Draw an ecosystem

Ecosystems and Populations

Closed system = no mass lost or gained

vocab

Earth: the biggest ecosystem. (considered a closed system)Ecosystem: ecological system encompassing a community and all the physical aspects of its habitat.

Factors in an ecosystemBiotic factors: living things (trees, animals insects)

Abiotic factors: non-living things. (rocks, air, water)

Soil: the unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Communities:

Population: a localized group of individuals that belong to the same species that are capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring.Ex:

Community: all the organisms that inhabit a particular area (groups of different species living close enough together for potential interaction).Ex:

Resource: something that is used by a living organism. (sun, light, food, water, shelter)Ex:Competition: ecological interaction between two or more species that use the same scarce resource.Ex:

Niche: the functional role of a species in an ecosystem.Ex:Dispersion: pattern of distribution of organisms in a population.

Food web and energy, and competition

Energy Flow Through a Marine Ecosystem

Energy Flow Through and Aquatic Ecosystem

What are invasive species, and how do they impact the ecosystem?

Zebra mussels

Invasive Species

Competition

They suck

Humans are stupid, and lazy

Scare them, then educate them

Human and the Food Web

What are other human impacts on ecosystems?

PollutionClimate changeRecreationOveruseResource Exploitation

Population studies

Population density: in a population, the number of individuals Too big= not enough resourcesToo small=not enough mating partners

Population model: hypothetical population that attempts to exhibit the key characteristics of a real population.

Exponential growth rate: J-shaped curve showing the rapid increase in a fast (exponentially) growing population.

Carrying capacity: population size that an environment can sustain.

Growth Patterns

Rapidly growing populations (r-strategists)Slowly growing populations(k-strategists)

R Strategists

Rapidly growing populations (r-strategists): species characterized by rapid growth, high fertility, short life span, reproduction early in life, and exponential growth.Ex: small plants and grasses, bacteria, weeds, insects, rats

K strategists

Slowly growing populations (k strategists): species characterized by slow growth and maturation few young, slow population growth, reproduction later in life.Ex: humans, other monkeys, elephants, dolphins, whales, sharks.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Ext: describe the Hardy-Weinberg Principle as it applies to how populations change over time. Formula: P2+P2Q+ Q2= 1

Things to consider: Genetic drift, mutations, gene flow, natural selection

Symbiosis

1. Predation

Predation

Parasitism

Mutualism

Commensalism

These are all examples of….

Co-evolution

Symbiosis• Predation-One Organism

feeds off another• Parasitism-One organism

feeds off another but takes along time to kill them.

• Commensalism-One organism gains and the other does not care.

• Mutualism-Both organisms gain from the relationship

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPge_0lea3o

• www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fmx24FbZoM

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcQ5_zaJob0

• www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbExPtTEBYM

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8g1BU29WVg

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkU2GS9Tw18&playnext=1&list=PL6380A3CFD04A90C0&feature=results_video

Trophic Levels

Energy Flow Through a Marine Ecosystem

Energy Flow Through and Aquatic Ecosystem

Human and the Food Web

Invasive Species

Success(ion)!!!

Succession: Progression of species replacement.Two types of succession:1. Primary succession2. Secondary successionWhat’s the difference?

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Secondary Succession

Secondary Succession

Succession: Case Study #1-Mount St. Helens

Mt. St. Helens

SuccessionCase Study #2:Yellowstone National ParkDuring the Summer of 1988 several fires destroyed 1.2 million acres (36%) Yellowstone National Park and killed 345 elk, 36 deer, 12 moose, 9 bison, and 6 black bears along with countless trees, shrubs, bushes, and grasses.

Scientistis and park-goers were terrified, saddened, curious, and then enlightened.

On September 13, 1988 the Arnica fire ignited. This time, it was allowed to burn.Why?

The Water Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

Biological Communities7 Major biomes:TundraTaigaTemperate grasslandsTemperate Deciduous forestsSavannasDesertsTropical Rain Forests

The Water Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

The Nitrogen Cycle

Biological Communities7 Major biomes:TundraTaigaTemperate grasslandsTemperate Deciduous forestsSavannasDesertsTropical Rain Forests

1. Tundra

2. Taiga

2. Taiga

3. Temperate Grasslands

4. Temperate Deciduous Forest

5. Savannas

6. Desert

7. Tropical Rain Forest