populations and ecosystems
DESCRIPTION
POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS. ORGANISM / INDIVIDUAL. Any living thing. ONE member of a species or population. EX: A deer, a rabbit, a bacteria, a tree, a flower, a mushroom, etc. POPULATION. A population is made up of all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS
ORGANISM / INDIVIDUAL
Any living thing.ONE member of a species or population.
EX: A deer, a rabbit, a bacteria, a tree, a flower, a mushroom, etc.
POPULATION
A population is made up of all the organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time.
EX: Bison living in the prairie, colony of fish, a pack of wolves, a grouping of trees
COMMUNITY
All of the different populations of all species LIVING in an ecosystem.
Only the populations living in an area, not the place where they live!
EX: Birds, deer, grass, trees, fungi, bacteria, ticks, all living together in the same area.
ECOSYSTEM
Consists of all the organisms living in an area, as well as the nonliving parts of that environment.
EX: Deer, birds, insects, grass, + the water, temperature, sunlight, soil, air quality, etc.
ABIOTIC
Nonliving things that effect living organisms.
EX: Sun, temperature, rainfall, soil
BIOTIC
Living organisms and products of living things.
BIOMESA biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups.The climate and geography of a region determines what type of biome exists.9 biomes Tundra, Deciduous Forest, Savanna, Taiga, Chaparral, Rainforest, Grasslands, Desert, Alpine.Each biome consists of many ecosystems.
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
WHAT IS A SPECIES?
A class or group of individuals having similar characteristics.
Used to classify organisms.
How are organisms classified?
The science of classifying all living things into seven major groups based on similarities of structure or origin
How are organisms classified? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species-
Animalia
ChordataMammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
Sapien
How do you remember the order?
As you go down the column, the defining characteristics of each subgroup become more and more similar.The members of a kingdom are more diverse, and the members of a species are more similar.
Group Name
Organism
Human Chimpanzee House Cat Lion Housefly
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Arthropoda
Class Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect
Order Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora
Carnivora
Family Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae
Genus Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
Species sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica
Scientific Name
Homo sapiens
Pan troglodytes
Felis domestica
Felis leo Musca domestica
If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same Kingdom, Phylum, and Class.
KingPhillip
Came Over
For Good
Supper
Monerans Ex: Bacteria (single celled, prokaryotic)Protista Ex: Amoeba (single celled, eukaryotic)Fungi Ex: Mushroom (multicellular, eukaryotic)Plantae Ex: Flowering Plants (multicellular,
eukaryotic)Animalia Ex: People, Elephants (multicellular,
eukaryotic)
Translates to “two-name name-calling”Every species has a generic (genus) and a specific name (species)Always in Latin
Carolus Linnaeus Known as father of taxonomy Made up the binomial system for naming organisms
Very similar to how people are named Genus is the surname (last name) Species is the personal name (first name)
Many organisms have more than one common nameMany different species have the same common name Ex: American Robin and
European Robin
Universal language understood around the world
Genus is always capital and species is always lower caseUnderline the whole nameExamples
Felis domesticus (house cat)Canis familiaris (common dog)Acer saccharum (maple tree)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/classifying-life.html
Abra cadabra (snail) La cucaracha (moth)Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo)Ba humbugi (snail)Balbaroo fangaroo (kangaroo)Chaos chaos (protozoan)
http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.htmlhttp://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html
For Example:Bart SimpsonSimpson BartSimpson bartSimpsonus barti
FemaleFemale MaleMale
GenusGenus -a or -es-a or -es -us-us
SpeciesSpecies -ae-ae -i-i
- a persons name
- last name first (genus)- first name is lower case (species)
-add proper endings and underlineNow write your name!
Group Name
Organism
Human Chimpanzee
House Cat
Lion Housefly
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal
Insect
Order Primates Primates Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family Hominidae
Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae
Genus Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca
Species sapiens troglodytes domestica
leo domestica
Scientific Name
Homo sapiens
Pan troglodytes
Felis domesti
ca
Felis leo Musca domestica
LINNAEUSSwedish botanist
Born in 1700Born in 1700’’ss Made up the binomial Made up the binomial system for naming organismssystem for naming organisms Known as father of taxonomyKnown as father of taxonomy
How are organisms classified?Kingdom- Phylum-
Class- Order-
Family- Genus-
Species-
Animalia
MammaliaPrimates
HominidaeHomo
sapiens
Chordata
Acronym to remember
Kings Play Cards On Fat Green StoolsKing Phillip came over for good supperMake up your own
Binomial NomenclatureTranslates to “two-name name-calling”
Every species has a generic (genus) Every species has a generic (genus) and specific name (species)and specific name (species)Always in LatinAlways in LatinVery similar to how people are named Very similar to how people are named
Genus is the surname (last name)Genus is the surname (last name)Species is the personal name (first name)Species is the personal name (first name)
Why use Scientific Names?Many organisms have more than one common name
Many different species Many different species have the same common have the same common namesnames
American Robin and the American Robin and the European RobinEuropean Robin
Universally understood Universally understood throughout the worldthroughout the world
How does it work?
Genus is always capital and species is always lower case
Examples of scientific names:Examples of scientific names:Felis domesticus (house cat)Felis domesticus (house cat)Canis familiarisCanis familiaris (common dog)(common dog)Acer saccharumAcer saccharum (maple tree)(maple tree)Satter kari Satter kari
Weird Scientific Names
Abra cadabra (snail)LaLa cucarachacucaracha (moth) (moth) Wakiewakie Wakiewakie (rat kangaroo)(rat kangaroo)BaBa humbugihumbugi (snail) (snail)BalbarooBalbaroo fangaroofangaroo (kangaroo) (kangaroo)ChaosChaos chaoschaos (protozoan) (protozoan)http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.htmlhttp://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~insrisg/nature/nw98/names.html
How to “latinize” your name
Female Male
Genus -a or -es -us
Species -ae -iFor example:
Bart Simpson -a person’s nameSimpson Bart - last name (genus) firstSimpson bart -first name is lower case (species)Simpsonus barti -add male endings to genus
and species
TAXONOMYpages 8 and 9
Science of classifying all living things into seven major categories
Which group on the chart do you think has the most organisms in it?
Kingdom
What are the five kingdoms?
MoneransProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia
1. What do all animals have in common?
HeterotrophicEukaryoticMulticellular
What four organisms are put in the same first three levels?
HumanChimpHouse catLion
3. What do you notice about the characteristics of the groups as you move down the Animalia kingdom?
They become more similar
3. Compare the characteristics of a kingdom verses a species. What do you notice?
Kingdom is more diverseSpecies is more similar
Are the cat and housefly the same species?
NO, because the groups above them don’t all match.Species is like a first name it means little unless the last name (genus) is with it.
4. If two organisms are in the same Order, they must be in the same…
KingdomPhylumClass
5. Every organism is given a scientific name that consists of what?
GenusSpeciesWhich one is always capitalized?Which one is always lower case?
7. Which two organisms are most closely related on the chart? WHY
Cat and lionThey are the same in 6 of the 7 levels of classification.
7. A human is most closely related to what organism on the chart? WHY
ChimpThey are the same in 4 of the 7 levels of classification.