POP QUIZ From Last class: POP QUIZ From Last class: Answer questions on a separate sheet of paper! Hand INAnswer questions on a separate sheet of paper! Hand IN

1. Your house is an example of a(n) ___.

a. biotic factor b. habitat c. niche

2. Trees, mosses and shrubs are all examples of what type of factor?

a. abiotic b. biotic c. commensalism

3. The study of interactions between organisms and their environments is called ?

a. botany b. cytology c. ecology

4. If you work at McDonald’s, that is an example of your?

a. habitat b. niche c. community

5. A group of deer that live in a forest is an example of a?

a. biosphere b. community c. population

HEADINGSHEADINGS

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

IMPORTANT INFOIMPORTANT INFO

Ecosystem RecyclingEcosystem Recycling

ENERGY FLOWS THROUGH ECOSYSTEMWATER—NITROGEN—CARBON—PHOSPHORUSWATER—NITROGEN—CARBON—PHOSPHORUS

ARE RECYCLED!!!THEY MOVE THRU A BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE: ABIOTIC (non-living) PORTION OF ENVIRONMENT

(ATMOSPHERE) LIVING THINGSTHEN BACK AGAIN

Water CycleWater Cycle

CELLS CONTAIN 70-9070-90% H20

VERY LITTLE OF EARTHS AVAILABLEAVAILABLE H20 IS IN LIVING THINGS

RIVERS / LAKES / STREAMS / OCEANS CONTAIN A BIG %

ATMOSPHERE CONTAIN WATER = WATER VAPORWATER VAPOR

GROUND WATER = IN SOIL OR UNDERGROUND IN POROUS ROCK

WATER CYCLE = MOVEMENT OF H20 B/T RESERVOIRS EVAPORATION TRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION

EvaporationEvaporation

ADDS H20 VAPORVAPOR TO ATMOSPHERE

HEATHEAT CAUSES WATER TO EVAPORATE

90% 90% OF EVAPORATED WATER FROM TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM PASSES THROUGH PLANTS IN A PROCESS CALLED…

TranspirationTranspiration

PLANTS TAKE IN H20 THRU ROOTSTHRU ROOTS

RELEASE WATER & TAKE IN CO2CO2 (CARBON DIOXIDE)

ANIMALS DRINK/EAT TO TAKE IN H20

ANIMALS RELEASE IT WHEN: BREATHING BREATHING SWEATING SWEATING EXCRETIONEXCRETION

PrecipitationPrecipitation

WATER LEAVES ATMOSPHERE

TEMP & AIR PRESSURE (ABIOTIC ABIOTIC FACTORSFACTORS) DETERMINE HOW MUCH WATER CAN BE HELD

ONCE ATM. IS SATURATED W/VAPOR = SNOW, RAIN, SLEET, SNOW, RAIN, SLEET,

HAIL OR FOGHAIL OR FOG

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle

PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS = PLANTS & OTHER AUTOTROPHSAUTOTROPHS USE:

CO2CO2 + + H20 H20 & & SUNLIGHTSUNLIGHT = CARBOHYDRATES

CELLULAR CELLULAR RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION

PROCESS IN WHICH AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS USE OXYGEN (O2) TO BREAKDOWN CARBSBREAKDOWN CARBS..

CELLS MAKE ATPATP (ENERGY) BY BREAKING DOWN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS A COMPOUND THAT

RESULTS FROM LIVING THINGS & CONTAINS CARBONCARBON

HUMAN INFLUENCE ON THE CARBON CYCLEHUMAN INFLUENCE ON THE CARBON CYCLE

IN THE PAST 150 YEARS CO2 IN THE ATMOSPHERE HAS RISENRISEN 30%30% ALMOST ½ IN THE LAST 40 YEARS

DUE TO HUMANS ACTIVITY BURNING FOSSIL FUEL:

REMAINS OF ORGANISMS THAT HAVE BEEN TRANSFORMED BY DECAY, HEAT,DECAY, HEAT, & & PRESSUREPRESSURE ENERGY RICH

ORGANIC MOLECULES

BURNING RELEASES ENERGYENERGY & & CO2CO2

BURNING VEGETATION RELEASES CO2

TROPICAL RAINFOREST DESTRUCTION

WITH NO PLANTS CO2 IS NOTNOT ABSORBED

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle

NITROGEN IS NEEDED TO MAKE PROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDS:

ORGANIC MOLECULE, DNADNA OR RNARNA, THAT STORES & CARRIES IMPORTANT INFO FOR CELL FUNCTION

N2 (NITROGEN GAS) MAKES UP 78%78% OF THE ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

N2 IS HOWEVERLIMITED TO AMMONIAAMMONIA FOR MOST LIVING THINGS

NITROGEN FIXATIONNITROGEN FIXATION

CONVERSION OF N2 TO AMMONIA CERTAIN BACTERIA CAN CONVERT NH3NH3

= NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA

LIVE IN SOILSOIL & IN SOME ROOTSROOTS

Recycling NitrogenRecycling Nitrogen

BODIES OF DEAD ORGANISMS CONTAIN “N” URINE & DUNG ALSO

DECOMPOSERS BREAK DOWN CORPSES & WASTE OF ORGANISMS GIVE OFF NITROGEN AS AMMONIA = AMMONIFICATION

NITRIFICATION = BACTERIA IN SOIL TAKE IN AMMONIA & OXIDIZE IT INTO NITRITESITES, NO2 & NITRATESATES, NO3 Back into the environment

DENITRIFICATIONDENITRIFICATION

RETURNING NITROGEN TO ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

PLANTS CAN ABSORB NITRATES & AMMONIA FROM SOIL ANIMALS CANNOTNOT!

ANIMALS OBTAIN IT BY EATING OTHER ORGANISMS

THEY DIGESTDIGEST THE PROTEINSPROTEINS & NUCLEIC ACIDSNUCLEIC ACIDS

SUMMARY SUMMARY

1. WHAT IS THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE

2. WHERE DO NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA LIVE? WHAT CRUCIAL FUNCTION DO THEY PERFORM?

3. DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF DECOMPOSERS IN NITROGEN CYCLE?

4. HOW HAS BURNING FOSSIL FUELS AFFECTED CARBON CYCLE?

5. THROUGH WHAT PROCESS DOES MOST H20 VAPOR ENTER ATM.