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Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons

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Page 1: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons

Page 2: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary

Poly = many

Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids.

Anti = against, opposite

Dehydration = loss of water

Polypeptide = long assembled string of amino acids.

Page 3: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

DNA is copied to form mRNA in a process called transcription.

•Polypeptides are formed in the process termed translation.

•mRNA brings the coded information to a ribosome within the cytoplasm (acts as the messenger - hence mRNA).

•tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome where they are assembled into polypeptides.

What we already know….

Page 4: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite
Page 5: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Amino Acids & Polypeptides

• Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids.• Amino Acids have 3 parts:

1. Amino group (-NH2)

2. Carboxyl group (-COOH)

3. R group (variable)

Copy this!

Page 6: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

• The “R” Group makes each amino acid unique.• There are 20 different amino acids which all have the same skeleton BUT vary with the “R” group.

Page 7: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Creating the Polypeptide

A covalent bond joins amino acids.• The reaction is called dehydration synthesis. • The bond between the two amino acids is called a peptide bond.

Page 8: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) bring amino acids(20 different kinds) over to the ribosome.

• The mRNA code dictates which amino acid will be brought over.

• On one side of the tRNA is the amino acid, on the other is the “anticodon”.

• The anticodon is the complement to the codon!

Page 9: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Draw this picture of a tRNA molecule in your notes:

Page 10: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite
Page 11: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite
Page 12: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Results: • String of amino acids (polypeptide).• The polypeptide will be pushed out in the cytoplasm where it will be folded into its final 3D configuration. • The final 3D structure will be the finalized protein!

Page 13: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite
Page 14: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

Functions of Proteins

1. Enzymes: speed up chemical reactions.

2. Support: Hair, nails, scales, feathers.

3. Storage: yolk sac.

Page 15: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

4. Movement: muscles made of actin and myosin.

5. Transport: hemoglobin in RBC.

6. Defense: white blood cells

Page 16: Polypeptides, Amino Acids, and Codons. Prefixes, Suffixes and Vocabulary Poly = many Peptide bond =bond between two amino acids. Anti = against, opposite

7. Hormones: testosterone, estrogen.

8. Receptors: found on cell membranes, used to communicate within the cell.


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