population employment & man power development

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Definition :

A group of individual persons, objects, @ itemsfrom which samples are taken for statisticalmeasurement.

Population


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Census 2010

The 2010 Population and Housing Census ofMalaysia (Census 2010) was the fifth decennial

census to be conducted since the formation ofMalaysia in 1963. The previous censuses wereconducted in 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000. Census is anenormous statistical project that has been undertaken

in order to produce very useful data for planningand implementation of national development.


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Census 2010 revealed that the total population of

Malaysia was 28.3 million, compared with 23.3 million in

2000 (Chart 1). This gives an average annual populationgrowth rate of 2.0 per cent for the period 2000-2010. Therate was lower compared to that of 2.6 per cent during1991-2000 (Chart 2). The state with the highest growthrate for the period 2000-2010 was Putrajaya (17.8%),

followed by Selangor (2.7%), Melaka (2.6%) and Sabah(2.1%). Among the states which experienced lowergrowth rate were Terengganu (1.4%), Perak (1.4%),Labuan (1.3%) and Perlis (1.2%).


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Population distribution by state indicated that

Selangor was the most populous state (5.46 million),

followed by Johor (3.35 million) and Sabah (3.21million). The population share of these states to thetotal population of Malaysia was 42.4 per cent. Theleast populated states were Putrajaya (72,413) and

Labuan (86,908).

Population distribution


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Ethnic composition

The total population was 28.3 million of which 91.8per cent were Malaysian citizens and 8.2 per cent

were non-citizens. Malaysian citizens consist of theethnic groups Bumiputera (67.4%), Chinese (24.6%),Indians (7.3%) and Others (0.7%).

Among the Malaysian citizens, the Malays was thepredominant ethnic group in Peninsular Malaysia

which constituted 63.1 per cent. The Ibansconstituted 30.3 per cent of the total citizens inSarawak while Kadazan Dusun made up 24.5 percent in Sabah.


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The proportion of the population of Malaysia below the

age of 15 years decreased to 27.6 per cent compared with33.3 per cent in 2000. In contrast, the proportion ofworking age population (15 to 64 years) increased to 67.3per cent from 62.8 per cent. The proportion of populationaged 65 years and over also increased to 5.1 per cent ascompared with 3.9 per cent in 2000. Consequently, themedian age increased from 23.6 years in 2000 to 26.2 years

in 2010, while the dependency ratio dropped from 59.2per cent to 48.5 per cent. The trend of these indicators is inline with the transition of age structure towards agingpopulation of Malaysia.

Age


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Men outnumbered women with the sex ratio of 106

(Chart 9). Similar pattern was observed in year 2000

(104). The ratio of males to females was relativelyhigh for Pahang (113), Johor (112), Negeri Sembilan(107), Sabah (107), Selangor (107), Labuan (107) andSarawak (106). On the other hand, men were

outnumbered by women in Putrajaya (89) and Perlis(97) as shown in Chart 10.

Sex ratio


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Islam was the most widely professed religion in

Malaysia with the proportion of 61.3 per cent. As a

multi-racial nation, other religions embraced wereBuddhism (19.3%), Christianity (9.2%) andHinduism (6.8%).

Religion


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Measure the average no. of live birth per 1000 for all

women between the age 15-44.

No. of children a woman bears during reproductiveage.

Fertility determined by factors such as :

1. Demographic, economic & social factors,

2. The sex distribution of the population,

3. The age distribution of the population,

4. Marriage patterns.

Fertility Rate


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Measured by the crude death rate which relates to

the no. of death occur in any year for every 1000 of

the population of the same year.

Natural Rate


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No. of birth > No. of death

Population increase resulting from natural factorsmay due to net immigration @ reduced by netemigration.

Natural Increases


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1. Fertility Rates

The lower growth in population was due to the

decline in overall fertility which resulted in smallerfamily size.

The declines is caused by :

a. Higher educational level of the population

b. Increases urbanizationc. Delayed standard of living

d. Decline in marital fertility rates of all major ethnicgroup in the country.

Fertility rates


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Different cultural & religious among the various

ethnic group cause the wide difference in the ethnic

fertility rates.

Ethnic Fertility Rate


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Indicator 1995 2001

Life expectancy at birth(in years)

Male 69.4 69.9

Female 74.2 74.9

Crude Birth Rate(Per 1000)

25.9 24.4

Crude Death Rate( Per 1000)

4.6 4.4

Infant Mortality Rate( Per 1000)

10.4 7.8

Mortality Rates & Life

Expectancy


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Labor Force In Malaysia


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Definition :

The total labor force, that is, those persons aged 15 -

64 who are both employed as well as unemployed.

Labor Force


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Statistic of Labor Force

2000-2011

Country 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Malaysia 9,300 9,600 9,900 9,900 10,260 10,490 10,670 10,730 10,940 11,090 11,380 12,200

Notes : (000 peoples)Source : www.indexmundi.com


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source : www.indexmundi.com


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Definition :

Those who are in the working age group & currently

employed.

Employment


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Definition :

A situation where someone of working age is not

able to get job but would like to be in full timeemployment.

Unemployment rate =

Unemployment

Unemployment

Total Labor Force


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The unemployment rate in Malaysia was last

reported at 3 percent in May of 2011. From 1998 until2010, Malaysia's Unemployment Rate averaged 3.43percent reaching an historical high of 4.50 percent inMarch of 1999 and a record low of 2.90 percent inMarch of 1998. The labor force is defined as thenumber of people employed plus the number

unemployed but seeking work. The non labor forceincludes those who are not looking for work, thosewho are institutionalized and those serving in themilitary.

Malaysia Unemployment Rate


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Definition :

The development of plans of action to meet the

manpower requirement of a nation in anticipation ofthe changing condition of the social, economic,industrial & business environment.

Objective :

To effectively utilize scarce of abundant humanresources towards achieving both broad & specificobjectives of the nation as well as the industry,business & the individual employee.

Human Resource Development


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The thrust of human resource development under

the New Development Policy (NDP) will be to meet

the objectives of growth and equity. Economic growth in a fast changing global

environment requires increased use of knowledgeand skills of the labor force.

Greater emphasis will be placed on the developmentof educated, well-trained and flexible manpower tobuild upon present growth trends and productivitygains in the economy.

The thrust of HR Development


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The creation of increased employment opportunities

and higher value-added activities are essential forthe eradication of poverty and the restructuring of

society.

The noticeable increase in the number of Bumiputeraemployed in the professional and technicaloccupational category was mainly due to the large

number of Bumiputera employed in the professionaland technical occupational category was mainly dueto the large number of Bumiputera in the nursingand teaching professions.


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Attention will be given to develop rural labor to

enable them to enter the labor market that isbecoming more sophisticated and technologicallyoriented.

The rural labor force, who are predominantlyBumiputera, should shift from low productivetraditional activities to high value-added modern

sector activities. Improved access to better educational facilities,

labor market information and new skills, as well as astrong spirit of labor force in the economic growth ofthe country.


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The Objectives :

1. To expand productive employment at a rate

sufficient to reduce prevailing levels ofemployment.

2. To achieve full employment.

3. To increase labor productivity & income particularly

for workers in low productivity & low incomepopulation.

Labor Market Policy


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Implementation of labor intensive programs such as

construction of low cost housing & highway

Making more agricultural land available forcultivation. For example, conversion of ex-mining foragricultural purpose.

Generating more opportunities for self employment

such as small business especially in urban area.

Overcome Of The Effect Of The

Recession On Unemployment


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There are 3 categories of foreign workers :

1. Non-citizen with red identity cards who have stayed

in Malaysia for a long time & have valid workingpermits.

2. Non-citizen with international passport & are givenvalid working permits by the immigration

department.3. Foreign workers who entered Malaysia illegally.

Foreign Workers


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JUMLAH/ Total % JUMLAH/ Total % JUMLAH/ Total % JUMLAH/ Total % JUMLAH/ Total %

1,024,363 69.7 1,211,584 66.7 1,174,013 62.8 1,148,050 56.1 1,085,658 52.6

54,929 3.7 55,364 3.0 62,669 3.4 217,238 10.6 316,401 15.3

5,463 0.4 5,751 0.3 13,811 0.7 18,456 0.9 21,065 1.0

16,663 1.1 21,735 1.2 24,088 1.3 23,283 1.1 26,713 1.3

1,156 0.1 13,297 0.7 11,551 0.6 16,511 0.8 21,278 1.0

367,516 25.0 507,507 28.0 583,077 31.2 621,267 30.4 591,481 28.7

1,470,090 100 1,815,238 100 1,869,209 100 2,044,805 100 2,062,596 100.0

20072006 200820052004

SUMBER: KEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs


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Goal of 70 million population have been

recommended by the Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad.

This recommendation was subsequently describedand presented once again by his speech in thecurrent study presents the Fourth Malaysia PlanMid-Term on the 29th March 1984.

Population expected to reach this goal within 115 to120 years.

Population Policy


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Larger domestic market

Increase the supply of skilled workers

Utilize countrys abundant natural resources

Strengthen countrys security

Advantages Of 70 Million

Population Policy

bl f ll


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Food shortage

Providing enough health facilities

Social problems

Providing adequate infrastructure & public utilities

Environmental problems

Problems Of 70 Million

Population Policy


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Fertility years Total populationrate

Growth(million)

1990 3.6 17.62000 3.5 22.3

2010 3.3 27.7

2020 3.1 33.6

2030 2.9 39.82040 2.7 46.0

2050 2.5 51.9

2060 2.3 57.5

2070 2.05 62.1

2080 2.05 65.8

2090 2.05 68.7

2100 2.05 70.8

Source : pmr.penerangan.gov.my


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Population growth is the change in

a population over time, and can be quantified as the

change in the number of individuals of anyspecies in a population using "per unit time" formeasurement.

Rapid Population Growth


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Population growth is determined by four factors,

births(B), deaths(D), immigrants(I), and emigrants(E).Using a formula expressed as :

P = (B-D) + (I-E)

In other words, the population growth of a period can becalculated in two parts, natural growth of population (B-

D) and mechanical growth of population (I-E),in whichMechanical growth of population is mainly affected bysocial factors, e.g. the advanced economies are growingfaster while the backward economies are growing slowlyeven with negative growth.

Determinants of Population

growth


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Pros :

It allows the possibility for more specialization &

economies of scale. Create variety of employment & rising in standard of

living.

Cons: Increase the problem of economic problems

Pros & Cons


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Land pressure

Dependency burden

Increased food requirement

Increased need for social services

Danger of increasing unemployment

Affect effort in increasing per capita income

Problems that associated with

rapid population growth

population employment & man power development

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