have formed part of a Qualifying Law Degree and

n the entire course of study, including the study for which credit transfer or exemption for prior learning is awarded, must not be more than six years; and

n credits transferred in respect of the Foundations of Legal Knowledge subject/areas (as defi ned in the Professional Bodies’ qualifying regulations) and the remaining Foundations of Legal Knowledge subjects taken for the degree must total at least 180 credits (90 European Credit Transfer); and

n the student must satisfy the requirements for demonstrating subject specifi c and transferable skills as agreed between the University and the Joint Academic Stage Board.

How do I apply for recognition of prior study?Please read this section carefully.In the case of recognition of a completed fi rst degree you need to follow the instructions in respect of applying for Graduate Entry (see the appropriate section on the LLB application form).

In the case of recognition of partially completed study, you must make a formal application. Please complete the ‘application for credit transfer’ section of the LLB application form included in the centre of this prospectus when you apply (see ‘Application and registration process’ on page 34). If, for any reason, you are unable to do this you should write as soon as possible to the External Admissions Offi ce at the address given on page 34.

Deadline dateWe must receive your application for credit transfer no later than:17 September (if you live outside the EU)17 October (if you live within the EU)

On receipt of your credit transfer application, the Admissions Offi ce will send you one of the following:n an exemption/credit transfer request

pack comprising a request for, fee slip and a covering letter. Please complete and return request form and fee, following the instructions given in the accompanying letter. You must also submit all the documentary evidence requested in the letter and the fee indicated. We will only be able to fully consider your application after we have received the necessary documentary evidence. Once we have received this we will then take a decision on your application for recognition of prior learning as soon as possible.

Please note that it is not possible for us to refund this fee, even if we are unable to award you any recognition for your prior learning.

n or a decision letter informing you that your request has been unsuccessful.

Note: Applications for recognition cannot be considered after a student has made entry to the examination. Students must note that no recognition will be granted unless specifi c application has been made.

'I chose to study at the University of London for diff erent reasons from others. While I was studying for a 'civil law' LLB at Chulalongkorn University, the most prestigious university in Thailand, I took on a tough challenge: I studied for my second 'common law' LLB at the University of London as an External student. I did so out of my desire to master the comparative knowledge and skills in both dominant legal systems, and to give

myself a splendid career option – working either in Bangkok or in London.

During my study, I had access to the latest information in the newly-overhauled online library resources that would have taken me a million years to explore. If you are struggling to fi nd something, you have the best help available 24-7. Also, the annual revision courses at Cambridge University exposed me to the teaching of the best-known scholars in the world.

Due to the same standard as that of the college-based students, great diligence, fi rm discipline, and careful time management are required to pass its rigorous exams; but, trust me, this superb investment is worth your time and money.

The University of London External System’s internationally-recognized high standard places you on an equal footing with full-time students in London. Thanks to the University of London, so far, I have

been accepted to the LLM programmes at two of the Ivy League universities in the US. These opportunities are knocking at your door, and you simply need the motivation to grasp these chances!'

Suvitcha is an Associate at Bunchong and Vidhya Law Offi ce, Bangkok.

Profi le: Suvitcha Nativivat | LLB graduate

and you simply need the motivation to grasp these chances!'

Suvitcha is an Associate at Bunchong and Vidhya Law Offi ce, Bangkok.

Evelyn Khoo is Senior Associate at an investment bank and chose to study the LLB through the University of London External System to help give her an advantage

in today’s competitive job market. ‘I believe a degree from University of London will help anyone in pursuing their ambitions, anywhere in the world.’ The programme

provided Evelyn with the knowledge and skills which have helped her grow both intellectually and personally. ‘Most importantly, it was a major factor in my gaining a new job

with an investment bank.’Evelyn works for an investment bank in Malaysia

Profi le: Evelyn Khoo | LLB graduate

‘I believe a degree from University of London will help anyone in pursuing their ambitions,

anywhere in the world.'

Evelyn Khoo



Scholarships for External students

The Malaysian LLB scholarshipKing’s College London and the University of London External SystemThe External System and King’s College London have established a scholarship which is awarded annually to an LLB External student who is a citizen of Malaysia, living and studying in Malaysia. This scholarship was awarded for the first time in 1995. Funding for the scholarship comes from the External System and the successful applicant enters King’s College London to complete Part I and Part II of their degree.

King’s College London The campus of King’s College is in the centre of London, very close to the Inns of Court and the Royal Courts of Justice. Law has been taught at King’s since 1831 and the College has for many years taken Malaysian students into its undergraduate and postgraduate law degree programmes. Staff from King’s have always had a close connection with the External System and participate fully in the intensive weekend courses held for External students.

Who can apply?The scholarship is open to students who are sitting the Intermediate examination under LLB Scheme A. Applicants must be Malaysian citizens who have undertaken their secondary education in Malaysia, and who are living and studying in Malaysia. The scholarship will be offered to the applicant who achieves the highest marks in the Intermediate examination provided that he or she is taking the examination for the first time and that his or her application is otherwise satisfactory.

Making an applicationDetails of how to apply are given in the Student Handbook sent to all registered students.

What is the scholarship worth?The successful student benefits from a scholarship of around £17,500 each year. Further details are given with the application form.

We are not aware of any scholarships that are generally available to External students who wish to study the LLB or Diploma. If you are outside the United Kingdom and you have a British Council office near to you, it might be worth checking if they know of any local funding or sponsorship.

Please note: the award of a scholarship place is exceptional. King’s College London cannot normally consider other applications from External students who wish to transfer to King’s for the second year of their study. You are asked not to contact King’s College directly in this respect or in connection with the scholarship, which will be administered by the External System Examinations Office.

The Jim Stephens Memorial ScholarshipThe Jim Stephens Memorial Scholarship may be awarded at the discretion of the Board of Examiners to the student who achieved the best results at the LLB Intermediate Scheme A examination. The value of the scholarship will cover the continuing registration fee and the examination fees for Scheme A Part I or Scheme B Year 2, and a further £250 towards the cost of books.

42 Undergraduate study in Laws42 Undergraduate study in Laws

The following list was published in March 2008. It is reviewed and updated annually and therefore is subject to amendment in future years. You are asked to note that applications will be considered on the basis of the list that is in effect at the time the application is received in the Admissions Office.

This section lists some of the qualifications that have been recognised by the External System as satisfying either the general entrance requirements or part of the general entrance requirements or the entrance requirements for one particular degree or diploma.

Qualifications that satisfy the general entrance requirements do not necessarily satisfy the course requirements (where applicable). The course requirements are considered separately and may not appear in this list.

All applications are considered individually on merit. Therefore, even if, according to this list, you appear to satisfy the entrance requirements, you may not be automatically eligible to register as an External student.

Please note: this list is given for guidance purposes only and the External System reserves the right to amend it at any time. For the latest update, usually available from the end of April, please visit our website: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/how_to_apply/qualified.shtml

The qualifications are listed by country and in accordance with the following key:

O is equivalent to GCSE/GCE O level

A (or AS) is equivalent to GCE A/AS level

S satisfies the entrance requirements for the degree/diploma named

G satisfies the general entrance requirements as a whole

O A S G

International qualifications

International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) – grades A to C.

l

Advanced International Certificate of Education, provided that a minimum score of 120 points is achieved.

l

European Baccalaureate. l

International Baccalaureate (the Diploma). l

Algeria Baccalaureat, provided that a grade of at least Bien is achieved.

l

Argentina Bachillerato provided a mark of 7 has been obtained (except for English Language).

l

Bachillerato Especializado (except for English Language) provided a mark of 7 has been obtained.

l

Australia CPA Australia (formerly known as Australian Society of Accountants), Associate membership, having passed all final examinations.

l

Institute of Chartered Accountants, Membership, having passed all final examinations.

l

Australian Capitol Territory

Universities Admission Index (UAI) score of 80 or above.

l

New South Wales

Universities Admission Index (UAI) score of 80 or above.

l

Northern Territory

An Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank of 80 or above.

l

Queensland An Overall Position (OP) Band score between 1 and 8. l

South Australia An Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank of 80 or above.

l

Tasmania An Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank of 80 or above.

l

Victoria An Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank of 80 or above.

l

Western Australia

An Equivalent National Tertiary Entrance Rank of 80 or above.

l

Austria Maturazeugnis. l

Reifezeugnis. l

Bangladesh Higher Secondary Certificate or Intermediate, subjects passed at 60% or better (with the exception of English Language), or, from 2003 onward, a grade of A- or better.

l

Belgium Bekwaamheidsdiploma. l

Diplôme d’Aptitude à l’Enseignement Superieur. l

Maturité. l

Bosnia – Herzegovina

Matura. l

Brunei Cambridge/Brunei General Certificate of Education (Grades 1-6).

l

Cambridge/Brunei Advanced Level General Certificate od Education .

l

Bulgaria Matura. l

Cameroon Cameroon Ordinary Level Certificate of Education (Grades A and B).

l

Cameroon Advanced Level Certificate of Education Grades A-D.

l

CanadaAlberta

Passes in five acceptable Grade 12 courses, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those courses.

l

Qualifications for entrance

www.londonexternal.ac.uk/llb 43www.londonexternal.ac.uk/llb 43

O A S G

Canada (continued) British Columbia

Passes in five acceptable subjects in the Senior Secondary Graduation Diploma, provided that not less than grade B is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

Manitoba Not less than five credits at the 300 Level in at least four subject areas in the High School Graduation Diploma, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

New Brunswick Passes in five acceptable subjects in the High School Graduation Diploma, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

Newfoundland Passes in at least five acceptable subjects in the Grade 12 High School Diploma, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

Nova Scotia Passes in five acceptable Grade 12 subjects in Honours University Preparatory Courses or in University Preparatory Courses in the High School Completion Certificate, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

Ontario Passes in six Ontario Academic Courses (OACs), provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those courses.

l

Passes in six final year U, UC or M coded courses, provided that at least 70% is achieved.

l

Prince Edward Island

Passes in five acceptable Grade 12 subjects in the High School Graduation Diploma, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

Québec Diplome d’Etudes Collegiales (DEC) [Diploma of Collegial Studies].

l

Saskatchewan Passes in five acceptable subjects of Division IV standing, provided that at least 70% is achieved in each of those subjects.

l

China Senior High School Diploma – passes at a minimum of either 70% or Grade B in the final year of the diploma, on a subject for subject basis, with the exception of English language.

l

Croatia Matura. l

Cyprus Apolytirion, provided that an average mark of at least 17 is achieved.

l

A diploma awarded by the Higher Technical Institute, provided that it is at least two years full time or four years part time.

l

Czech Republic Maturita. l

Maturitna Zjouska. l

Denmark Hojere Forberedelseseksamen. l

Studentereksamen. l

Egypt Thanaweya A’ama (General Secondary School Certificate) subjects passed at 70% or better (with the exception of English Language).

l

Fiji Fiji Form 7 Examination subjects passed with grades A to C

l

Finland Studentexamen. l

Ylioppilastutkinto. l

France Baccalaureat d’Enseignement du Second Degré. l

Option Internationale du Baccalaureat (OIB). l

Germany Abitur. l

Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife. l

Greece Apolytirion of Lykeion, provided that an average mark of at least 17 is achieved.

l

Hong Kong SAR

Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong.

l

Hong Kong Certificate of Education grades A–C in any medium.

l

Hong Kong Higher Level Examination grades A–D. l

Hong Kong Advanced Supplementary (AS) Examination (in and after 1994; grades A–E) [Note: a pass at the AS ‘Use of English’ examination is not acceptable as equivalent to GCSE/GCE O Level English Language grade C, but may be considered as acceptable evidence of proficiency in English.] ✔= AS level only

✔

O A S G

Hong Kong SAR (continued)

Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination grades A–E [Note: a pass at grades A–C in Use of English is accepted as equivalent to grade C at GCSE/GCE O level in English Language.]

l

A Diploma awarded by one of the following institutions, provided that it is at least two years full time or four years part time: City University of Hong Kong (previously City Polytechnic of Hong Kong); Hong Kong Baptist University (previously Hong Kong Baptist College); Hong Kong Polytechnic University (previously Hong Kong Polytechnic); Lingnan College; Shue Yan College.

l

Higher Certificate or Higher Diploma of the City University of Hong Kong (previously City Polytechnic of Hong Kong) or Hong Kong Polytechnic University (previously Hong Kong Polytechnic).

l

Diploma in Business Studies of the Hang Seng School of Commerce, provided that three of the examinations in the final year are passed in approved subjects with at least two at grade B and a further one at grade C.

l

Associate Degree from a recognised awarding institution in Hong Kong.

l

Associate degree awarded by Hong Kong University/SPACE satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/O Level Mathematics for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and Social Sciences.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE, Community College, Advanced Certificate of General Studies.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Diploma in Finance. l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Diploma in Housing Management.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Shanghai Diploma in Economics and Management.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Advanced Diplomas in Finance, Finance (Investments), Accounting or in Management Studies satisfy the entry requirements for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance & Social Sciences only.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Higher Diplomas in Business awarded after a course of study lasting two years in the following pathways, Corporate Administration & Governance, International Trade and Quality & Operations Management satisfy the entry requirements for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance & Social Sciences only.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Higher Diplomas in Business awarded after a course of study lasting 3 years in the following pathways, Accounting; Financial Services; Marketing & Management; Marketing & Media; and in Sales Marketing & Advertising, satisfy the entry requirements for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance & Social Sciences only.

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Higher Diplomas in Information Technology and in Corporate Communications & Management, awarded after a course of study lasting 3 years, satisfy the entry requirements for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance & Social Sciences only.

l

University of Hong Kong Certificate in Legal Studies Year II (if awarded prior to 2005).

l

University of Hong Kong Diploma in Legal Studies (awarded after 2005).

l

University of Hong Kong/SPACE Advanced Diploma in Legal Studies.

l

Hong Kong Management Association/Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Joint Diploma in Management Studies.

l

Hong Kong Management Association/Lingnan University Joint Diploma in Management Studies.

l

Open Learning Institute course with 40 credits (mature age candidates may apply on the basis of 20 credits).

l

A Teacher’s Certificate awarded by one of the following institutions, provided that it is at least two years full time: Grantham College of Education; Northcote College of Education; Sir Robert Black College of Education; the Hong Kong Institute of Education (includes the Hong Kong Technical Teachers College and the Institute of Language in Education).

l


O A S G

Hong Kong SAR (continued)

Vocational Training Council Diplomas, provided that at least three full units in acceptable subjects are passed at Merit Level (or at 60% or more) in the second year.

l

Hong Kong Technical College (Chai Wan or Tsing Yi)/ Vocational Training Council Higher Certificates in acceptable subjects.

l

Hong Kong Technical College (Chai Wan or Tsing Yi)/Vocational Training Council Higher Diplomas.

l

Hungary Erettsegi. l

Matura. l

Iceland Studentsprof. l

India Year XII CBSE All India/Delhi Senior School Certificate or Year XII CISC Indian School Certificate, 4 acceptable academic subjects each passed at 80% or better.

l

Year XII CBSE All India/Delhi Senior School Certificate or Year XII CISC Indian School Certificate Mathematics passed at 70% satisfies the course requirement for entry to BSc CIS.

✔

All India Senior School Certificate (year 12) and Delhi Senior School Certificate (year 12) subjects passed at 50% or above.

l

All India Senior School Certificate (Year 11), Indian School Certificate (Year 11) and Delhi Senior School Certificate (Year 11) – Mathematics passed at 80% or over, satisfies the GCSE/GCE O level Mathematics course requirement for the BSc degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only.

l

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Diploma in Information Technology awarded (in and after 2004) with a First Class result, providing that a mark of at least 60% is obtained in module 902 Engineering Mathematics and in 1135 Applied Mathematics, satisfies the entrance requirements for the BSc Computing & Information Systems degree only.

l

Indonesia Sekolah Menengah Umum (from 1996), except English Language, provided that a mark of 8 is achieved.

l

Ireland, Republic of

Irish Leaving Certificate grades A–C at Ordinary Level. l

Matriculation Examination of the National University of Ireland.

l

Irish Leaving Certificate, provided that the candidate has obtained passes in five approved subjects at the Higher (Honours) Level with not less than grade B in one of those subjects and not less than grade C in the remaining four (an individual subject passed at grades A–D at the Higher (Honours) Level is accepted as equivalent to a pass at not less than grade C at GCSE/GCE O level).

l

Irish Auctioneers and Valuers Institute, Membership having passed all the required examinations.

l

Limerick Vocational Education Committee (formerly Limerick Senior College) Diploma in Economic Science.

l

National Council for Educational Awards (NCEA), National Diploma.

l

Israel Bagrut, provided that a mark of at least 6 is achieved in at least seven subjects, at least two of which should have been taken in five units.

l

Mechina. l

Italy Diploma di Maturita. l

Diploma di Esame di Stato, in and after 1999. l

Kenya Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education grades C+ or above.

l

Kenya Advanced Certificate of Education (KACE), provided that three subjects have been passed at Grade D or above.

l

Higher Diploma of a Polytechnic. l

One or two years’ successful completion of a degree from either a public university or a recognised private university.

l

O A S G

Kenya (continued)

Certified Public Accountants (CPA), having successfully completed all three parts of the examinations of the Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board (KASNEB).

l

Certified Public Secretaries (CPS), having successfully completed all three parts of the examinations of the Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board (KASNEB).

l

Luxembourg Diplome de Fin d’Études Secondaires. l

Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of

Matura. l

Malawi Malawi Certificate of Education grades 1–4. l

Malaysia Federation of Malaysia School Certificate Examination. l

Malaysia Certificate of Education/Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (in and after 1978) grades 1–6 [Note: no recognition is given to 322 or 122 English Language Communicational.]

l

Malaysia Higher School Certificate/Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (grades A–E in Kertas Am).

l

Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary Schools System Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) grade B6 or above.

l

Joint Examination for the Higher School Certificate and Advanced Level General Certificate of Education in Malaysia and Singapore [Note: a pass in English Usage at the subsidiary level is recognised as equivalent to a grade C at GCSE/GCE O level English Language.]

l

Malaysia Higher School Certificate/Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (except Kertas Am) Grades A-E in the former marking scheme.

l

Malaysia Higher School Certificate/Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (except Kertas Am) Grades A-C from 2003 in the new marking scheme.

l

Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) offered by the Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary Schools System providing that 5 acceptable subjects are passed at Credit (or B) or better, together with at least 3 non-overlapping subjects awarded with grades 1 to 6 in the SPM, satisfies the entrance requirements for the LLB degree only.

l

A diploma awarded by one of the following institutions, provided that it is at least two years full time or four years part time: a university or polytechnic that is acceptable to the University of London; Tunku Abdul Rahman College.

l

HELP University College Foundation course in Economics and Management Part I (also satisfies the course requirement of a GCSE/GCE O Level in a mathematical subject) for the degrees in Economics, Management,Finance and the Social Sciences only.

✔ l

HELP University College Diploma in Business (also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O level in a mathematical subject) for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only, normally on condition that the student reached the age of 18 years by 31 December in the year in which they register for the UOL programme.

✔ l

HELP University College Foundation in Arts (also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O level in a mathematical subject) for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only, on condition that the student has a) taken two economics electives and, normally, b) reached the age of 18 years by 31 December in the year in which they register for the UOL programme.

✔ l

HELP University College Foundation in Science (also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O level in a mathematical subject) for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only, on condition that the student has a) taken three science units as electives (biology, chemistry and physics) and, normally, b) reached the age of 18 years by 31 December in the year in which they register for the UOL programme.

✔ l


O A S G

Malaysia (continued)

Institut Perkim Goon Certificate in Business Administration, provided the following conditions have been met: (1) both English Language and Mathematics were passed at SPM; (2) normally that the student is at least 19 years of age on 1 August in the year that the Certificate was awarded; (3) that at least grade C was obtained in all units.

l

Inti College, Sarawak – the Foundation Programme in Business satisfies the general entrance requirements and the GCSE/GCE O level at Grade C in Mathematics course requirement (but not the Test of Proficiency in English) for the BSc degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only, provided the following conditions are also satisfied: a) students must have passed all the compulsory units and the requisite number of elective units of the Foundation programme and b) normally students must have attained the age of 18 years before 1 September in the year in which they register.

l

Kemayan ATC-Certificate in Business Studies satisfies both the general entrance and Mathematics course requirement for the BSc EMFSS degrees on condition, normally, the student is at least 18 years of age by 31 December in the year they register as an External student; they have 5 or more passes at SPM including Mathematics and English and have successfully completed the Certificate with passes in the following units: Introduction to Accounting, Basic Financial Accounting, Introduction to Micro-economics, Introduction to Macro-economics.

l

A Diploma awarded by MARA Institute of Technology. l

Malaysian Institute of Management, Diploma in Management.

l

Rima College Diploma in Law stage 1, provided that at least 50% is achieved in each of the four subjects and, normally, that the applicant is at least 19 years old on 1 August in the year in which Stage 1 is obtained.

l

Sepang Institute of Technology: Degree Foundation Studies Programme, provided that the following conditions are met: (1) normally the student must be at least 18 years old before 31 December in the year that he/she applies to register as an External Student; (2) must have 5 or more passes at SPM, which include a Credit in both Mathematics and English; (3) must have successfully completed the Diploma Foundation Programme with a GPA of 2.00 or better in each of the following subjects: Foundation Economics, Foundation Mathematics and Foundation Statistics (also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O Level in a mathematical subject for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only).

✔ l

Tunku Abdul Rahman College (TAR) Diploma in Business (Business Economics) – (also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O level in a mathematical subject) for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences only, normally on condition that the student reached the age of 18 years by 31 December in the year in which they register for the UOL programme.

✔ l

Malta MATSEC Secondary Education Certificate, grades 1–4 on a subject for subject basis.

l

Advanced Matriculation or Matriculation Certificate: A pass at Grades A to C in a single Advanced subject of the Matriculation Certificate.

l

Matriculation Certificate module in Pure Mathematics passed at Intermediate level satisfies the course requirements for entry to BSc CIS.

✔

Matriculation certificate (from 1997). l

Morocco Baccalaureat, provided that a grade of at least Bien is achieved.

l

Netherlands Diploma Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Ouderwijs (VWO).

l

HBS. l

New Zealand New Zealand Department of Education School Certificate (subjects passed at 50% or above).

l

New Zealand Bursary A or B. l

Nigeria Nigerian Senior School Certificate awarded by WAEC (West African Examinations Council). (Grades 1–6).

l

O A S G

Nigeria(continued)

Higher Diplomas awarded by universities acceptable to the University of London, provided that the study programme was at least two years full time.

l

Norway Examen Artium. l

Vitnemal fra den Videeregaende Skola. l

Pakistan Higher Secondary Certificate or Intermediate, subjects passed at 60% or better (with the exception of English Language).

l

Poland Matura. l

Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci. l

Portugal Certidão do Decimo Segundo Ano or Certidão do Ensino Secondario provided that an overall average of at least 14 (bom) has been achieved.

l

Romania Diploma de Bacalaureat. l

Saudi Arabia Tawjihiyah (General Secondary Education Certificate), on a subject for subject basis (with the exception of English Language), provided that a mark of 60% or more is obtained.

l

Serbia and Montenegro

Matura. l

Singapore Singapore/Cambridge General Certificate of Education (in and after 1971) grades 1–6.

l

Joint Examination for the Higher School Certificate and Advanced level General Certificate of Education in Malaysia and Singapore [Note: a pass in English Usage at the subsidiary level is recognised as equivalent to a grade C at GCSE/GCE O level English Language.]

l

Singapore/Cambridge Advanced level General Certificate of Education (in and after 1975)[Note: Management of Business is accepted as a pass at GCE A level only if awarded in or after 1987 Passes obtained before 1987 are accepted as equivalent to GCSE/GCE O level].

l

Diploma, Professional Diploma or Technical Diploma awarded by one of the following institutions, provided that it is at least two years full time or four years part time: Nanyang Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore Polytechnic or Temasek Polytechnic.

l

Nanyang Polytechnic: the following Diplomas satisfy the entrance requirements (including the GCE AS level in Mathematics course requirement) for BSc Computing and Information Systems: Electronics, Computer and Control Engineering; Electronics, Computer and Communications Engineering; Electronics and Computer Engineering; Manufacturing Engineering; Mechatronics Engineering; Multimedia and Infocomm Technology; Multimedia System Engineering.

l

FTMS Business School, Diploma in Business Administration Foundation Stage ✔ also satisfies the course requirement of GCSE/GCE O Level mathematics for the degrees in EMFSS (normally on condition the student has reached the age of 18 years by 31 December in the year in which they register as an External student).

✔ l

Ngee Ann Polytechnic: both the Advanced Diploma in Computer and Communications Systems and the following Diplomas satisfy the entrance requirements (including the GCE AS level in Mathematics course requirement) for BSc Computing and Information Systems: Diploma in Building Services Engineering; Civil and Environmental Engineering; Electronic and Telecomm Engineering; QA Engineering.

l

Singapore Polytechnic: the following Diplomas satisfy the entrance requirements (including the GCE AS level in Mathematics course requirement) for BSc Computing and Information Systems: Civil and Structural Engineering; Computer & Network Technology; Instrumentation and Control Engineering; Materials Engineering; Mechatronics.

l


O A S G

Singapore (continued)

Temasek Polytechnic: the following Diplomas satisfy the entrance requirements (including the GCE AS level in Mathematics course requirement) for BSc Computing and Information Systems: Computer Engineering; Intelligent Building Technology; Mechatronics; Microelectronics; Quality Engineering; Quality Engineering and Management; Telecommunications.

l

A diploma awarded by one of the following institutions, provided that it is at least two years full time or four years part time: the French–Singapore Institute of Electro-Technology; the German–Singapore Institute of Production Technology; the Japanese – Singapore Institute of Software Technology.

l

Comsertrac Higher Diploma in Computer Studies (BSc CIS only).

l

A teaching certificate awarded by the Institute of Education, provided that it is at least two years full time.

l

Ong Teng Cheong Institute of Labour Studies/Singapore Institute of Management Diploma in Employment Relations.

l

PSB Academy Advanced Diplomas in Business Studies, Marketing and Sales Management, Quality Management, Human Resource Management and in Commerce.

l

PSB Academy Diplomas in Business Efficiency and Productivity, Business Administration, Management Accounting and Finance and in Human Resource Management providing, normally, that for all diplomas the student is at least 19 years old on 1 August in the year they obtain the diploma and that they obtain an average of not less than C (60%) overall.

l

PSB Academy Bridging Course in Mathematics: satisfies the requirement for a GCSE/O Level in a Mathematical subject only for the degrees in Economics, Finance and Social Sciences (and for the Access route to these degrees).

✔

Singapore Institute of Banking and Finance, Diploma in Banking and Finance.

l

Singapore Institute of Labour Studies, Diploma in Industrial Relations.

l

Singapore Institute of Labour Studies/Singapore Institute of Management (SILS/SIM) Diploma in Employment Relations.

l

Singapore Institute of Management, Bridging course in Mathematics: ✔ satisfies the requirement of a GCSE/GCE O Level in a mathematical subject only for the Diploma in CIS and degrees in Economics, Management Finance and the Social Sciences (and for the Access route to these degrees).

✔

Singapore Institute of Management, Bridging Course in Mathematics passed at 50% or over, satisfies the GCE AS level in Mathematics course requirement for BSc Computing and Information Systems ✔= AS level only

✔

Singapore Institute of Management, Diploma in Business Management.

l

Singapore Institute of Management, Diploma in Human Resource Development.

l

Singapore Institute of Management, Diploma in Management Practice, provided the applicant is at least 19 years on 1 August in the year in which the diploma is awarded.

l

Singapore Institute of Management, Diploma in Management Studies.

l

Singapore Society of Accountants, Membership, having passed all final examinations.

l

Stansfield School of Business, Bridging course in Mathematics: ✔ satisfies the requirement of a GCSE/GCE O Level in a mathematical subject only for the degrees in Economics, Management Finance and the Social Sciences (and for the Access route to these degrees).

✔

Stansfield School of Business Bridging Course in Mathematics passed at 50% or over satisfies the GCE AS level in a mathematical subject course requirement for BSc CIS only (✔= AS only)

✔

TMC Computer School, Higher Diploma in Computer Studies (BSc CIS only).

l

O A S G

Slovakia Maturita. l

Maturitna Skuska. l

Slovenia Matura. l

Secondary School Leaving Diploma. l

South Africa Senior Certificate at Higher Grade, grades A–E. l

Senior Certificate at Standard Grade, grades A–D. l

The South African National Diploma. l

Senior Certificate (with matriculation endorsement) and at least BBBCC at higher grade.

l

Southern African Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Associate Member.

l

Spain Curso de Orientación Universitaria (COU), provided that an average mark of at least 6 is achieved.

l

Selectividad, provided that an average mark of at least 6 is achieved.

l

Bachillerato (LOGSE), provided that an average of 6 is obtained.

l

Enseñanzas de Bachillerato, provided that an overall average of B is obtained.

l

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) Ordinary level General Certificate of Education credit and distinction only.

l

Sri Lankan A level syllabus in Applied Mathematics or Pure Mathematics passed at grade C or above.

l

Sri Lankan A level syllabus in a mathematical subject at ‘S’ level (for BSc CIS only) ✔= AS level only

✔

Passes in three approved subjects in the Sri Lankan A level Examination provided not less than grade C is achieved in all three subjects. In addition, applicants must possess one GCE O level pass at grade C or above, or the equivalent.

l

Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Associate and Graduate Members (by examination).

l

Sweden Fullständigt Slutbetyg från Gymnasium. l

Switzerland Attestato de Maturita. l

Certificat de Maturité. l

Maturitatzeugnis. l

Syria General Secondary Education Certificate, on a subject for subject basis (with the exception of English Language) provided that a mark of 60% or more has been obtained.

l

Tanzania Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education – principal passes at Grades A–D on a subject for subject basis.

l

Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE)/Tanzanian O Level, if passed with grades A-B.

l

Tunisia Baccalaureat, provided that a grade of at least Bien is achieved.

l

Uganda Certificate of Education of the Uganda National Examinations Council grades 1–4.

l

Advanced Certificate of Education of the Uganda National Examinations Board grade E.

l

Advanced Certificate of Education of the Uganda National Examinations Board grades A–D.

l

United Kingdom

Scottish Certificate of Education Standard grade: Grades 1, 2, 3.

l

Scottish Certificate of Sixth Year Studies (CSYS), or Advanced Higher, in combination with a Higher grade pass in the same subject.

l

Scottish Certificate of Education, provided that passes in five approved subjects at the Higher Level have been obtained with not less than grade B in one of those subjects and not less than grade C in the remaining four.

l

The following University of London Intermediate Certificates:

School of Oriental and African Studies Intermediate Certificate in Comparative International Studies, provided that in every case the compulsory module in Intensive English for Academic Study has been passed.

l


O A S G

United Kingdom (continued)

UCL University Preparatory Certificate for Science and Engineering.

l

The following University of London qualifications:

Diploma in Computing and Information Systems for External students.

l

Diploma in Law for External students. l

Diploma in English for External students. l

Diploma in Geography for External students. l

Diploma in Philosophy for External students. l

Diploma in Theology for External students. l

Diploma in Economics for External students. l

Diploma in Economics for External students, provided either Mathematics or Quantitative methods has been passed (satisfies the GCE AS level in a mathematical subject for the BSc in Computing and Information Systems only).

l

Birkbeck College Faculty of Continuing Education Certificate or Diploma (other than a Certificate of Proficiency) provided that, in all cases except the Extra-Mural Diploma in Economics, the candidate is at least 21 years old at the time of making the application.

l

Goldsmiths College, Certificate in English and Caribbean Studies (satisfies the entrance requirements for the Diploma in English only).

l

King’s College, Preparatory Diploma in English Language and Academic Studies.

l

Royal Holloway, University Foundation Programme. l

The following awards of other universities or organisations:

A Certificate or Diploma awarded by a recognised institution of Higher Education in the UK after a course of study of not less than two years full time.

l

A degree conferred either by a University acceptable to the University of London or by the Council for National Academic Awards.

l

A Diploma of Higher Education awarded by either a University in the United Kingdom or the Council for National Academic Awards.

l

An Access to HE Certificate awarded by an Authorised Validating Agency (AVA) recognised by the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA).

l

A Teacher’s Certificate gained in or after 1962 at a College of Education in England or Wales, after a three- year course of study, or gained in or after 1950 at a College of Education in Scotland or Northern Ireland, after a three-year course of study.

l

Bellerbys College Foundation Business Programme, passed overall and with a pass in Business Mathematics, will satisfy the entrance requirements and the mathematics course requirement for degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and Social Studies providing that at least 60% is awarded in both Economics 1 and in Business Studies 1 together with at least 55% in Business Studies 2, Economics 2 and Introduction to Financial Accounting (Accounts)Applicants are also required to satisfy the University requirement to demonstrate Proficiency in English.

l

University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, Cambridge Diploma in Religious Studies.

l

Higher Introductory and Engineering Conversion Course (HITECC), with a pass at Higher Level.

l

Northern Consortium UK International Foundation Year (China syllabus) awarded in and after June 2004, satisfies the General Entrance Requirements providing that at least 200 IFY points have been obtained and that the module English for Academic Purposes is passed with at least grade C. In order to satisfy a requirement for GCSE/O Level Mathematics at least one Mathematics unit must be passed with grade C or better. Either the Mathematics unit in the Science & Technology route, if passed at grade C or better, or the Mathematics unit in the Business and Management route, if passed with grade B or better, will satisfy a requirement for AS Mathematics for entry to BSc CIS. ✔= AS level only

l ✔ l

O A S G

United Kingdom(continued)

Open University, two full credits gained by course work and examination, one at Foundation Level and one at a Higher Level (mature age candidates may apply on the basis of one full credit at any Level).

l

University of Wales College of Cardiff, Continuing Education Diplomas, provided that the applicant is at least 21 years old at the time of making the application.

l

University of Westminster (Polytechnic of Central London), Diploma in Magisterial Law, provided that the applicant is at least 21 years old at the time of making the application.

l

The following awards of the Business and Technician Education Council (BTEC):

Advanced General National Vocational Qualification (Advanced GNVQ), passed at Merit or Distinction.

l

BTEC Business awards, provided that the candidate has obtained a minimum of two Bs and a C in three acceptable subjects in the final examinations.

l

Higher National Certificate or Higher National Diploma (HNC or HND).

l

National Certificate or National Diploma (NC or ND), provided that the candidate has achieved passes at Merit level in at least three full units in acceptable subjects.

l

Ordinary National Certificate or Ordinary National Diploma (ONC or OND), provided that the average performance in at least three of the subjects taken in thefinal examination is 60% or better and that these subjects are considered acceptable by the University.

l

BTEC Technician awards, provided that passes have been obtained in three full units in acceptable subjects at Level III; at least two of the passes must have been obtained with Merit.

l

The following professional qualifications:

Architectural Association Diploma. l

Barristers of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

l

British Institute of Management, Diploma in Management Practice, provided that candidates with this qualification also hold the Open University Diploma in Management.

l

Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work (CCETSW); Certificate of Qualification in Social Work; Diploma in Social Work.

l

Chartered Association of Certified Accountants, Associate Member.

l

Chartered Institute of Bankers, Associate Member. l

Chartered Institute of Building, Membership examination Part II.

l

Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, Associate Member.

l

Chartered Institute of Marketing Professional Diploma or Professional Postgraduate Diploma.

l

Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy, Member.

l

Chartered Institute of Transport, Corporate Member (FCIT or MCIT).

l

Chartered Insurance Institute, Associate Member. l

City and Guilds of London Institute, Graduateship, Membership and Fellowship.

l

College of Preceptors, Licentiate or Fellowship awarded by having passed all final examinations.

l

College of Radiographers, Diploma (DCR). l

Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors, Membership, having passed intermediate and final examinations.

l

Institute of Actuaries, Associate Member. l

Institute of Administrative Management, Diploma in Administrative Management (prior to 1995) and the Advanced Diploma in Administrative Management (in and after 1995).

l

Institute of Bankers, Ireland, Associate Member. l

Institute of Bankers, Scotland, Associate Member. l


O A S G

United Kingdom(continued)

Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Associate Member.

l

Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ireland, Associate Member.

l

Institute of Chartered Accountants, Scotland, Member.

l

Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, Associate and Graduate Member and Fellow.

l

Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers, Members and Fellows, having passed the qualifying examinations.

l

Institute of Credit Management, Member, having passed the final examinations.

l

Institute of Health Service Management (formally Institute of National Health Administration), Associate Member.

l

Institute of Housing, Corporate Member. l

Institute of Legal Executives, Member, having passed the Level 6 Professional Higher Diploma in Law (previously known as the Part II and Level 4 examinations).

l

Institute of Management Information Systems (formerly IDPM), Higher Diploma (satisfies the entrance requirements for BSc CIS only).

l

Institute of Personnel Management, Graduate Member.

l

Institute of Statisticians, Graduate Diploma. l

Institute of Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineers, Associate and Graduate Members.

l

Library Association, Chartered Member (Associate or Fellow).

l

Licensed Conveyancer, provided that all three examination stages have been passed.

l

Ministers of Religion trained in the UK (Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Roman Catholic, United Reform).

l

NCC Education International Diploma in Computer Studies (IDCS) (satisfies the entrance requirements for the Diploma in Computing and Information Systems, excluding the English language requirement).

l

NCC Education, International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies (IADCS) (satisfies the entrance requirement for BSc CIS only).

l

Pensions Management Institute, Associateship. l

Royal Institute of British Architects, Corporate Member.

l

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, Professional Associate.

l

Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Member. l

Society of Engineers, Corporate Member. l

Solicitors of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. l

USA Advanced Placement (AP) Examinations of the American College Board, provided that at least two full subjects are passed at grades 3, 4 or 5 (with the exception of Studio Art).

l

AP International Diploma. l

West Africa West African Ordinary level General Certificate of Education (grades 1–6).

l

Ghana Senior School Certificate (grades A, B and C). l

West African Higher School Certificate. l

West African Advanced level General Certificate [Note: a pass at grades A–C in the General Paper is recognised as equivalent to a grade C at GCSE/GCE O level].

l

West Indies Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (Grades I and II at General Proficiency level only, up to and including January 1998).

l

Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (Grades I and II and III at General Proficiency level only, in and after June 1998).

l

O A S G

West Indies(continued)

Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination Diploma (CAPE) – Full award of six units including two double-unit courses.

l

Bahamian General Certificate of Education, Ordinary levels.

l

Bahamian General Certificate of Education, Advanced levels.

l

Bahamas Bar Association, Membership, having passed all final examinations.

l

Barbados Community College: Certificate in Para Legal Studies, provided that at least two subjects are passed at grade B or above.

l

Barbados Community College, Associate degrees. l

Bermuda College, Associate degrees. l

A diploma awarded by the College of Arts, Science and Technology, Jamaica after a three year full time course.

l

College of the Bahamas: Associate degrees (although grades may be taken into account).

l

University of Technology, Jamaica: diplomas provided they are at least two years full time or four years part time.

l

The qualifications are listed by country and in accordance with the following key:

O is equivalent to GCSE/GCE O level

A (or AS) is equivalent to GCE A/AS level

S satisfies the entrance requirements for the degree/diploma named

G satisfies the general entrance requirements as a whole


The qualifi cations below are not acceptable as equivalent to GCSE/GCE ‘O’ Level (grade C) English Language but they are considered acceptable evidence of profi ciency in English provided they have been awarded within the past three years.n Advanced Placement

International English Language Examination (APIEL), when a score of 4 or 5 is achieved.

n Associated Examining Board (AEB) Test in English for Educational Purposes (TEEP) (when ‘Profi ciency’ level (4) is achieved in each of the listening, reading and writing components).

n Cambridge Certifi cate of Advanced English.

n City & Guilds International ESOL 8984 Mastery award.

n Hong Kong Examinations Authority AS ‘Use of English’.

n International English Language Testing System (IELTS) when an overall score of at least 6 is achieved with a minimum of 5.5 in each sub-test.

n International General Certifi cate of Secondary Education (IGCSE): English as a Second Language passed at grade C or above.

n Malaysian Certifi cate of Education/Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia English Language Communicational (122 or 322) grade 6 or better.

n Oxford Delegacy’s Higher Level Examination in English as a Foreign Language when taken with the ARELS examination in spoken English (a pass with credit or above must be achieved in the Oxford examination and a Good Pass or better in the ARELS test).

n Oxford International Business English Certifi cate (OIBEC).

n School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) Diploma in English for Academic Purposes (passed at grade C).

n A diploma awarded by any of the polytechnics in Singapore. (This satisfi es the English language requirement for the degrees in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences and the Access route to these degrees only).

n Test in English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) with a score of 580 (or 237 on the computerised test) plus the Test of Written English (TWE) with a score of 4.5 (or a Writing Rating of 4.5 in the computerised test).

n iBT Test of English as a Foreign Language (iBT TOEFL) score of 92 in total with at least 22 in both Reading and Writing Skills sub-tests and at least 20 in both Speaking and Listening sub-tests.

n University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) Business English Certifi cate Level 3 only (BEC 3 award).

Tests of profi ciency in EnglishThe following qualifi cations are equated with GCSE/GCE ‘O’ Level English Language grade C for the purposes of satisfying the entrance requirements.n Cambridge Certifi cate of

Profi ciency in Englishn Cambridge English Language

1119 (at grade 6 or better) conducted overseas by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.

n Hong Kong Examination Authority Advanced level Use of English (grade C or better).

n Hong Kong Certifi cate of Education English Language (Syllabus B) (at grade C or better).

n Hong Kong Certifi cate of Education Examination (HKCEE) English Language section from 2007 performance levels 5*, 5, 4 or 3.

n International General Certifi cate of Education (IGCSE): English as a Second Language, passed at grade B or above.

n NEAB (formerly JMB) University Entrance Test in English for Speakers of Other Languages.

n School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) Diploma in English for Academic Purposes (passed at grade A or B).

Hong Kong Certifi cate of Education


Other costsBesides the fees payable to the University, you should also budget for the cost of: n purchasing textbooks (this may well be in the region of £200 per year) n the cost of any course or tuition you choose to take or

(for the Diploma in Law) are required to take n the fee levied by your local examination centre to cover their costs.

Fees and contactsFinancial assistanceNo financial assistance is available from the University. Some employers in both the public and private sector may be willing to consider offering financial assistance to their employees. Students who are resident in the UK may be able to apply for a Part-time Student Grant or a Career Development Loan. Information can be obtained from the Department of Education and Skills (DIUS) Information Line on 0800 731 9133 or from their website: www.dfes.gov.uk/studentsupport (for Part-time Student Grants), and the CDL Information Line on 0800 585 505 or from their website: www.direct.gov.uk/adultlearning

Special needsStudents with special needs who are resident in the UK may also be able to apply for a Disabled Student Allowance (DSA). For a copy of the information leaflet (which answers most of the questions commonly asked about DSAs) please contact either your LEA or the DIUS Information Line on 0800 731 9133 or on textphone 0800 210 280. This information is also available on audio tape or in braille. The guide is available on the DIUS website: www.dfes.gov.uk/studentsupport

Armed forcesStudents who are members of the UK Armed Forces should note that the University of London has been approved by the Ministry of Defence in support of the Enhanced Learning Credits (ELC) Scheme (ELC Provider Reference Number 1284). The Scheme provides financial support to eligible Service personnel who wish to

enhance their educational or vocational achievements. The ELC Administration Service website can be found at: www.enhancedlearningcredits.co.uk

The Prisoners’ Education TrustStudents who are in prison in the UK may be able to obtain a grant to assist with funding. For information please write to: The Prisoners’ Education Trust, Wandle House, Riverside Drive, Mitcham, Surrey CR4 4BU.

Personal callersIf you are in London at any time you would be most welcome to visit our offices. Most of our offices are open between 9.00am and 5.30pm, Monday to Friday, but you are advised to telephone first to make an appointment to ensure that the person you want to see is available.

2008/9 2009/10

LLB and Diploma in the Common Law fees

Application handling fee £56 £60 (non-refundable)

Credit transfer/exemption £30 £33 application fee (per paper)

Full year's transfer fee £120 £129 (120 credits)

Registration fee £697 £746

Registration supplement – £25 Tort, Land, Trusts, Company (per subject) for supply of textbook

Continuing registration fee £285 £305

Examination fee £477 £511 (per Part or Year)

Final examination £661 £708 (Graduate Entry Route A)

Laws Skills Pathway 1 £220 £236 (Dissertation option)

Laws Skills Pathway 2 £150 £161 (Research project)

Diploma in Law fees Registration fee £697 £746


Examination fee £477 £511 (three or four papers)

Examination fee (two papers) £307 £329

Examination fee (one paper) £191 £205

Note: The above fees are those paid to the University and

do not include fees charged by the teaching institution.

Occasional student fees Application handling fee £56 £60

Registration fee £298 £319


Examination fee (each subject) £184 £197

Please note: the University reserves the right to amend previously announced fees, if necessary. Fees are usually increased in line with inflation each year on 1 September. The fees shown above for 2009-2010 are applicable from 1 September 2009 .All fees must be paid in pounds sterling, which may be paid either by a credit card recognised by Mastercard International or by the Visa group OR by banker’s draft, cheque or UK postal order, made payable to ‘The University of London’ and crossed ‘a/c payee’.

Fees payable to the University

Note: the credit transfer fee cannot be refunded, even if we are unable to award you any exemptions.

Other questionsIf you have any questions that are not answered by this prospectus or you would like information about any of the other qualifications listed on the back cover of this prospectus, please contact:

The Information CentreUniversity of London Stewart House 32 Russell SquareLondon WC1B 5DNUnited KingdomTel: +44 (0)20 7862 8360/ 8361/ 8362Fax: +44 (0)20 7862 8358Email: [email protected]

Please give your full postal address when contacting the Information Centre.


LLB Scheme A

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum three-year study period, without resits.

First yearApplication handling fee £60Initial registration fee £746Examination fee £511

Second yearContinuing registration fee £305Examination fee £511

Third yearContinuing registration fee £305Examination fee £511

TOTAL £2,949

LLB Scheme B

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum four-year study period, without resits.




Fourth yearContinuing registration fee £305Examination fee £511

TOTAL £3,765

Graduate Entry Route A

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum two-year study period, without resits.


Second yearContinuing registration fee £305Final examination fee £708

TOTAL £2,330

Graduate Entry Route B

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum three-year study period, without resits.




TOTAL £2,949

Diploma in Law

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum one-year study period, without resits.

First yearInitial registration fee £746Examination fee £511

TOTAL £1,257Please note: Diploma students must apply and pay tuition fees to the Diploma-teaching institution.

Diploma in the Common Law

The following example is based on a student who completes in the minimum one-year study period, without resits:


TOTAL £1,317

Examples of fees payable to the UniversityThese examples use the fees given for 2009-2010 and do not reflect year-on-year increases. Please see the previous page for a full list of fees.

Information for students with a disability and/or special needs

The aim of the panel is to ensure that a student with a disability is neither advantaged nor disadvantaged when compared with other students. If you have a disability and may need special examination arrangements (such as extra time or special aids), you should complete the relevant section of the application form or write to the Special Examinations Services Department at the address opposite enclosing medical or other supporting evidence:

Special Examinations Services DepartmentThe External SystemUniversity of LondonStewart House32 Russell SquareLondon WC1B 5DNUnited KingdomFax: +44 (0)20 7862 8349Email: [email protected]

You can request a copy of the University of London’s full disability statement. Please refer to the Admissions contact details on page 34, or download it from our website: www.londonexternal.ac.uk/dissn

While every eff ort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate at the date of publication (April 2009), all matters that it covers may be subject to change from time to time, both before and after a student has registered. In particular, information about the structure and content of programmes is subject to confi rmation in the Regulations and registered students should refer to these. All fees are subject to annual review. The University does not intend by publication or distribution of this prospectus to create any contractual or other legal relation with applicants, registered students, their advisers or any other persons. You are strongly advised to check our website (www.londonexternal.ac.uk) for any revisions to this prospectus. The University makes no distinction between awards gained by on-campus students in London and External graduates. However, we advise you to check local recognition criteria in your own country before applying for any qualifi cation listed in this prospectus. This prospectus is issued free by the External System, University of London.

Published by: University of London. Copyright © University of London, 2009.

The University has a panel that considers applications from students for special examination arrangements.


For further information on the range of programmes we off er, please visit our website or contact us at:

The Information Centre, University of London, Stewart House, 32 Russell Square, London WC1B 5DN United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)20 7862 8360/1/2Fax: +44 (0)20 7862 8358Email: [email protected]

www.londonexternal.ac.uk

All programmes off ered through the External System are designed by academics at the University of London’s constituent Colleges. Assessment is the responsibility of academics at these Colleges. Currently these include: Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, Heythrop College, Institute of Education, King’s College London, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, Royal Veterinary College, School of Oriental and African Studies, and UCL (University College London).

n Accountingn Agriculturen Businessn Computingn Development

n Earth Sciencesn Economicsn Educationn Environmentn Finance

n Healthn Humanitiesn Information Systemsn Languages

n Lawn Managementn Social Sciencesn Veterinary Science

We off er more than 100 degrees, diplomas and certifi cates in the following subject areas:

pospectus common law university of london

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